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A Study On
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT
Under
HINDUSTAN ZINC LIMITED (VEDANTA)
A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment for the
The Post Graduate Diploma in Rural Development
By
Punam Kumari
Roll No. - 66 Session- 2010-2012
Under the Supervision of
Rev. Fr. (Dr.) Alexius Ekka, SJ
Director, XISS, Ranchi
DEPARTMENT OF RURAL MANAGEMENT
XAVIER INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SERVICE
PURULIA ROAD, RANCHI
MARCH 2012
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APPROVAL SHEET
This is to certify that the dissertation titled Impact Assessment of Livestock Management has
been prepared by Punam Kumari in partial fulfillment of the Post Graduation Diploma in Rural
Development.
This embodies data collected and analyzed by the candidate under the guidance ofRev. Fr. (Dr.)
Alexius Ekka, SJ, Director, Xavier Institute of Social Service, Ranchi and it is hereby
approved as indicating the proficiency of the candidate.
. ...
Rev. Fr. (Dr.) Alexius Ekka, SJ (Guide) Prof. M.H. Ansari
(H.O.D, Rural Development)
..
(External Examiner) Rev. Fr. (Dr.) Alexius Ekka, SJ
(Director, XISS)
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CONTENTS
Approval Sheet.i
List of Figures..
v
Acronyms..viii
Acknowledgementix
Executive Summary.x
CHAPTER PAGE NO.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY OF STUDY 7
3.1 Methods of Research 7
3.2 Selection of samples and sample size 7
3.3 Objectives of study 7
3.4 Variables of study 8
3.5 Methods for collecting Primary Data 8
CHAPTER 4: ORGANIZATIONAL AND STUDY AREA PROFILE
10
4.1. Vision 10
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4.2. Mission 10
4.3. Approach and strategy 10
4.4. Area of study 11
4.5. Group social policy 12
4.6. Corporate Social Responsibility 12
CHAPTER 5: FINDING AND ANALYSIS 14
5.1. Livestock possessed 14
5.2. Types of shed 15
5.3. Livestock assets in all units 16
5.4. Calf details 20
5.5. Uses of livestock in all units 24
5.6. A.I. activity 30
5.7. Vaccination activity details in all units 34
5.8. De-worming activity details in all units 37
5.9. Mode of treatment details of all units 39
5.10. Infertility treatment camp activity details of all units 39
5.11. Fodder demonstration activity details in all units 40
5.12. Farmer exposure visit activity details of all units 42
5.13. Insurance activity details of all units 45
5.14. Problem details of all units 46
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CHAPTER 6: SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 49
6.1 Suggestions 49
6.2 Recommendations 51
CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION 54
Bibliography I
Annexure II
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LIST OF FIGURES PAGE NO.
Figure 5.1: Livestock possessed in all units 15
Figure 5.2: Types of shed 16
Figure 5.3.1: Livestock assets in RDM unit 17
Figure 5.3.2: Livestock assets in ZM unit 18
Figure 5.3.3: Livestock assets in ZSD unit 18
Figure 5.3.4: Livestock assets in RAM unit 20
Figure 5.3.5: Livestock assets in CLZS unit 20
Figure 5.4.1: Calf details of RDM unit 21
Figure 5.4.2: Calf details of ZM unit 22
Figure 5.4.3: Calf details of ZSD unit 23
Figure 5.4.4: Calf details of RAM unit 24
Figure 5.4.5: Calf details of CLZS unit 24
Figure 5.4.6: Calf details in Billiya village 25
Figure 5.5.1 (a): Use of livestock in RDM unit 25
Figure 5.5.1 (b): Details of livestock product and sale in RDM unit 26
Figure 5.5.2 (a): Use of livestock in ZM unit 26
Figure 5.5.2 (b): Details of livestock product and sale in ZM unit 27
Figure 5.5.3 (a): Use of livestock in ZSD unit 27
Figure 5.5.3 (b): Details of livestock product and sale in ZSD unit 27
Figure 5.5.4 (a): Use of livestock in RAM unit 28
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Figure 5.5.4 (b): Details of livestock product and sale in RAM unit 28
Figure 5.5.5 (a): Use of livestock in CLZS unit 29
Figure 5.5.5 (b): Details of livestock product and sale in CLZS unit 30
Figure 5.5.6 (a): Unit wise A.I activities details (HZLs Target and Achievement) 30
Figure 5.5.6 (b): Unit wise A.I activities details (from survey) 31
Figure 5.5.6 (c): Unit wise A.I activities details in cow and buffalo (our coverage) 32
Figure 5.6.1 (a): A.I in livestock in all units (includes repeat and confirm pregnancy)
33
Figure 5.6.1 (b): Breed wise A.I details in livestock in all units 34
Figure 5.7 (a): Unit wise Vaccination activities details (HZls Target and Achievement)
35
Figure 5.7 (b): Unit wise Vaccination activities details (from survey) 35
Figure 5.7 (c): Unit wise HS Vaccination activities coverage details in % (from survey)
36
Figure 5.7 (d): Unit wise BQ Vaccination activities coverage details in % (from survey)
36
Figure 5.7 (e): Unit wise FMD Vaccination activities coverage details in % (from survey)
37
Figure 5.8 (a): Unit wise De-worming activities details (HZLs Target and Achievement)
38
Figure 5.8 (b): Unit wise De-worming activities details (from survey) 38
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Figure 5.9: Mode of treatment in all units (from survey) 39
Figure 5.10: Unit wise Infertility Treatment Camp activities details (from survey)
40
Figure 5.11 (a): Unit wise fodder demonstration activities details (HZLs target and
achievement) 40
Figure 5.11 (b): Unit wise fodder demonstration activities details (from survey) 40
Figure 5.12 (a): Unit wise farmer exposure visit activities details (HZLs target and
achievement) 41
Figure 5.12 (b): Unit wise farmer exposure visit activities details (from survey) 42
Figure 5.12.1 (a): Unit wise farmer training programme activities details (HZLs target
and achievement) 44
Figure 5.12.1 (b): Unit wise farmer training programme activities details (from survey)
44
Figure 15.13 (a): Unit wise insurance activities details (HZLs target and achievement)
46
Figure 15.13 (b): Unit wise insurance activities details (from survey) 46
Figure 5.14: Problems details in all the units 47
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ACRONYMS
A.I. Artificial Insemination
BAIF Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundations
BQ Black Quarter
CLZS Chanderiya Lead Zinc Smelter
CP Confirm Pregnancy
FMD Foot and Mouth Disease
HF Holstein Friesian
HS Hemorrhagic Septicemia
HZL Hindustan Zinc Limited
ND Non Descriptive
PD Pregnancy Diagnosis
RAM Rampura Agucha Mines
RDM Rajpura Dariba Mines
ZM Zawar Mines
ZSD Zinc Smelter Debari
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ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of study has never been possible without the valuable supportand contribution of many people and institutions. First of all I would like to express
gratitude to my dissertation guide Rev. Fr. (Dr.) Alexius Ekka, SJ, Director XISS, since
without his support, it would not have been possible for me to complete this endeavor. I
am highly indebted to him for his precious words of wisdom that inspired me. I am
sincerely thankful for both his suggestion as well as appreciation, which have made me
more proficient.
I would also like to show my gratitude to Prof. Niranjan Sahoo, Summer PlacementCoordinator, and a faculty of Department of Rural Management for providing me
opportunity to undertake the dissertation as a part of my two year postgraduate course.
I would like to thank Prof. M. H. Ansari, Head of Department of Rural Development for
supporting throughout my dissertation work.
I am immensely thankful and convey my sincere gratitude to Mr. Bherulal Sukhwal and
Mr. D. S. Chouhan, my guide at organization for supporting, guiding and providing
suggestions at every stage of the study.
My sincere thanks to all field workers at Hindustan Zinc Limited for helping me in my
field visits. My heartfelt thanks to few of my colleagues who assisted me all through the
compilation of the thesis.
Punam Kumari
Session 2010-12
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many valuable impacts and improved the condition of livestock in the area. Limitations
of the Programme were also highlighted in the report and some recommendations and
suggestions were given so that by following the report overcoming the limitations the
Programme could be improved further.
The findings showed that nearly 98% sample farmers were aware of FMD and HS and at
the same time nearly 99% cattle were artificially inseminated in an effective manner.
The credit of this awareness goes to Hindustan Zinc Limited because the farmers feel that
it is Hindustan Zinc Limited has who made them conscious by providing livestock caring
facilities and knowledge sharing.
During the interview schedule when local people were questioned about the contribution
of HZL for livestock management, they cooperated in all possible manners. Few people
had an opinion that if after three or four years, HZL would charge 20 to 50% of the total
cost incurred on one artificial insemination, then they would have no problem in paying
the amount. A few cattle owners were unaware of the activities carried out by HZL at the
same time a few people were aware of it but they were never a part of it. During the study
it is found that they also wanted to be a part of HZL for imparting awareness among other
cattle owners.
Completing a study in limited time itself is a challenge for any researcher and as a young
researcher I did my best to complete the whole research as scheduled. As a researcher, I
have learnt from the study about different breeds of cows, buffalos and other livestock
management aspects like maintenance, information about different cattle diseases and its
effect. I acquired clear understanding about how livestock would be a livelihood option
which would ultimately develop socio economic condition of a society.
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The significance of the livestock management at Hindustan Zinc Limited was to work on
critical issues hampering the growth of the livestock sector which were non-availability
of feed and fodder, healthcare and market outlets, timely technical guidance and
information on disease outbreaks.
HZL worked with cattle owners to change their mindset about cattle farming is also as
beneficial as agriculture farming by giving them a thought to transforming their problems
into opportunity. For future prospect they imbibed this thinking to cattle owner about
opening dairy farm by educating them on different issue of livestock. HZL gave has
given them opportunity to know cattle farming in different states.
Animal husbandry has potential to provide food and nutritional security. HZLs major
objective was to breed low yielding, nondescript cattle and buffaloes with genetically
superior exotic or improved Indian breeds while ensuring genetic improvement of elite
native breeds. The newly born high yielding cows and buffaloes are a reliable source of
livelihood generation. The means of income works even in drought prone areas.
The main areas of intervention by Hindustan Zinc Limited was to improve the livestock
progeny by providing facilities like artificial insemination (A.I.) services, animal health
service, training and extension services.
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
Artificial Insemination (A.I.) is a popular, simple and inexpensive treatment of infertility
in animals, in which the sperm from the male is collected and introduced artificially into
the reproductive tract of the female for conception.
A.I. Technique
The process of artificial insemination in cattle involves the deposition of semen in the
vagina of the cow, at the most appropriate time for acceptable conception rates. This is
the same way conception is achieved after natural mating. However, this technique has
been altered due to its low conception rates and high requirement of sperms. As a result,
another technique called 'recto-vaginal technique' is quite popular today. This technique
involves the insertion of a disposable, sterile catheter containing thawed semen into the
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vagina of the cow. The catheter is then guided into the spiral folds of the cervix into the
uterus, with the help of a gloved hand in the rectum. Some part of the semen is deposited
inside the uterus, while the rest of it is left in the cervix as the catheter is withdrawn.
In this process the animal are inseminated by frozen semen with the help of artificial
instrument called A.I. gun. A.I. is a tool of breed improvement in animals. In this method
of breeding the nondescript & low genetic potential animal (mostly cows and buffaloes)
are inseminated by frozen semen of high yielding cows and buffaloes respectively. It
results in birth of cross breed progeny from nondescript animal which is much better in
terms of milk production & reproduction capacity in comparison to its mother. In India
and Rajasthan the most popular cross breeds are Holstein Friesian and Jersey (Milk
production is 6000 lit. in lactation period of 300 days) in cows and Murrah in buffaloes.
In the process of artificial insemination first of all heat detection of animal is performed
by A.I. worker by rectal palpation, then A.I. gun is loaded from frozen semen after
thawing ( Process by which semen is brought up to atmospheric temperature to activate
the sperm) and Finally insemination of animal.
After two or three month of artificial insemination the animals are examined for confirm
pregnancy i.e. called Pregnancy Diagnosis and after the end of gestation period of animal
it gives birth to a cross breed calf.
Advantages of Artificial Insemination
The advantages of artificial insemination in cattle are as follows:
Quality Sires:
During natural breeding, males deposit more than the theoretically required quantities of
semen into the female's reproductive tract for conception. A.I. method involves dilution
of collected semen so as to create hundreds of doses from one ejaculate. Thus, A.I. makes
superior sire semen to be available to hundreds of female cows. Artificial insemination in
dairy cattle leads to sires of inheritance for butter fat and milk production.
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Decreased Costs and Increased Safety:
Bulls are bigger and stronger than cows and generally quite difficult to handle around the
farm. Their aggressive nature can make them potential threats on the farm. However, A.I.
eliminates the need to have a bull on the farm, as semen can be easily transported to
various geographical areas. They can also be stored for a long period of time, which
means the semen from a male can be used even after a bull's natural reproductive life
ends. Since maintaining males costs quite a bit, A.I. decreases the overall costs on the
farm.
Reduction in Disease Transmission:
The transfer of venereal diseases is quite likely to happen during natural mating. Certain
pathogens can be transferred via the semen into the female, during A.I. as well, however,
the screening done after semen collection prohibits this transfer.
Genetic Selection Improvement:
Since once released semen from male cattle is enough to produce more than hundreds of
offspring, the best few males can be selected for breeding. This helps maintain the vigor
of the cattle breed. Artificial insemination in beef cattle helps maintain the genetic pool,
thereby obtaining the right strain of beef cattle required for meat production.
Despite all the pros, A.I. do have its share of cons. Artificial insemination in cattle
requires dexterity, patience, knowledge, experience as well as specialized equipments.
Improper ways of carrying out A.I. in animal species, such as improper sterilization of
equipments, insanitary conditions, etc. can nullify the efforts taken to obtain conception.
The severe climatic conditions prevalent in most parts of India make transportation and
preservation of semen difficult. Moreover, the need for superior germ plasm has reduced
the market for bulls.
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India is characterized by the dry land/rain fed land that constitutes about 70% of the
arable land. These areas face great instability in crop production due to erratic and
inadequate rainfall. In the face of uncertainties in the crop production due to dry land/
rain fed farming, livestock production has been found to provide economic stability to the
farmers. The dry land/rain fed land can sustain livestock better than crop production
(Perumal, M. et al.).
Livestock sector is a major factor in fulfilling the fat and protein requirement of a
growing population. Against a world average of 25 grams per person per day of animal
protein in diet, the Indian diet contains just 10gm. As such, the development of livestock
is essential for maintaining the nutritional level, particularly of growing children and
nursing mothers. This sector contributes 5.59 per cent of Indias GDP. It provides regular
employment to about 11 million in principal status and 8 million in subsidiary status and
8 million in subsidiary status. Women constitute 69 per cent of the labour force in
livestock section (Economic Survey, India, 2002-03, p.163).
Livestock products belong to one such category of commodities, which if not handled
properly, can perish soon. Further, unhygienic methods of handling of livestock products
and produce from diseases animals also make the produce sub-standard in the
international market. Organised slaughter of animal forms a negligible proportion. Most
slaughter takes place in unorganised sector in clandestine ways in backyards and streets.
Even in the case of official municipal abattoirs, modern facilities and hygienic conditions
are not provided (Bhanja, S. K. 2000).
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
The researcher used the interview and the observation method to carry out the whole
study. The interview method helped to learn about a sample population whereas
observation method helped the researcher to gather more information in less time.
3.1 Methods of Research
The researcher prepared different interview schedules for the villagers and stakeholders.
Researcher used the sample survey method & at the same time kept eyes & ears opened
and hence observed their activities simultaneously.
3.2 Selection of Samples and sample size
Target villages for study were selected on the basis of taking core villages which were
nearer to Hindustan Zinc Limited (HZL) within the radius of 4 km. So the selection of
sample was done purposely after taking care of some factors. The researcher took care
that the selection criteria of the sample did not affect the study and there would not be
any kind of biasness in the selection process. The Programme was running in four
districts of Rajasthan, which covers 26 villages of the Hindustan Zinc limited working in
different areas. For the study all twenty six villages were taken. From four districts in
which 20% of beneficiaries were taken as sample for data collection and in some villages
50% beneficiaries were taken.
3.3 Objectives of the study
Every study starts with some objective to achieve. Although, the programme was running
by HZL from last two years, it never got evaluated. And by completion of the study itwas expected to achieve following objectives-
To generate information to strengthen existing planning which can bring major
changes in livelihoods, which was focus on understanding of the livestock as
second livelihood option.
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To generate baseline data on livestock, livelihood and socio-economic condition
of the targeted villages so as to understand the socio-economic status and income
generation customs of the cattle owners.
To collect information on the disasters, diseases and outbreak of livestock and to
find out the impact of livestock on the economy of the concerned areas.
3.4 Variables of Study:
Activities undertaken during the period by the researcher:-
Door step services of artificial insemination, PD (pregnancy diagnosis), calf
verification, calf rearing & management in cows & buffaloes for breed
improvement.
Organization of farmers training programme for awareness of integrated livestock
development programme.
Health coverage through de-worming (4 times) & vaccination (H.S., FMD &
B.Q.) (2 times).
Infertility & treatment camps including general diseases and nutritional support to
milching animals.
Concentrated feed support to pregnant animals & female calf.
Fodder demonstration programme in cultivated & waste land.
Insurance of cross breed & improved breed of cow & buffaloes female calf.
3.5: Methods for collecting Primary Data:
1. Interview Method The researcher adopted interview method to interview who
were main beneficiaries as well those who were less involved in the activites of
HZL. The people in villages gave a clear understanding of the actors and factors inimpact of livestock management.
2. Questionnaire & Schedule Methods Both the questionnaire & schedule which
Researcher prepared comprised of a list of questions arranged in a sequence
pertaining to the investigation. This supplemented researcher in the dissertation by
asking questions regarding households, income, A.I, vaccination, livestock asset,
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and activities involved in training and camps from which the information thus
obtained were tabulated.
3. Observation MethodTheresearcher collected information by way of observing
people and their activities for more reliable data. Type of shed, economic status,
education level etc, were observed closely by researcher for negligible human
errors.
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CHAPTER 4
ORGANIZATIONAL PROFILE AND THE PROFILE OF
THE LOCALE
Hindustan Zinc Ltd. (HZL) is a vertically integrated natural resources enterprise,
headquartered at Udaipur, Rajasthan, and has broad operations ranging from exploration,
mining, ore processing to smelting of non-ferrous metals The company is India's largest
lead and zinc producer.
4.1 Vision
Being regarded as a socially responsible corporate entity at par with global standards.
4.2 Mission
Facilitate collaborative development for improving the quality of life of people at large,
particularly in the neighborhood and state for achieving business goals and reputation
management.
4.3 Approach and Strategy
Companys approach towards community development is holistic, robust, integrated,
intensive, long term and sustainable; based on the Public Private Partnership (PPP)
model. They use intensive intervention in select villages identified through an indicator
driven process designated as the Integrated Village Development Program. In all other
villages they have an extensive approach. Internal reviews and social audits are
periodically conducted to facilitate transfer of autonomy to the villages and expand their
reach.
They measure their social and economic impacts, engage openly with communities and
other stakeholders and aim to contribute to the development of sustainable communities.
Corporate Social Responsibility is an integral part of their business which is accorded as
much important as a business project. They have undertaken several projects for
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times CSR roles and responsibilities of large corporations have been explicitly identified
and evolved world-wide. In order to minimize the incidence of corporate governance
problems, guidelines and codes based on country experiences are being adopted both by
developed and developing countries. In fact, even before the world-wide debate started
some large companies and multinationals all over the world were already engaged in
corporate philanthropy.
However, as the community and stakeholders expectations become more and more
diverse, it became necessary to mandate the corporation to respond to these requirements.
Since the 1990s a number of developments such as increasing democratization of
governments, creation of newer social and economic institutions, rapid growth of
volunteerism in the form of non-profit organizations, rapid growth of volunteerism in the
form of non-profit organizations, increasing consumer awareness, focus on the need for
reducing poverty, dealing with the human rights issues, among others, have reinforced
the need to articulate policies and actions to incorporate corporate action and emphasized
the concept and practice of corporate responsiveness. Since corporations have social
obligation, the concept of corporate social performance has been advocated which would
enable the corporations to focus on the required content of corporate social action.
The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) has defined
corporate social responsibility as the commitment of business to contribute to
sustainable economic development. The primary purpose of CSR is to engage with the
internal and external stakeholder.
CSR is concerned with treating the stakeholders of the firm ethically or in a socially
responsible manner. The aim of social responsibility is to create higher standards of
living, while preserving the profitability of the corporation.
CSR measures should focus on benefiting people and communities other than those
whom they (the company) are contractually obliged to, namely, those who are socially
and/or economically disadvantages.
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Figure 5.2: Types of shed in all units.
5.3. Livestock Assets in all units
5.3.1. Livestock Assets in RDM unit
Total number of samples covered in this unit was five from each village taking different
parameter. This figure shows the details of assets both of hybrid and local breed in Dariba
unit. Local breed of buffalo is higher in number than hybrid and in more in number in
Mahenduriya village which is nearest village to Hindustan zinc limited.
Figure 5.3.1. (a): Livestock assets in RDM Unit.
Straw Shed Having Tiles Roof In Home
Cow, Bullock, Buffalo,Goat
Dariba 33 2 0
Zawar 16 1 1
Debari 8 9 0
Agucha 15 1 4
Chanderia 11 9 0
05
1015
20253035
Households
Types of Shed
Naya
Dariba
Mahend
uriya
Mata ji
khera
Sindesar
khurd
Suneria
kherRajpura
Makhan
puria
cow local 4 5 2 2 2 9 5
cow hybrid 6 5 6 3 4 1 1
buffalo local 9 16 1 3 5 8 3
buffalo hybrid 2 3 3 3 6 0 9
0
2468
1012141618
cow local
cow hybrid
buffalo local
buffalo hybrid
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5.3.2. Livestock Assets in ZM Unit
In ZM unit, the sample size for each village was five and it was observed that the number
of no. of hybrid cow and buffalo had been observed more in Oda village which is an
additional village as compared to other villages. It can be also seen from figure no. 5.3.2.
that the no. hybrid cows were more as compared to hybrid buffaloes that was 18 .
As it can be seen in the graph local breed of cow and buffalo were more than hybrid cow
and buffalo in Zawar unit.
Figure 5.3.2 : Livestock assets in ZM unit
5.3.3 Livestock Assets in Debari Unit
Debari was observed to have the highest number of hybid cows as compared to hybrid
buffalos among which gowala futia scored more value than other village. The sample size
for each village took by researcher for study was five which showed that there was no
hybrid cow and buffaloes in Godwa.
Rawa Kanpur NewatalaiKrishanpu
ra
Singatwad
aOda
Cow (Local) 1 8 5 9 4 1
Cow (Hybrid) 0 2 0 3 3 10
Buffalo (Local) 0 4 6 3 6 1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Numbers
Livestock assets in Zawar unit
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Figure 5.3.5 : Livestock assets in CLZS Unit.
5.4. Calf details in all unit
5.4.1. Calf Details in RDM unit:
Calf baby was sold in Makkanpuria only among all sample took by researcher which can
be seen in figure 5.4.1 which was five from each village. No. of calf were found more in
Rajpura village. In this unit cattle owners prefer to retain calf. Out of 24 calvess, there
was only one male calf which has been sold in Rs. 10,000.00.
Figure 5.4.1: Calf details of RDM unit.
Local Hybrid Local Hybrid
Cow Buffalo
Billia 9 7 2 3
Salera 5 6 15 40
Ganeshpura 8 2 10 6
Mungga ka Khera 6 7 9 7
05
10152025
30354045
Numbers
Livestock assets in Chanderia unit
Naya
Dariba
Mahendu
riya
Mata ji
Khera
Sindesar
Khurd
Suneria
KheraRajpura
Makhanp
uria
Calf Retained 0 4 4 2 2 6 5
Calf sold 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Numbers
Calf details in Dariba unit
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5.4.7 Use of Livestock in RAM unit:
In Agucha Unit, the total number of milching cow were observed more in Khedapalola
and Sultanpura village as can be seen in figure no. 5.5.4 (a). The number of milching
buffalo were found more in Rampura as compare to other villages. As it can be seen from
the graph that total number of milching cow was observed more as compared to milching
buffalo.
Figure 5.5.4 (a): Use of Livestock in RAM Unit.
In Agucha unit, milk production was good in all villages of Agucha with respect to other
villages. The maximum sell of milk was in Rampura village. Milk selling was thealternate livelihood option for the farmers as shown in figure no. 5.5.4 (b).
Rampura Khedapalola Sultanpura Khatikheda
Cow 0 7 10 10 3
Buffalo 0 6 2 3 3
Total 13 12 13 6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
No.ofmilchingcattles
Use of livestock in Agucha unit
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5.6.1. A.I. activities details of all units:
Artificial insemination (A.I.) was main activity in all units. Repeat was done in case the
A.I. was not successful first time and it is shown in figure that its frequency decreased
and chances of confirmed pregnancy (C.P.) increased in all units. Utmost number of A.I.
was there in Dariba unit and least repeat of A.I took place in Zawar.
Figure 5.6.1 (a): A.I. in livestock in allUnits (includes Repeat and confirm pregnancy)
Different breed of livestock in which A.I. was done in buffalo was Murrah and in cow
were Gir, H.F., Jersey. N.D. (non-descript) was huge in number in Dariba. Murrah and
H.F. was mostly preferred by cattle owner in all units due its high milk production. After,
H.F. other breed which preferred was Gir because of its disease resistant ability.
In Dariba unit, total number of Murrah 23, Jersy 10, H.F. 20 and N.D. 59. In
Mahenduriya village, H.F. is more in number. In Makkhanpuria and Suneriya khera
village, maximum no. of Murrah was found.
Murrah Gir H.F jersey N.DDariba 23 0 22 10 59
zawar 16 4 14 4 5
Dabari 13 1 25 5 7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Dariba
zawar
Dabari
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Figure 5.6.1 (b): Breed wise A.I. details in livestock in all Units.
5.7Vaccination activities in all units
Vaccination takes place twice a year in all five units for HS, BQ and FMD. HZLs target
and achievement can be seen from figure 5.7 (a). Total universe size as per HZLs
achievement was researcher target in figure no. 5.7 (b) and for this researcher took five
samples from each village in each unit for which three figure can be seen one for HS in
figure no. 5.7 (c),for BQ in figure no. 5.7 (d) and in case of FMD in figure no. 5.7 (e).
The highest target was achieved by Dariba.
Murrah Gir H.F jersey N.D
Dariba 23 0 22 10 59zawar 16 4 14 4 5
Dabari 13 1 25 5 7
Agucha 13 9 14 3 7
chanderia 17 3 12 4 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Dariba
zawar
Dabari
Agucha
chanderia
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Figure 5.7 (a): Unit wise Vaccination activities details (HZLs Target and Achievement)
Note: The reason behind more than 100% achievement by all units except ZSD unit was
that, earlier this programme was running as a pilot programme and it ran successfully and
with the intervention in core village it added more than 100% in their Vaccination
activities.
T A % T A % T A %
H.S B.Q. F.M.D.
CLZS 250 1244 497.60 250 1244 497.60 250 800 320.00
ZSD 800 750 93.75 800 750 93.75 1200 800 66.67
ZM 200 240 120.00 200 240 120.00 200 380 190.00
RAM 300 640 213.33 300 640 213.33 300 344 114.67
RDM 0 1500 1500 0 1500 1500 0 1000 1000
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
NUMBERRS
UNITWISE VACCINATION ACTIVITIES
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Figure 5.7 (b): Unit wise Vaccination activities details (from survey)
Figure 5.7 (c): Unit wise H.S. Vaccination activities coverage details in % (from survey)
Total
universe size
as per HZL's
achievement
our coverage %
Total
universe size
as per HZL's
achievement
our coverage %
Total
universe size
as per HZL's
achievement
our coverage %
H.S. B.Q. F.M.D.
CLZS 1244 178 14.31 1244 178 14.31 800 178 22.25
ZSD 750 86 11.47 750 86 11.47 800 86 10.75
ZM 240 81 33.75 240 81 33.75 380 81 21.32
RAM 640 72 11.25 640 72 11.25 344 72 20.93
RDM 1500 126 8.40 1500 126 8.40 1000 126 12.60
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
INNUMBERS
UNITWISE OUR COVERAGE IN VACCINATION ACTIVITIES
14.3111.47
33.75
11.258.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM
UNITWISE H.S. COVERAGE (in %)
H.S. (in %)
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Figure 5.7 (d): Unit wise BQ Vaccination activities coverage details in % (from survey)
Figure 5.7 (e): Unit wise FMD Vaccination activities coverage details in percentage
(from survey)
5.8De-worming activities details of all units:
De-worming was vital activity of Hindustan zinc limited (HZL) similar to vaccination
which was organized two times in a year. Figure 5.8 (a) shows total achievement of HZL
with respect to its target. Total target achieved by researcher is shown in Figure 5.8 (b) and
14.3111.47
33.75
11.258.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM
UNITWISE B.Q. COVERAGE (in %)
B.Q. (in %)
22.25
10.75
21.32 20.93
12.6
0
5
10
15
20
25
CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM
UNITWISE F.M.D. COVERAGE (in %)
F.M.D. %
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(c) which shows that maximum number of samples was undertaken by researcher under
study in all respective units.
Note: The reason behind more than 100% achievement in CLZS, ZSD and RDM units was
that, earlier this programme was running as a pilot programme and it ran successfully and
with the intervention in core village it added more than 100% in their de-worming
activities.
Figure 5.8 (a): Unit wise De-worming activities details (HZLs Target and Achievement)
Figure 5.8 (b): Unit wise De-worming activities details (from survey)
CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM
TARGET 450 1600 200 300 475
ACHIEVE 530 1200 200 300 622
% 117.78 75 100 100 130.95
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
INNUM
BERS
UNITWISE DE-WORMING ACTIVITIES
CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM
Total universe size as per HZL's
achievement530 1200 200 300 622
our coverage 137 83 48 72 118
% 25.85 6.92 24 24 18.97
0
200400600800
100012001400
INNUMBERS
UNITWISE OUR COVERAGE IN DEWORMING
ACTIVITIES
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Figure 5.10 (a): Unit wise Infertility Treatment camp activities details (HZLs Target and
Achievement)
Figure 5.10 (b): Unit wise Infertility Treatment Camp activities details (from survey)
5.11 Fodder Demonstration activities details of all units:
Green fodder demonstration was another vital activity in which seeds were distributed
among cattle owners who had land so that they can utilize maximum from it and through
it awareness among other cattle owner was generated. Fodder demonstration activity
achievement with respect to its target is shown in figure 5.11 (a) of Hindustan zinc
limited.
CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM
TARGET 20 20 16 20 30
ACHIEVE 20 20 16 20 30
% 100 100 100 100 100
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
INNUM
BERS
UNITWISE I.T. CAMP
CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM
Total universe size as per HZL's
achievement20 20 16 20 30
our coverage 9 9 8 9 10
% 45 45 50 45 33.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
INNUMBERS
UNITWISE OUR COVERAGE IN I.T. CAMP
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Figure 5.12.1 (a): Unit wise farmer training programme activities details (HZLs target
and achievement)
Figure 5.12.1 (b): Unit wise farmer training programme activities details (from survey)
CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM
TARGET 65 125 25 75 150
ACHIEVE 65 75 25 75 100
% 100 60 100 100 66.67
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
INNUMBERS
UNITWISE FARMER TRAINING PROG.
CLZS ZSD ZM RAM RDM
Total universe size as per HZL's
achievement65 75 25 75 100
our coverage 10 6 8 11 28
% 15.38 8 32 14.67 28
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
INNUMBERS
UNITWISE OUR COVERAGE IN F.T.P.
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Figure 5.14: Problems details in all the units.
GENERAL FINDINGS:
In each unit maximum number of H.F and Murrah breed is there. Maximum
number of hybrid cow is there as compared to hybrid buffaloes.
In Agucha unit, maximum number of Gir is there as compared to other unit.
Those villages in which A.I. took place in maximum number had highest
production of milk and dairy work is more in those villages. Like in Oda (Zawar),
Salera (Chanderia), Sultanpura (Agucha), Bicchari and Govala Futia (Debari).
Vaccination took place in each village now and previously also at scheduled time.
Only one case of Galgotu found in Debari in Govala Futia village.
Cattle owner prefer modern treatment practice.
Tick is prevalent in all units but it is more prominent in Zawar unit.
In each unit cattle owner went to one of the training program like FTP (Farmer
Training Program), Anand Dairy (Gujarat) and Karnal (Haryana) organized by
HZL. Only in Agucha unit cattle owner went to Karnal training also.
Non
availability of
fodder
Scarcity of
fund
Lack of
knowledge
about health
and care
Poor
accessibility
of extension
Service
Other
Dariba 15 27 6 10 0
Zawar 20 10 5 17 0
Debari 7 2 2 0 0
Agucha 15 6 3 2 0
Chanderia 20 2 3 0 0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
No.ofBenificieries
Problems
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CHAPTER 6
SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 SUGGESTIONS
Awareness Program
Gender ratio of the area was good. Women were working in different activities of
livelihood. Male population was working in agriculture and wage labor. Therefore
women were engaged as second livelihood activities and currently they were raring the
livestock. And thus women should come forward for livestock development and
management activities. Literacy level was very good in that area and this would help tomake people aware about the livestock development and management. Therefore
facilitation of the awareness programme would be easier and healthy. Young populations
were good and that would help in the training programme. Youth could start livestock
based livelihood activities according to their convenience. Markets were available locally
so the people should be aware about the demand of the market so that they can be
motivated for livestock development and management.
Service Accessibility
Veterinary services should be accessible easily and training camps about health
management of livestock would make them aware about health of livestock. This would
result in livelihood activities based on livestock. The veterinary services should be made
more easily accessible as it would help to reduce the loss of animals due to seasonal
diseases. This will help in increasing the number of animals in household and reducing
subsequent losses due to serious diseases.
Market availability
The culture and tradition allow people to have livestock in their houses. But they are not
able to use it more for livelihood purpose. There is good market available but veterinary
services were poor. People were aware about management of the livestock and some of
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Livestock intensification will be a revolution for some people and motivating factor for
other people.
6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
Training
More skill oriented training could be organised for villagers so that they can take proper
care of the livestock and reduce the death toll due to seasonal diseases among the
livestock. Training could also be imparted on vermicompost and proper management
with maximum utilisation of its resources. Special programmes should be developed to
promote economic management of small ruminants by providing critical inputs and
services through their Self Help Groups and assisting in forward and backward linkages.
Health Care
Veterinarians should be encouraged to practice in close association with the villagers, to
take proper care of the livestock and go for routine checkups. In the past there have been
instances where due to lack of proper treatment by the veterinarians there has been death
of the cattle and so the people feel that if the cattle die even after the treatment then what
the use of availing treatment is? They feel that there is no use in investing for treatment
on their livestock. Their accessibility to avail benefits from the block level should be
made easier and simpler (as it was found that people avail minimal benefits from the
Block). When we enquired the Block office, the Veterinarian officer said that people did
not come to the block office/sub-centre at all. So there should be a connecting link to be
established.
Strategy for Feed Management
The animals mostly had open grazing system, and fewer households bought fodder from
outside regularly. Fodder was bought only when there was acute shortage that too during
the month of January to May so efforts should be made to develop pasture lands
involving local communities through soil and water conservation, introduction of
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Focus on Critical Areas:
Some of the critical issues hampering the growth of the livestock sector are non-
availability of feed and fodder, healthcare and market outlets, timely technical guidance
and information on disease outbreaks, price and supply of inputs and outputs and finance
for investment. These problems can be solved through Public-Private Partnership (PPP).
Hence the government should facilitate such schemes immediately. Voluntary agencies
can play a significant role in the success of PPP, as they can motivate the farmers to take
active part.
Card System:
For the records of A.I., fodder distribution, medicines, vaccination, de-worming and
insurance two cards should be made. One copy of card will be kept in HZL records and
another card will be given to the beneficiaries.
Documentary Film:
Different activities which are being done by HZL or must be needed for the betterment of
Livestock Management can be shown through this documentary film. This include
healthcare, sanitation, AI process, Pregnancy diagnosis test, delivery process, use of dung
and how to use the limited sources in the best possible manner.
Pictorial Presentation:
Discussion with farmers can be more effective during meeting if the pictorial presentation
will be done for all activities which are being implemented in their village. This may
include procedure, advantages, disadvantages, solutions of different activities.
Hoarding and wall painting:Hoarding and wall painting are the most important things which need to be implemented.
Most of the people are illiterate and unable to read leaflets or parcha so by seeing a
picture they will be able to understand.
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II
ANNEXTURE I
VILLAGE PANCHAYAT BLOCK DISTRICT
NAYA DARIBA KOTRI RAILMANGRA RAJSAMAND
MAHENDURIYA MAHENDURIYA RAILMANGRA RAJSAMAND
MATA JI KHERA KOTRI RAILMANGRA RAJSAMAND
SINDESAR KHURD RAJPURA RAILMANGRA RAJSAMAND
SUNERIA KHERA KABRA RAILMANGRA RAJSAMAND
RAJPURA RAJPURA RAILMANGRA RAJSAMAND
MAKKANPURIA KABRA RAILMANGRA RAJSAMAND
BICCHARI BICCHARI GIRWA UDAIPUR
GODWA BHALLOKA GODA GIRWA UDAIPUR
CHHODA GODA BHALLOKA GODA GIRWA UDAIPUR
GOVALA FUTIA BHAISRA KHURD GIRWA UDAIPUR
RAWA ZAWAR GIRWA UDAIPUR
KANPUR ZAWAR GIRWA UDAIPUR
NEWATALAI NEWATALAI SARADA UDAIPUR
SINGATWADA SINGATWADA SARADA UDAIPUR
KRISHANPURA SINGATWADA SARADA UDAIPUR
ODA SARADA SINGATWADA UDAIPUR
RAMPURA AGUCHA HURDA BHILWARA
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III
KHEDA PALOLA KHOTIA HURDA BHILWARA
SULTANPPURA BARDLA HURDA BHILWARA
KHATI KHEDA HURDA HURDA BHILWARA
GANESHPURA RASHMOR CHITTORGARH CHITTORGARH
BILLIYA NAGRI CHITTORGARH CHITTORGARH
MUNG KA KHERA PUTOLI GANGAR CHITTORGARH
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Goat
Sheep
Buffalo
Others
19. Availability of feed and fodder:
Sl. No. Is there
any
shortage
of fodder
(Yes/No)
Shortage
period
of fodder
Coping
mechanism
Storage facility
for the
fodder(Yes/No)
Coping
mechanism
Remark
Cow
Bullock
Goat
Sheep
Buffalo
Others
20. Investment on Livestock:
Type of
Livestock
Feed Shed Health Labor Tota
l
Net
Return
Remarks
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Medicin Vaccin
ation
Insuranc
e
Cow
Bullock
Goat
Sheep
Buffalo
Others
21. Use of Livestock:
Type of
Livestock
Nos. Use of Livestock Manures
Milk Meat Other
Cow
Bullock
Goat
Sheep
Buffalo
Others
22. Livestock Economy
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X
A. Income from milk and meat (Livestock):
Anim
al
Sourc
e
Milk
(Yesterdays produce)?
(Manure)
Meat
(Monthly)
(Manure)
Tota
l
Valu
e
(Rs.)
Yiel
d
(L)
Own
Consu
mption
(L)
Sellin
g (L)
Unit
Price
(Rs./
L)
Mark
et/Pla
ce
Yiel
d
(KG
or
Nos.
)
Own
Consu
mption
(kg or
Nos.)
Sellin
g (kg
or
Nos.)
Unit
Price
(Rs/kg or
Rs/anima
l)
Mark
et/Pla
ce
B. Income from calf/baby Yes / No
Type of
animal
Calf/Baby
Retained
Calf/Baby
Sold
Unit price of
sale / Retained
Yearly
Earnings
Remarks
Cow
Bullock
Goat
Sheep
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XI
Buffalo
Others
23. Marketing System of Livestock
A. Regional marketing of livestock (Purchases):
Type of
Livesto
ck
mode of Marketing Place
of
Mark
et
Distanc
e from
the
Village
Variation of Price (Rs.) Re
mar
ks
Middl
e
man
Loca
l
Hart
Nearby
Market
Larges
Market
Middl
e man
Loca
l Hat
Nearb
y
Marke
t
Larges
t
Marke
t
Cow
Bullock
Goat
Sheep
Buffalo
Others
B. Regional marketing of livestock (Sales):
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XIV
Availability Yes/No Remarks (Specified)
Veterinary Center
Veterinary Inspector
Junior Veterinary Officer
Para Veterinary Officer
Vaccination of Animal
Information for vaccinating animals
Camp for livestock
Traditional Breeding Techniques
Modern Breeding Techniques (A.I.)
27.Vaccination:
Type of Diseases
(specify)
Treatment (Mode of Vaccinating) Remarks
Modern Traditional
New Castle
Foot and Mouth
(Fatua)
Loose Motion (Jhara),
Goat/ Sheep
Loose Motion (Cow,
Buffalo)
28. Capacity Building Training on Livestock Management:
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XVII
Service
5. Lack of Knowledge about
Commercial livestock
Management
6. Others
36. Problems faced during marketing of Livestock:
SN Problems faced (Ranking)* Remarks
1.Price
2.Knowledge about Market of
Livestock
3.Distance of the market
4.Transportation
5.Middlemen
*(1-7) Major problem will be ranked as 1 & so on
37. Is loan easily available from bank Yes /No
What do you want from their side to be done (please specify)
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XX
ANNEXTURE III
QuestionnaireStakeholders
A. Profile Information
Name of
respondent
District Name (tick)
Block Name
Village Name
a. State
(Tick only one
option)
1 2 3
4 5 6
b. Age < 25 2640 4155 > 55
b. working area
d. Highest
qualification
Illiterate Below
SSC
SSC/HSC Some college/
not graduate
Grad/PG
(general)
Grad/PG
(professional)
e. working post
f. workingexperience
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XXIV
9. What measures company needs to take to improve effectiveness of cattle owners/ farmers
meet?
D. HOARDING/WALL PAINTING
10.Did you ever noticed hoarding on your visit to village (specify town name)? (Please tick only
one option)
1. Yes 2. No
11.Which of the AI & Green Fodder brand hoarding you have seen on your way to village(specify name)? (Please tick only one option for each company)
S. No. Companies Yes No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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XXX
31. Livestock Health:
A. What are the major health problems/Diseases among the livestock?
Livestock Diseases/Infection Remark
Cow
Bullock
Goat
Buffalo
Others
B. Common Diseases (season wise):
Season Type of diseases Remarks
Summer
Monsoon
Winter
32. Treatment Practice:
Type Yes/No Remarks
Panchayat Level Veterinary
Hospital
Block Level Veterinary Hospital
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XXXI
Private Veterinary Doctor
Quack
Traditional method /Others
HZL (BAIF)
33.Availability of Veterinary Services:
Availability Yes/No Remarks (Specified)
Veterinary Center
Veterinary Inspector
Junior Veterinary Officer
Para Veterinary Officer
Vaccination of Animal
Information for vaccinating animals
Camp for livestock
Traditional Breeding Techniques
Modern Breeding Techniques
34.Vaccination:
Type of Diseases (specify) Treatment (Mode of Vaccinating) Remarks
Modern Traditional
New Castle
Foot and Mouth (Fatua)
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XXXII
B.Q.
ETV (Goat)
H.S.
Others
35. Capacity Building Training on Livestock Management:
Did you undergo any training programme? Yes /No
S.
N
Nature of training
(Veterinary/for
breeding/traditional etc.)
Name of the
Institutefrom which
the training
imparted
Duratio
n of thetraining
Learning
/Training
Imparted
(Yes/No)
Outcome Remarks
36. Do you require more training? Yes / No
If yes, specify the area to be trained? ______________________________________
37. Provision of credit facilities for the livestock:
Financial Help Yes/No Amount ( Rs.) Remarks
SHG
Local Moneylenders
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XXXIII
Bank
Relatives
38. Problem of Livestock Management?
Sl.
No.
Problem Yes/No Category of
problem*
Ways/ Means
for Solution
7. Non availability of fodder
8.
Scarcity of Fund
9. Lack of Knowledge about health and
care of Livestock
10. Poor accessibility of extension Service
11. Lack of Knowledge about Commercial
livestock Management
12. Others
39. Whether you are availing the insurance facilities? Yes/No
Any Agency Involved Yes/No
Any benefit received (Please specify)
What are the Problems (if any) encountered
Remarks:
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XXXIV
Date: - / /2011 Name of Interviewer: -
Signature
Accompanying Person: - Signature with Date
MOU ANNEXURE IV
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XL
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