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Certificate No.: GHPZY Zi No. 2834
Poverty Alleviation and Agriculture
Development Demonstration in Guizhou Province
Poor Areas Project
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Project Construction Unit: Guizhou Poverty Alleviation and Development Office
Project Evaluation Unit: Guangzhou EP Environmental Engineering, LTD
Compiled In June, 2014
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Contents
1. Overview ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Project Background ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Relationship with the State or Province-level Planning ....................................................... 2 1.3. Associated Policies, Laws and Regulations and Standards............................................... 20 1.4 Evaluation Standards ............................................................................................................ 15 1.5 Classification, Level and Scope of Evaluation; Factors and Key Points of Evaluation .. 15
2. Project Description.......................................................................................................................... 15 2.1 Project Objectives, Investment and Implementation Scheduling ..................................... 15
2.2 Project Implementation Area ............................................................................................... 15
2.3 Main contents and scale ........................................................................................................ 15
2.4 Construction standards in each item ................................................................................... 15
2.5 Associated projects and their due diligence investigations ................................................ 15
3. Natural and Social Environment Status ........................................................................................ 15 3.1 Natural Environment Status of Project Site ....................................................................... 15
3.2 Socioeconomic Status of Project Area ................................................................................. 15
3.3 Environmental Conditions of Project Area ......................................................................... 15
3.4 Environment-sensitive Targets of Project Area .................................................................. 15
4. Environmental Impact Analysis of Infrastructure Projects ........................................................ 15 4.1 Environmental Impact Analysis in Construction Period ................................................... 15
4.2 Environmental Impact Analysis in Operation Period ........................................................ 15
5. Environmental Impact Analysis of Agricultural Activities .......................................................... 15 5.1 Environmental impact analysis of planting project ........................................................... 15
5.2 Environmental impact analysis of breeding project .......................................................... 15
5.3 Environmental impact analysis of primary process project .............................................. 15
5.4 Resources carrying capacity analysis .................................................................................. 15
5.5 Analysis on environmental capacity .................................................................................... 15
6 Analysis of Alternative Scheme ....................................................................................................... 15 6.1 Analysis of Zero Program ..................................................................................................... 15
6.2 The Different Environment Impact Different Cropping Patterns have on Comparison
Analysis ................................................................................................................................................ 15 6.3 Scheme Comparison of Green Control and Control with Traditional Anti-pest
Technology.................................................................................................................................... 15 6.4 Comparison and Selection of Breeding Manure Disposal Methods .................................. 15
7. Information publicity and public consultation ............................................................................. 15 7.1 The purpose of public participation .................................................................................. 15 7.2 Implementation of public participation survey ............................................................... 15 7.3 Disclose the environmental information............................................................................ 15 7.4 Results analysis of the public participation survey .......................................................... 15 7.5 Analysis of publicity results ................................................................................................ 15 7.6 Conclusion of public participation .................................................................................... 15
8. The Environmental Management Plan ......................................................................................... 15
8.1 Arrangements of Environmental Management Agencies and Responsibilities ................ 15
8.2 Environmental Regulations / Mitigation Measures ............................................................ 15 8.3 Environment Monitoring Program ...................................................................................... 15
8.4 Environmental Protection Training Plan ............................................................................ 15 8.5 Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Management Plan ............................................................ 15
9. Conclusions and suggestions ...................................................................................................... 15
1
1. Overview
1.1 Project Background
China has included the poverty relief and development into the overall planning of
national economy and social development, and meanwhile formulated and implemented
the political measures supporting the development of rural areas plagued by poverty. It
has given high priority to the investment in poverty relief and regarded this as the major
task of the public financial budget and poverty-stricken areas as the major areas for which
public finance shall provide endorsement, and has decided to gradually enhance the
strength of supporting the poor areas and implementation of poverty relief strategy.
Under the lead and supervision of the Poverty Relief Office of the State Council, the
Demonstration Pilot Project of the Chinese Poor Areas through Industrial Development
initiated by the Foreign Investment Center Organization was officially listed in the
2013-2015 project planning of the National Development and Reform Commission and
Ministry of Finance Utilizing the World Bank Loans, and was approved by the State
Council. The project is the sixth poverty relief project supported by the World Bank loans
that has been approved by the Chinese government, i.e. the Sixth Poverty Relief Project
by World Bank Loans. With an overall investment of RMB 1.96 billion, among which,
USD 150 million is expected from the world bank loans, The project is aimed to develop
the highly efficient, eco-friendly and value-added industries, promote the adjustment of
industrial structure in the poor areas to eventually realize the optimization of ecological
environment and sustainable increment of famers living with poverty, and meanwhile
explore the good mode and method of reducing the poverty via industrial development in
the centralized poor areas which are connected geographically.
The poverty relief plan makes good use of the World Bank loans to carry out the
demonstration pilot program of the Chinese poor areas through industrial development at
27 state-level poverty-stricken counties in three provinces of the western regions
(Guizhou, Sichuan and Gansu). In accordance with the relevant environmental protection
policies in China as well as the Policy of the World Bank on Safety and Safeguard, it is a
must that the project needs to come with an evaluation report on the influence of
environment, with a purpose to ensure that the possible negative influence on social
environment can be realized and avoided as much as possible, and meanwhile figure out
the ways to minimize the unavoidably negative impact.
With the entrustment by the Foreign Investment Project Organization Center of the
Poverty Development Office of Guizhou Province, the Guangzhou Environmental
Protection Engineering Design and Research Institute have undertaken the aforesaid
evaluation task. According to the feasibility report on the engineering of the project and
other relevant materials, the members from the evaluation team have finished the
compilation of the Report From of the Environmental Influence of the Demonstration
Pilot Program of the Chinese Poor Areas through Industrial Development Supported by
World Bank Loans for the verification and approval of the Department of Environmental
Protection of Guizhou Province, World Bank Poverty Relief Team and other associated
organizations, and for providing the suggestions and requirements on the environmental
2
protection associated with the project in order to facilitate the environmental management
of the project later.
1.2 Relationship with the State or Province-level Planning
Analysis on the conformance between the poverty alleviation pilot project loaned by the
World Bank in poverty-stricken areas in Guizhou Province and the Twelfth Five-year
Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China
and the Outline for Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development in China (2011-2020) is
the same as Sichuan Environmental Impact Assessment; please refer to Table 1.2-1 for
the analysis on the conformance with relevant plans.
3
Table 1.2-1 Analysis on the Conformity between the Demonstration Pilot Program of the Chinese Poor Areas through Industrial
Development Supported by World Bank Loans in Guizhou Province and Other State- or Guizhou Province-level Plans
Associated
Planning Content of Planning Content of Project Conformity
The Twelfth
Five-Year Plan for
National Economy
and Social
Development of
the People's
Republic of China
Accelerate the
development of
modern agriculture
Accelerate the development of
agricultural infrastructure; propel the
standardized plantation of some
horticultural plants such as vegetables,
fruits, tee and flowers. Enhance the
level of development in animal
husbandry to increase the proportion
of output value of animal husbandry;
promote the industrialization of
agriculture, help and strengthen the
processing and distribution industry of
agricultural products, and meanwhile
provide endorsement for the
professionalization, standardization,
scale expansion and centralization of
the agricultural production
The project centers around the
standardized cultivation of tee,
vegetables, peppers, Dendrobium
nobile, tianma, Salvia, bamboo
fungus, virus-free potato,
development of animal husbandry
and poultry such as sheep and
chicken breeding, the
establishment of relevant
infrastructure such as open fair,
rural roads, impounding reservoir
and rural cooperative and
preliminary processing industry of
agricultural products in an effort
to drive the agricultural industry
in the poor areas to realize the
industrialization development
In line with
the plan
Accelerate the
innovation of
agricultural science
and technologies
Strengthen the high-efficient
cultivation, prevention and control of
epidemic diseases, and the integrated
innovation of science and
technologies, as well as its promotion
and application; speed up the
agricultural mechanization to stimulate
the integration of agricultural
machinery and agronomy
During the implementation of the
project, the prevention and control
of plant diseases and insect pests
in an eco-friendly way, and the
introduction of mechanical
operation and scientific training
during the development of
cultivation industry shall be
adopted to speed up the scientific
In line with
the plan
4
and technological development of
agriculture in the areas
Complete the
socialized
agriculture service
system
Strengthen the establishment of public
service ability of agriculture and
accelerate the completion of counties
and towns and the promotion of
agricultural technologies in regions,
the prevention and control of animal
and plant epidemic diseases, and
establishment of public service
organizations such as the organization
for supervision and management on
the quality of agricultural products
During the implementation of the
project, the planning team
suggests to establish the
cooperatives, build the publication
platform of product and market
information, register the green
products, establish the products
storage markets and promote
public service.
In line with
the plan
Consolidate the
enhancement of
family income
Encourage farmers to optimize the
planting and cultivation structure,
increase the level of production and
operation and economic profits; enable
farmers to reasonably share the
agricultural products processing and
circulate the value-added profits via
the development of agricultural
industrialization and new agricultural
cooperatives; enhance the unique
high-efficient agriculture in
accordance with situations of different
regions.
Farmers’ income can be increased
by combining the cultivation by
private investors and breeding
aquatics villages, developing
some effective agricultural
products like tea, pepper,
Dendrobium nobile, Tianma,
Salvia, bamboo fungus, virus-free
potato, etc. and extensively and
comprehensively developing and
establishing the rural
cooperatives.
In line with
the plan
Strengthen the
establishment of
Comprehensively strengthen the
construction of water conservancy
The project involves the
construction of rural roads and
In line with
the plan
5
infrastructure in
rural areas
works, establishment of rural roads
and the construction of new villages
supported by hydropower,
electrization counties and small-scale
hydropower replacing fuels project
and so on.
roads for production,
establishment of water
Infrastructure, improvement of
investment environment in rural
areas and promotion of rural
development
Stimulate the
comprehensive
improvement of
rural areas
Manage non-point source pollution
arising out of the use of pesticides,
fertilizers and agricultural films and
comprehensively stimulate the
pollution prevention in livestock
industry.
During the implementation of the
project, promote the eco-friendly
way of prevention and control and
training classes for farmers,
strengthen the reasonable
utilization of pesticides and
chemical fertilizers, and suggest
forage grass planting and feasible
measures for the prevention and
government of pollution arising
out of the pollutants from
livestock and poultry breeding
industry and destruction of
ecosystem to effectively reduce
non-point source pollution
In line with
the plan
National Program
for Rural Poverty
Alleviation (2011
-2020)
Purposes and Tasks
To realize people living in poor areas
have enough food to eat and enough
clothes to wear, guarantee the
compulsory education, basic need for
medical care and houses by 2020. The
growth rate of per capita net income
The overall purposes of the
project is to develop the
high-output and high value-added
ecological industries, promote the
adjustment of industrial structure
in the continuous poor areas,
In line with
the plan
6
shall be higher than the national
average rate, and the main indicators
of basic public services shall also be
close to the average level of the
country. Meanwhile, the basic
farmland and irrigation and water
conservancy, special competitive
industries, water safety and
transportation shall be put high priority
during the poverty relief project.
realize the continuable income
increase of poor farmers and
protection of ecological
environment, make demonstration
and promote the methods and
modes of poverty relief in the
continuous poor areas of China
Scope of Targets
The rural population with ability to
work and under the poverty relief
standards shall be the main target of
the poor very relief project, and the
project shall center on the key counties
and poor villages in the contiguous
poor areas (including the Mount.
Wument areas)
Five counties covered by the
project are all listed in the
nation-specified poor counties
located in the Mount Wumeng
continous poor regions, in which,
there are lots of poor villagers
with out of date infrastructure,
poor ability of withstanding
natural disasters, single industries,
outdated technologies and poor
management.
In line with
the plan
Poverty Relief by
Industry
Develop the special industries, carry
out the poverty alleviation projects by
science and technologies, complete the
establishment of basic infrastructure
and develop the education and culture
projects; improve the public hygiene
and population service management,
complete the social security system
and emphasize the establishment of
Via the standardized, centralized
and large-scaled development of
the special rural cooperatives in
the project areas funded by the
grants with conditions, the project
enhances the 7 leading industries
with remarkable local
characteristics and advantages
such as tea, pepper, dendrobium
In line with
the plan
7
resources and ecological environment. nobile, Tianma, Salvia, bamboo
fungus, virus-free potato, etc.,
provides aid for the professional
cooperatives to implement the
green trademark registration and
offer help to guide logistics,
processing industry and markets;
it shall also extend the industry
chain and make sure the
implementation of environmental
pollution control during the
project.
Poverty Relief by
Society and
International
Collaboration
Enhance the fixed-point poverty
alleviation, promote the cooperation of
poverty relief between eastern and
western areas, and mobilize enterprises
and various social industries to
participate into the poverty relief
activities; carry out the collaboration
of poverty alleviation based on the
international poverty reduction theory
and practices to share experience and
jointly promote the development of
poverty reduction work.
The project is funded by the
World Bank and domestic
financial funds for poverty
alleviation. While bringing the
investment of the World Bank
into China to enhance investment
in poverty relief projects, it can
also set a good example via close
and enhanced cooperation with
the World Bank, to arouse more
attention of many other
international financial
organizations to the problems of
poverty inching, invest more
money in the establishment of
continuous poor areas, and
compensate for the lack financial
anti-poverty fund. Meanwhile, it
In line with
the plan
8
can also help us learn the mature
experience and practices about the
development of agricultural
industry and peasant associations
around the world to explore the
new mechanism, new system and
new mode of reducing poverty
through industrial development
with Chinese characteristics in
combination with the actual
situation of the Chinese poor
areas.
Outline of Twelfth
Five-Year Plan for
National Economy
and Social
Development of
Guizhou Province
Enhancement of
Self-development
Capability in Poor
Areas
Insist on the development-oriented
poverty reduction policy and
remarkable promotion of industrialized
poverty alleviation centering around
agriculture to propel the capability of
self-development in poor areas.
Strengthen the programming guidance
and encourage the combination of
whole counties (villages) to promote
poverty reduction and development in
continuous areas, and enhance the
level of poverty alleviation through
agricultural industrialization. Compile
and meanwhile carry out the special
planning on poverty relief in Mount.
Wuyi, Wumeng and Miaoling
(including Mount Mashan and
Yaoshan, speed up the poverty-relief
The poverty relief projects slated
to be carried out this time will be
launched in the 5 counties along
the Mount Wumeng areas and
they are all crucial in accelerating
the poverty alleviation work in
continuous and special poor areas.
In line with
the plan
9
program in continuous poor areas and
destitute areas to accelerate the steps
of poverty alleviation
Great Development
of Advantageous
Agriculture
Being market-oriented and highlight
the advantages in resources and
consolidate the development of
traditional agricultural products.
Enhance the quality of agricultural
products and promote the large-scale
production.
●accelerate the development of
ecological animal husbandry. Stabilize
the development of sheep and cattle
breeding industry in a bid to establish
the special cultivation industry.
Enhance the standardization of
establishment of livestock farms
(community) as well as establishment
of elite breeding system, animal
epidemic prevention and forage bases.
Remarkably carry out the promotion
project of ecological livestock
breeding and make greatest efforts to
build a group of large-scaled,
standardized and industrialized
production bases for good-quality pork
pigs, mutton sheep and beef cattle and
poultry production bases with local
characteristics, in a bid to make the
The project centers around the
standardized cultivation of tea,
vegetables, peppers, Dendrobium
nobile, tianma, Salvia, bamboo
fungus, virus-free potato,
development of animal husbandry
and poultry such as sheep and
chicken breeding, the
establishment of relevant
infrastructure such as open fair,
rural roads, impounding reservoir
and rural cooperative and
preliminary processing industry of
agricultural products in an effort
to drive the agricultural industry
in the poor areas to realize the
industrialization development
In line with
the plan
10
whole province a place on the
cutting-edge of the ecological animal
husbandry.
●strengthen the vegetable industry.
Enhance the establishment of
standardized system and greatly
develop the high-quality pollution-free
(green) vegetables.
●develop and strengthen the tee
industry. Give high priority to the
development and production of
high-quality green tee, and continue
consolidating the establishment of
high-quality ecological tea production
base to improve the production scale
and level of standardization.
●lay special emphasis on the potato
industry. Center around 42 counties
which have been specified as the
national potato production bases to
accelerate the establishment of elite
breeding systems and production bases
of virus-free potato, greatly develop
the processing of potato products, and
build Guizhou into a province with the
largest Potato output and production
base in the South, as well as the
biggest base for the supply of
virus-free potato seeds and most
important processing base. By 2050,
the cultivated areas of potato will
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reach 11 million acres.
●greatly develop the fruit industry,
traditional Chinese medicinal
materials, high-quality fruits and dried
fruits such as walnut, chestnut;
promote in an active way the
improvement of camellia varieties and
large-scaled cultivation, enlarge and
meanwhile standardize the planting of
traditional Chinese medicinal materials
to establish a ground of standardized
production bases. By 2015, the
cultivation areas of fruit trees, camellia
and traditional Chinese medicinal
materials will reach 5 million, 3
million and 3 million acres
respectively.
Enhancement of
Establishment of
Modern Agricultural
Service System
Centering around the agricultural
technology promotion agencies at all
levels and based on the rural
cooperative economic organization,
the government shall remarkably
promote the establishment of
agricultural technology popularization
system at the local level with the
participation of multiple units and
organizations and accelerate the
establishment of quality
standardization system of agricultural
products and meanwhile carry out the
78 professional rural
cooperatives and 4 trade markets
for agricultural products are slated
to be built this time; the market
expansion studies and researches
and market development activities
will be also enhanced to increase
quality standards, identification
and authentication system, brand
promotion and food safety and so
on. Meanwhile, the regulatory
capability of agricultural products
In line with
the plan
12
certification of geographical indication
for pollution-free, green and organic
food and agricultural products. It shall
also enhance the regulatory capacity to
monitor and manage the safety and
quality of agricultural products, and
complete the supervision and
inspection system of the agricultural
quality and safety. Meanwhile, the
government shall propel the
establishment of the major diseases
prevention and control system for
animals and plants as well as the early
warning and monitoring system of
pests to comprehensively improve the
effective control of major animal and
plant epidemics and prevention of
major plant diseases, pests and rats.
Improvement of agricultural
information service system and
enhancement of agricultural products
circulation system are also the very
important task that shall be fulfilled by
the government
quality and safety shall be also
strengthened to complete the
management and control,
inspection and detection
mechanism
Twelfth Five-Year
Development
Planning for
Poverty
Alleviation of
Guizhou Province
Purposes and Tasks
Purpose: promote the comprehensive
economic strength in poor areas, living
standards and quality of people
plagued by poverty; bring the
protection of ecological environment
and development of poverty
The overall purposes of the
project is to develop the
high-output and high value-added
ecological industries, promote the
adjustment of industrial structure
In line with
the plan
13
alleviation into a higher level, and
remarkably improve the development
environment and conditions in poor
areas and effectively curb the trend of
enlarged gap in economic and social
development and enhance the
capability of self-development in a bid
to realize the final goals of enough
food, clothes, compulsory education,
basic medical care and housing
security and thus lay a solid
foundation for the establishment of a
moderately prosperous society.
Tasks: center around the overall
poverty relief purposes of the 12th
5-year plan, and remarkably carry out
the poverty relief and development
strategy centering on the “Guideline of
Less Child Birth And Faster Steps Of
Getting Rich, assisted by “The Project
of Poverty Reduction through
Industrial Development and Labor
Force Transfer Training and
Employment and Start-up Projects,
and supplemented by “Three one-cell
engineering” and “The Promotion
Project of Public Service
Equalization”
in the continuous poor areas,
realize the continuable income
increase of poor farmers and
protection of ecological
environment, make demonstration
and promote the methods and
modes of poverty relief in the
continuous poor areas of China
Scope of Targets During the 12
th five-year plan,
Guizhou province has laid a special
Five counties covered by the
project are all listed in the
In line with
the plan
14
emphasis on the poverty relief projects
in 65 especially poor counties
(districts, cities) connected each other
along Mount Wuling, Mount Wumeng
and rocky and decertified area in
Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou
province and gave high priority to 50
key counties included in the national
plan for poverty alleviation through
development. The major targets of the
poverty alleviation projects in rural
areas are those with per capita net
income lower than the national levels
and with ability to work.
nation-specified poor counties
located in the Mount Wumeng
continuous poor regions, in
which, there are lots of poor
villagers with out of date
infrastructure, poor ability of
withstanding natural disasters,
single industries, outdated
technologies and poor
management.
Poverty Relief by
Industry
With the market as a guide, resources
as foundation and science and
technologies as supports, natural
regionalization and industrial planning
as basis to focus on specialty and
large-scale development, the project
will enhance the strength of finance
discount and credit financing and
greatly develop the advantages of poor
areas and special industries, and focus
on the establishment of poverty relief
system by special industries which
combines production, processing and
marketing. Center around the
establishment of the national important
walnut base in the South, national
Via the standardized, centralized
and large-scaled development of
the special rural cooperatives in
the project areas funded by the
grants with conditions, the project
enhances the 7 leading industries
with remarkable local
characteristics and advantages
such as tea, pepper, dendrobium
nobile, Tianma, Salvia, bamboo
fungus, virus-free potato, etc.,
provides aid for the professional
cooperatives to implement the
green trademark registration and
offer help to guide logistics,
processing industry and markets;
In line with
the plan
15
important province with grassland
ecological animal husbandry, largest
potato producing area in China, major
camellia oleifera production base in
China and major vegetables cultivation
areas in China to fully utilize the
diversified biological resources in poor
mountainous areas and good
conditions of stereoscopic agriculture
it shall also extend the industry
chain and make sure the
implementation of environmental
pollution control during the
project.
Poverty Relief by
Society and
International
Collaboration
Enhance the fixed-point poverty
alleviation, promote the cooperation of
poverty relief between eastern and
western areas, and mobilize enterprises
and various social industries to
participate into the poverty relief
activities; carry out the collaboration
of poverty alleviation based on the
international poverty reduction theory
and practices to share experience and
jointly promote the development of
poverty reduction work.
The project is funded by the
World Bank and domestic
financial funds for poverty
alleviation. While bringing the
investment of the World Bank
into China to enhance investment
in poverty relief projects, it can
also set a good example via close
and enhanced cooperation with
the World Bank, to arouse more
attention of many other
international financial
organizations to the problems of
poverty inching, invest more
money in the establishment of
continuous poor areas, and
compensate for the lack financial
anti-poverty fund. Meanwhile, it
can also help us learn the mature
experience and practices about the
development of agricultural
In line with
the plan
16
industry and peasant associations
around the world to explore the
new mechanism, new system and
new mode of reducing poverty
through industrial development
with Chinese characteristics in
combination with the actual
situation of the Chinese poor
areas.
Development and
Poverty
Alleviation
Planning of Mount
Wumeng Poor
Areas (2011-2020)
Scope of Planning
38 counties (cities, districts) along the
adjacent areas of Sichuan, Guizhou
and Yunnan Province, among which,
13 counties belong to Sichuan
Province, 10 counties (cities, districts)
are within Guizhou province and 15
counties (cities, districts) belong to
Yunnan. The ten counties (cities,
districts) plus one town include:
Qixingguan District, Dafang County,
Qianxi County, Zhijin County,
Nayong County, Haozhang County,
Weining County, Chishui City, Xishui
County, Tongzi County and Dawan
Town in Zhongshan District
Five counties covered by the
project are all listed in the
nation-specified poor counties
located in the Mount Wumeng
continuous poor regions. They are
Chishui, in Zunyi City, Xishui
County, Tongzi County, Dafang
County in Bijie City, and Zhijin
County. There are lots of poor
villagers living in these areas with
out of date infrastructure, poor
ability of withstanding natural
disasters, single industry, outdated
technologies and poor
management.
In line with
the plan
Development
Purposes
By 2015, the number of people
plagued by poverty will be halved; the
operation mechanism and system
advantageous to poverty relief, eco
system and overall development of
population will be established
The overall purposes of the
project is to develop the
high-output and high value-added
ecological industries, promote the
adjustment of industrial structure
in the continuous poor areas,
In line with
the plan
17
preliminarily. By 2020 with the aid of
the project, people living in the poor
areas will have enough food and
clothes and enjoy compulsory
education, basic medical care and
housing security.
realize the continuable income
increase of poor farmers and
protection of ecological
environment, make demonstration
and promote the methods and
modes of poverty relief in the
continuous poor areas of China
Industrial
Development
Insist on the market-oriented methods
and depend on the advantages of
resources, develop the supporting
industries with special characteristics,
and carry on industry transfer
according to local conditions and
situations; promote the centralized
development of industrial parks, adjust
and optimize the industrial structure,
develop circular economy, establish
the industrial system with local
features and speed up the development
of local economy.
The industry selection shall be
carried out in a good way in
accordance with the principle of
combining the long- and
short-term targets, i.e. to make
sure the long-term industrial
development of the project areas
but meanwhile make sure farmers
can increase income and get rid of
poverty in a short term. Consider
farmers’ income and meanwhile
protect the local eco system
effectively when selecting and
developing industries, and make
sure the soil and water loss and
desertification to be controlled
effectively and geological
disasters to be prevented to a
certain degree. In the end by
comprehensive comparison, 7
industries known as tea, pepper,
dendrobium nobile, Tianma,
Salvia, bamboo fungus, virus-free
In line with
the plan
18
potato are singled out as the
leading industries for the areas
Enhancement of
Basic Production
and Living
Conditions in Rural
Areas
Center on improving the life quality of
rural residents, greatly enhancing the
producing and living conditions in
rural areas and carry out in a positive
way the establishment of small towns
and villages. Lay emphasis on the
improvement of production conditions
in rural areas, enhancement of living
environment and establishment of
small cities, towns and villages.
The project involves the
re-establishment and hardening of
rural roads and establishment of
water conservancy facilities,
promotion of trickle irrigation,
eco-friendly way of prevention
and control, which has remarkable
significance on the improvement
of production conditions in rural
areas with the aid of opening of
markets and trade fairs
In line with
the plan
Ecological
Construction and
Environment
Protection
Place special emphasis on the
protection of natural forests, returning
land from farming to forestry or grass,
management and control of stony
desertification, protection and
cultivation of aquatic organism,
establishment of protection forests,
and comprehensive control and
government of water and soil loss;
utilize the key ecological function
areas in which the development has
been limited by the Planning of the
State and Province-level Major
Function Areas as well as the natural
and cultural conservation areas at all
levels in which the development is
strictly prohibited as the core, and
The establishment of
infrastructure of the project can
ensure no occupation of basic
farmlands; This time, the planting
of forage grass, fruit-bearing
forests, etc. mainly focus on the
arrangement and organization of
wild grass grounds, which don’t
involve any occupation of
high-quality arable lands. The soil
and water loss and desertification
in the regions can be reduced to a
certain degree by planting forage
grass, and fruit-bearing forests.
During the implementation of the
project, promote the eco-friendly
way of prevention and control and
In line with
the plan
19
strengthen the ecological construction
and environment protection in
combination of prevention and
reduction of natural disasters and way
of coping with climate changes in a
bid to establish the ecological security
shelter in the upper reaches of Yangtze
River.
training classes for farmers,
strengthen the reasonable
utilization of pesticides and
chemical fertilizers, and suggest
forage grass planting and feasible
measures for the prevention and
government of pollution arising
out of the pollutants from
livestock and poultry breeding
industry and destruction of
ecosystem to effectively reduce
non-point source pollution
20
1.3. Associated Policies, Laws and Regulations and Standards
1.3.1. Associated Laws and Regulations
The related laws and regulation at national level of this project is same as those of EIA of
Sichuan.
1.3.2 Regulations of Associated Departments
The regulations of related departments at national level of this project are same as those
of EIA of Sichuan.
1.3.3 Guizhou Regional Laws and Regulations
(1) Environmental Protection Regulations of Guizhou Province (2009);
(2) Regulations on the Protection of Basic Farmland of Guizhou Province (1997);
(3) Ecological Function Zoning of Guizhou Province (2005);
(4) Regulations on the Functional Classification of Water Environment along Ground
Water Areas in Guizhou Province (Issued by Guizhou Provincial People's Government in
1994)
(5) Report on the Classification of Environment and Air Quality Functional Areas in
Guizhou Province (Environmental Protection Agency of Guizhou Province, 2001)
(6) Regulations on the Preservation of Cultural Relics (the National People's Congress of
Guizhou Province, September, 2005)
(7) Measures for the Protection and Administration of Wildlife Resources in Guizhou
Province, 1982
(8) Notice of Province People's Government Office on Delivering the Implementation
Measures of Pilot Project of Stripping and Utilizing the Non-Agricultural Construction
Land Plough Layer of Guizhou Province (No. 22 Instruction Issued by Guizhou
Government〔2012〕)
(9) Forest Management Regulations of Guizhou Province (January, 2004)
(10) Forest Regulations of Guizhou Province (March, 2000)
21
(11) Regulations on the Protection of Traditional Culture and Folklore in Guizhou
Province (July, 2002)
(12) Land Management Regulations of Guizhou Province, September 24th
, 2000
(13) Public Notice of Provincial People's Government on the Classification of Key
Prevention Areas of Water and Soil Loss (No. [1998]52 Instruction Issued by Guizhou
Government)
(14) Regulations on the Xishui National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province
(15) Regulations on the Functional Areas Classification of Ground Water Environment in
Zunyi (Revised in 2011)
(16) Regulations on the Functional Areas Classification of Ground Water Environment in
Bijie (No. [2004]32 Instruction Issued by Bijie Government)
1.3.4 Technological Basis
The related technical basis of this project is the same as those of EIA of Sichuan.
1.3.5 Policies and Guidelines of World Bank
(1)Operation Policy on Environmental Assessment(OP 4.01);
(2)Operation Policy on— Natural Habitat(OP4.04);
(3)Operation Policy on Pest Management (OP4.09);
(4)General Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines
(5)Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Mammalian Livestock Production
(6)Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines For Annual Corp Production
(7)Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines For Food and Beverage Processing
1.3.6 Relevant Plans and Documents
(1) The Twelfth Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the
People’s Republic of China
22
(2) Outline for Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development in China (2011-2020);
(3) National Modern Agriculture Development Plan (2011-2015) (GF〔2012〕 No.4);
(4) Regional Development and Poverty Alleviation Plan for Wumeng Mountain Region
(2011-2020);
(5) The Twelfth Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of
Guizhou Province;
(6) The Twelfth Five-year Poverty Alleviation and Development Plan of Guizhou
Province;
(7) The “Twelfth Five-year” Special Plan for Featured Agriculture Development of
Guizhou Province;
(8) The “Twelfth Five-year” Construction Plan for Industrial Poverty Alleviation in
Ecological Animal Husbandry of Guizhou Province;
(9) The “Twelfth Five-year” Construction Plan for Virus-free Potato Industrial Poverty
Alleviation of Guizhou Province;
(10) Feasibility Study Report for Guizhou Project of Industrial Poverty Alleviation Pilot
Projects Loaned by the World Bank in Poverty-stricken Areas in China; June, 2014.
(11) Power of Attorney, Foreign Capital Project Management Center of the Poverty
Alleviation and Development Office of Guizhou Province, February, 2014;
(12) Environmental Impact Assessment Outline for the Sixth Session of Poverty
Alleviation Project of the World Bank;
(13) Industry Water Consumption Quota of Guizhou Province (DB52/T725-2011)。
1.4 Evaluation Standards
Most general assessment standards of this Project are the same as Sichuan Environmental
Impact Assessment, but the environment assessment standards for this Project shall still
be completely reserved for the convenient implementation of the Project.
1.4.1 Standards of Ground Water Environment
23
(1) Standards for the Quality of Ground Water Environment
Based on the Regulations on the Functional Classification of Water Environment along
Ground Water Areas in Guizhou Province (No. 22 Instruction[1994]issued by Guizhou
government, Regulations on the Functional Areas Classification of Ground Water
Environment in Zunyi (Revised in 2011) and Regulations on the Functional Areas
Classification of Ground Water Environment in Bijie (No. [2004]32 Instruction Issued by
Bijie Government), the water body in the areas covered by the assessment during the
project belongs to the Class III functional area under the Class III standards of the
Standards on the Quality of Ground Water Environment (GB3838-2002). Please refer
to the Table 1.4-1 for relevant standard values.
Table 1.4-1, Standards on the Quality of Ground Water Environment (Excerpts)
Unit: mg/L (except pH)
Project pH COD BOD5 DO Petroleum NH3-N
Potassium
Permanganate
Index
ClassⅢ
Standards 6~9 20 4 ≥5 0.05 1.0 6
(2) Discharge Standard for Surface Water Environmental Pollutants
Wastewater discharged by enterprises into rivers shall meet the primary standard of the
Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards (GB8978-1996) while wastewater discharged
into agricultural irrigation canals and ditches shall meet Standards for Irrigation Water
Quality (GB5084-2005); additionally, rural wastewater shall meet the three standard of
the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant
(GB18918-2002). Please refer to Table 1.4-2, Table 1.4-3 and Table 1.4-4 for the
standard values.
Table 1.4-2 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards (Excerpts)
Unit: mg/L (except pH)
Project pH COD BOD5 Animal and
Vegetable Oil Petroleum NH3-N SS
Class I
Standard 6~9 100 20 10 5 15 70
Table 1.4-3 Water Quality Standard For Farm Irrigation (Excerpts)
Unit: mg/L (except pH)
Crop
Strains pH COD BOD5
Water
Temperature℃
Number of Fecal
Coliforms/100ml SS
24
hydroponic
crops
5.5~8.5
150 60 35 4000 80
aerobic
cultivation 200 100 35 4000 100
Vegetable 100a,60
b 40
a,15
b 35 2000
a,1000
b 60
a,15
b
Note: a. vegetables that have been processed, cooked and peeled
b. vegetables, cucurbits and vegetables, cucurbits and fruits that can be eaten
directly without being cooked that can be eaten directly without being cooked
Table 1.4-4 Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Plant (Extract)
Unit: mg/L (Except pH)
Item pH COD BOD5 Animal and
Vegetable Oil Petroleum NH3-N SS
three
Standard 6~9 120 60 20 15 - 50
1.4.2 Standards on the Evaluation of Ambient Air
(1) Standards on the Quality of Ambient Air
The air quality in the areas covered by the project is regulated by the Standards on the
Quality of Ambient Air (GB3095-1996) and Class II Standards revised in 2000 prior to
2016. After 2016, it shall be managed by the Class II Standards of the Standards on the
Quality of Ambient Air (GB3095-2012); characterization factors HS and NH implement
the Highest Allowable Concentration Standards of Harmful Substances in the Residential
Areas under the Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises (TJ36-79).
The relevant standard values are as what the Table 1.4-4 shows:
Table 1.4-5 Standards of Evaluation on the Status Quo of the Ambient Air Quality
Unit: mg/m³
Evaluation
Factor
Daily
Average
Value
Average
Value/H
Highest Allowable
Concentration/Time Remarks
SO2 0.15 0.50 / Class II Standards in
GB3095-1996 and 2000 revised
version
NO2 0.08 0.24 /
PM10 0.15 / /
TSP 0.30 / /
SO2 0.15 0.50 / GB3095-2012 Class II
25
NO2 0.08 0.20 / Standards
PM10 0.15 / /
TSP 0.30 / /
NH3 / / 0.20 TJ36-79
H2S / / 0.01
(2) Discharge Standards of Ambient Air
The discharge of exhaust gas shall be regulated by the Class II Standards of Emission
Standards for Odor Pollutants (GB14554-1993) and Class II Standards of the Integrated
Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB16297- 1996). Please refer to Table 1.4-5 for
standard values:
Table 1.4-5 Emission Standards of Atmospheric Pollutants during the Project
Unit: mg/m3, Odor Concentration Dimensionless
Pollutants
Highest Allowable
Emission
Concentration
(Organized,
15mexhaust Funnel)
Unorganized Emission,
Monitoring Concentration
Limits Standards
Concentrat
ion
(mg/m3)
Rate of
Speed
(Kg/H)
Monitory Point Concentration
(Mg/M3)
SO2 550 2.6 Highest
Concentration
Point Outside
Perimeter
0.40 GB16297-
1996
Class II
NO2 240 0.77 0.12
TSP 120 3.5 1.0
NH3 / 4.9 Concentration
Limits Within
The Factory
Boundary
1.5 GB14554-
1993
Class II
H2S / 0.33 0.06
Odor
Concentration / 2000 20
The rural tourism of the Project includes catering, and the cooking fume in this Project
shall meet the Emission Standard of Cooking Fume (GB18483-2001), and the regulations
thereof are listed in Table 1.4-7 and Table 1.4-8.
Table 1.4-7 Emission Standard of Cooking Fume (GB18483-2001): Size Division of
Catering Units
Size Small-sized Medium-sized Large-sized
26
Standard Number of Cooking
Ranges ≥1, <3 ≥3,<6 ≥6
Corresponding Gross Power of the
Cooking Ranges (108J/h) 1.67 ,<5.00 ≥5.00,<10 ≥10
Total Projected Area of the
Corresponding Exhaust Hood Face
(m2)
≥1.1,<3.3 ≥3.3,<6.6 ≥6.6
Table 1.4-8 Maximum Permissive Fume Discharge Concentration and
Minimum Removal Efficiency of Fume Purification Facilities
Size Small-sized Medium-sized Large-sized
Maximum Permissive Discharge
Concentration (mg/m3) 2.0
Minimum Removal Efficiency of
Fume Purification Facilities
(%)
60 75 85
1.4.3 Evaluation Standards of Acoustic Environment
(1) Quality Standards of Acoustic Environment
The project is carried out in rural areas and acoustic environment is regulated in
accordance with the Class II Standards of Quality Standards of Acoustic Environment
(GB3096-2008). The relevant standard values are as what Table 1.4-6 demonstrates:
Table 1.4-6 Standards of Evaluation on the Status Quo of Acoustic Environment Quality
Unit: dB (A)
Time Frame
Standards Daytime Nighttime
GB3096-2008 Class II 60 50
(2) Discharge Standards of Acoustic Environment
The noise displacement during the project is regulated by the Table 1 Standards of
Emission Standard of Environment Noise for Boundary of Construction site
(GB12523-2011). Please refer to Table 1.4-7 for more details.
27
Table 1.4-7 Emission Standard of Environment Noises for Boundary of Construction site
Unit: dB (A)
Daytime Nighttime
70 55
The industrial enterprises noise is regulated by the Class II Standards of Emission
Standard of Environment Noises for Industrial Enterprises (GB12348-2008). Please refer
to Table 1.4-8 for more details.
Table 1.4-8, Implementation Standards of Industrial Enterprises Noise
Unit: dB (A)
Time Frame
Standards Daytime Nighttime
GB12348-2008 Class II 60 50
1.4.4 Standards on the Quality of Underground Water
The underground water environment in the areas covered by the project is regulated by
the Class III Standards in the Standards on the Quality of Underground Water
(GB/T14848-93). Please refer to Table 1.4-9 for more details.
Table 1.4-9 Standards of Evaluation on the Status Quo of the Underground Water
Environment Quality
Standards Implementation
Level Project Standards Value
Standards of
Underground
Water Quality
(GB/T14848-93)
Class Ⅲ
pH 6.5~8.5
Permanganate Index ≤3.0g/L
Total Hardness ≤450mg/L
Iron ≤0.3mg/L
Manganese ≤0.1mg/L
Sulfate ≤250mg/L
Chloride ≤250mg/L
Nitrate ≤20mg/L
Nitrite ≤0.02mg/L
Fluoride ≤1.0mg/L
Arsenic ≤0.05mg/L
Mercury ≤0.001mg/L
28
1.4.5 Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding
(GB18596-2001)
At present, there is Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding
(GB18596-2001) aiming at pollutant discharge in livestock and poultry breeding.
Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding (GB18596-2001)
specifies its applicable range as follows “the Standard is applicable to pollutant discharge
in intensive livestock and poultry farm and culture zone nationwide, and to environment
impact assessment, and design, completed acceptance of environmental protection
devices, and discharge management after its commissioning.” Scale classification of
livestock and poultry farm and culture zone used in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for
Livestock and Poultry Breeding (GB18596-2001) are shown in Table 1.4-10 and 1.4-11.
Table 1.4-10 Use Scale of Intensive Livestock and Poultry Farm
(calculated by breeding amount)
Category
Scale Classification
Swine (Nr.)
(above 25kg)
Chicken (Nr.) Cattle (Nr.)
Laying
hen
Broiler
chicken Adult cow Beef cattle
Class I ≥3000 ≥100000 ≥200000 ≥200 ≥400
Class II 500≤Q<3000 15000≤Q
<100000
30000≤Q
<200000 100≤Q<200 200≤Q<400
Table 1.4-11 Use Scale of Intensive Livestock and Poultry Culture Zone
(calculated by breeding amount)
Category
Scale
Classification
Swine (Nr.)
(above 25kg)
Chicken (Nr.) Cattle (Nr.)
Laying hen Broiler
chicken Adult cow Beef cattle
Class Ⅰ ≥6000 ≥200000 ≥400000 ≥400 ≥800
Class Ⅱ 3000≤Q<
6000
100000≤
Q
<200000
200000≤Q
<400000
200≤Q<
400
400≤Q<
800
Note: Q means breeding quantity
29
The largest farming scale of the project: both intensive chicken farm (capacity: 11,000
chicken per farm) and free-ranging of sheep (84 sheep at most per household) are smaller
than the minimum farming scale of intensive livestock and poultry farms and aquiculture
areas appropriate to Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding
(GB 18596-2001); as a result, pollutant discharge resulting to breeding in the project does
not apply to provisions in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry
Breeding (GB 18596-2001). According to site investigation, many farmlands spread in
the project area and breeding generated wastewater could be used for farmland
fertilization and irrigation after collecting and fermentation treatment. According to
wastewater discharge whereabouts, wastewater from breeding shall abide by provisions
in Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005) and solid waste should be used
as organic fertilizers after being thoroughly decomposed.
HSE Guide in Mammal Livestock Farming has put forward discharge standards of
wastewater from livestock and poultry breeding and for the convenience of supervision of
wastewater in the project operation phase, it is now specially comparing the wastewater
discharge standards in HSE Guide in Mammal Livestock Farming and Standards for
Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005), with the results as shown in Table 1.4-12.
Table 1.4-12 Comparison of World Bank and Domestic Standards ---
Wastewater Composition of Livestock Farming
Pollution Factor Unit Poultry ESH
Guide
Standards for Irrigation Water Quality
(GB5084-2005)
Paddy Field
Crop
Dry Land
Crop
Vegetables
pH pH 6-9 5.5-8.5
Biochemical
Oxygen Demand mg/L 50
60 100 40a,15
b
Chemical Oxygen
Demand mg/L 250
150 200 100 a,60
b
Total Nitrogen mg/L 10 / / /
Total Phosphorus mg/L 2 / / /
Grease mg/L 10 / / /
Total Suspended mg/L 50 80 100 60a,15
b
30
Solid
Temperature Rise ℃ <3b / / /
Total Escherichia
Coli MPN
a/100mL 400
/ / /
Remarks: definitions of a and
b in the ESH Guide: a refers to MPN = Most Probable
Number; and b means the elevation of temperature at the edge of the mixing zone
affirmed by scientific method under the premises of comprehensively considering
ambient water quality, application of receiving waters, potential acceptors and
assimilative capacity.
However, according to Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005), a
indicates processed, cooked and peeled vegetable and b refers to uncooked vegetable and
fruit, as well as herbal fruit.
For the standards of wastewater discharge in HSE Guide in Mammal Livestock Farming
of World Bank, it refers to the discharge standard of livestock breeding wastewater
discharged into surface water after sedimentation + biochemical treatment + (anaerobic +
aerobiotic) + disinfection. Indexes of all pollution factors are more stringent than
Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005). As the project is located in
villages without perfect sewage treatment system, so the discharge standard of livestock
breeding wastewater in HSE Guide in Mammal Livestock Farming of World Bank is not
applicable to the project.
According to the site survey, there are a lot of farmlands and forest lands surrounding the
livestock breeding project, the livestock breeding wastewater can be used for farm
irrigation after sedimentation + simple anaerobic treatment and the Standard for
Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005) is applicable to farm irrigation water supplied
by surface water, underground water, wastewater in breeding industry after treatment,
and industrial wastewater using agricultural materials for processing. In comprehensive
consideration of project sewage discharge, applied standard territoriality and standard
stringency, the sewage discharge standard in livestock and poultry industry shall be
implemented according to Standard for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005).
1.4.6 Agricultural Crops Farming Industry-Associated Standards for Environment
31
The agricultural crops farming industry involves the use of water and fertilizer. The
improper irritation and use of water and fertilizer will definitely lead to environment
pollution in the end. In accordance with the Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines
of Annual Seedling Agricultural Products by World Bank, the nutritional requirement of
the annual seedling agricultural products and water consumption of specific annual
seeding agricultural crops shall be taken into account.
Table 1.4-15 Nutritional Requirement of the Annual Seedling Agricultural Products
(World Bank EHS Handbook)
e Annual Seedling
Agricultural Products
Nutrients/Production (kg/100kg) b
Nitrogen N Phosphorus
P2O5 Potassium K2O
Magnesium
MgO
Frumentum 2.30~3.15 0.94~1.37 1.88~3.62 0.30~0.46
Potato and beets Used
As Feed 0.31 0.10~0.15 0.42~0.79 0.02~0.11
Maize for Feedstuffs 0.38 0.14 0.70 0.08
Alfalfa and Purple
Alfalfa 0.80 0.16 0.70 0.08
Mixture of Green
Forage 0.40 0.14 0.60 0.05
Note: good agricultural practice in Poland, Svebolle Institute of Soil Science and Plant
Cultivation,1999;
bBy-products with appropriate amount
Table 1.4-16 Water Consumption of Specific Annual Seeding Agricultural Crops
(World Bank EHS Handbook)
Annual
Seedling
Agricultural
Products
Water Demand of
Agricultural
Corps b (mm, the
whole stage of
growth)
Typical Production and Efficiency a
Corn 500~800
The economic productivity of better cereal is 6~
9t/hm2 (including 10%~13% of humidity) under the
irrigation conditions. The efficiency of water
utilization of Ey is different from the types of cereal,
which is 0.8~1.6kg/m3.
Sorghum / 450~650 High output can be achieved under the circumstances
32
Proso
Millet
that the irrigation water per hectare is 3.5~5t. The
water use efficiency of Ey is at between 0.6~
1.0kg/m3
Potato 500~700
As to the agricultural corps with a growth period of
120 days under irrigation conditions, the good output
is 25~35t fresh tubers per hectare in temperate and
subtropical regions, and 15~25t in tropical regions.
The water use efficiency of Ey is 4~7kg/m3 if
calculated by the fruits with 70%~75% of water.
Wheat 450~650 (High
Output)
The relatively good output of wheat is 4~6t/hm2
(12%~15% of humidity) under the irrigation
conditions. The water use efficiency of Ey is 0.8~1.0
kg/m3
Note: aFAO (2002a)
bFAO AGL (1991)
Guizhou Province Water-Use Quota about agricultural water-use quota in the Guideline
for Environment, Health and Safety of Annual Seeding Agricultural Product of the World
Bank is not unified in related units, lack of comparability. According to the natures of the
project implementation area, in this evaluation select Guizhou Province Water-Use Quota
is selected as the agricultural irrigation water-use standards; In the part about fertilizer
usage in the Guideline for Environment, Health and Safety of Annual Seeding
Agricultural Product of the World Bank, it has clearly pointed out the demanded quantity
of each kind of nutrient element, and the Detailed Regulation for Total Emission
Reduction of Main Pollutants in the 12th
Five-year Plan of the Ministry of Environmental
Protection has stipulated the environmental absorption ability of each acre of land as
quota criterion, lack of fertilizer usage quota, which is lack of comparability compared
with related standards of the World Bank. After a comprehensive consideration, this
evaluation selects related fertilizer usage standards in the Detailed Regulation for Total
Emission Reduction of Main Pollutants in the 12th
Five-year Plan of the Ministry of
Environmental Protection.
1.4.7 Associated Environment Standards of Processing Industry
The projects associated with processing industry mainly involve the primary processing
of tee, pepper, traditional Chinese medicinal materials, etc. In accordance with the
Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines of Food and Drink Processing by World
33
Bank, the emission of PM (particulate matter) by the food processing enterprises with a
need to discharge smoke shall not be higher than 50mg/m3
under normal conditions,
which is more stringent than the emission limits of 120mg/m3
stipulated by the Class II
Standards of the Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB16297- 1996). As far
as the environmental protection and long-term development of enterprises are concerned,
the environment evaluation suggests the emission of PM in the exhaust gas shall be in
line with the standard of ≤50 mg/m3, while the rest of the factors are regulated by the
Class II standards of the Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB16297-
1996). As to the emission of waste water, the Table One in the Environment, Health and
Safety Guidelines of Food and Drink Processing shows the discharge level of waste water
by food and drink processing enterprises. Please refer to Table 1.4-17 for more details.
Table 1.4-17 Discharge Level of Waste Water by Food and Drink Processing
Industry (World Bank EHS Handbook)
Pollutants Unit Standard Values
pH pH 6~9
BOD5 mg/L 50
COD mg/L 250
Total Nitrogen mg/L 10
Total Phosphorus mg/L 2
Oil And Fat mg/L 10
Total Suspended Solids mg/L 50
Temperature Increment ℃ <3b
Total Coliform Group MPNa/100mL 400
Active Constituents/Antibiotic Decided by Different Situations
Note: aMPN= Maximum Possible Number of Coliform; bMeasured along the edge of pollutant mixing zone. The zone is established in a scientific way
and meanwhile takes the water quality in the environment after discharge, application of
receiving waters, potential acceptors and assimilative capacity into account
Table 1.4-17 shows the standard values about the discharge of waste water by food and
processing industry stipulated by the Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines of Food
and Drink Processing, and in comparison with the Water Quality Standard for Farm
Irrigation (GB5084-2005) and Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard
(GB8978-1996), only some values are better than the domestic standards. What’s more,
the Water Quality Standard for Farm Irrigation (GB5084-2005) and Integrated
Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) are based on the domestic water
environment and therefore has wider regional characteristics and applicability, and from
the perspective of waste water discharge of projects, the regions to which the standards
apply as well as the severity of standards, the discharge of waste water by the food
34
processing projects shall be regulated by the Class I standards of the Water Quality
Standard for Farm Irrigation (GB5084-2005) or Integrated Wastewater Discharge
Standard (GB8978-1996), while the relevant indicators shall refer to the data in the
Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines of Food and Drink Processing.
1.4.8 Evaluation Standards on Soil and Water Loss
The Evaluation Standards on Soil and Water Loss uses the average soil loss for several
years in the project areas as reference, and makes classification according to Table 1.4-18
Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China-Standards on the Soil Erosion
Classification (SL190-2007)
Table 1.4-18 Standards on the Classification of Soil Erosion Intensity
LEVEL AVERAGE EROSION MODULUS
[t/(km2·a)]
Micro Degree of Erosion <200,500,1000
Minor Erosion 200,500,1000~2500
Moderate Erosion 2,500~5000
Severe Erosion 5,000~8000
Highly Severe Erosion 8,000~15000
Intense Erosion >15000
1.5 Classification, Level and Scope of Evaluation; Factors and Key
Points of Evaluation
1.5.1Classification of Evaluation
According to the Notice on Enhancing the Management of Environment Evaluation of
the Construction Projects Sponsored by the International Financing Organization Loan
issued by the departments like the State Environmental Protection Administration (No.
324 Instruction [1993]) as well as the terms of Environment Evaluation in the Safety
Safeguard Policy of World Bank OP4.01, the evaluation is divided into three types in
combination with the degree and scope of influence by expectedly established projects on
environment and environmental sensitivity of the regions covered by the project. Please
refer to Table 1.5-1 for more details.
Table 1.5-1 Classification of Evaluation on Environment by Construction Projects
Evaluation
Classification Environment Evaluation Evaluation Content
35
Class A Key disadvantageous influence on
environment by construction projects
This kind of projects shall come
with comprehensive
environment evaluation
Class B
The projects whose scope and
severity of possible disadvantageous
influence on environment is limited
and can be remarkably reduced via
advanced process and mature
prevention measures
Usually This kind of projects
don’t need any comprehensive
environment evaluation, but it
does need special environment
evaluation or analysis on the
environment influence according
to the characteristics of key
elements of projects and
environment
Class C
The construction projects which will
not impose any negative influence or
just minor negative influence on
environment
This kind of projects normally
don’t need to carry out any
environment influence or
environment influence analysis,
and only fulfill the procedures
for the record according to the
regulation of environment
protection management
The project is divided into the Class B (EIA-B) according to the nature, scale and severity
of influence of the project, and the environment characteristics of the regions covered by
the project, as well as the short-term, non-significant and reversible influence of the
project on surroundings.
1.5.2 Evaluation Level
The evaluation level of the project shall be decided by the requirements of environmental
function in the project areas, the characteristics, nature, scale and scope, severity of
influence of project and the technological guidelines for the evaluation of associated
environment evaluation. The evaluation level of the project is shown in Table 1.5-2.
Table 1.5-2 Evaluation Level of Each Special Subject
Evaluation
Subject
Evaluation
Level Basis of Classification
Ecological
Environment Class III
In accordance with the Technical Guidelines for the
Evaluation of Environment Influence·Ecological Influence
(HJ19-2011), the project covers large areas with diversified
ecotypes. but the strength of development is not enough
with farmers as main targets, and the areas it covers are not
36
continuous and centralized; the land used for road
construction is based on village, and adjusted and
distributed internally on the basis of respect for public
opinion and doesn’t involve any land acquisition.
Environmental
Noise Class II
In accordance with the Technical Guidelines for the
Evaluation of Environment Influence·Acoustic
Environment (HJ2.4-2009), the acoustic environment
functional areas covered by the project belong to Class I
and Class II standard areas, the level of Sensitive target
noise within the evaluated scope before and after the
construction project is increased less than 3dB (A) (not
including 3dB (A)), and the population size impacted by
the project is not changed noticeably.
Ground Water
Environment Class III
The discharge source of waste water during the project
mainly includes livestock farmers, and primary processing
factories of tianma, salvia, peppers, dictyophora. Other
pollution is non-point source pollution arising out of
cultivation. According to Technical Guidelines for the
Evaluation of Environment Influence-Water Environment
(HJ/T2.3-93), the discharge of waste water is <1000m3/d
on an average, and pollutants belong to the Non-persistent
ones; the number of water quality parameters that need to
estimate the concentration is <7, while the severity degree
of waste water quality is “simple”. The evaluation level is
decided as Class III.
Underground
Water Class III
The influence of project on underground water mainly
centers on the farming, irrigation and fertilizing. There is
no need to use the underground water during the project.
According to Technical Guidelines for the Evaluation of
Environment Influence-Underground Water Environment
(HJ610-2011), the project belongs to Class I construction
project. The antifouling property of aeration zone is
“moderate and high” while the vulnerability of
water-bearing stratum to pollution within the construction
site is “moderate; no centralized source of underground
living water supply or other sensitive areas of underground
water, so the level of sensitivity is “insensitive”. The
complexity of water quality of the construction project is
“simple”. According to the Technical Guidelines, the
evaluation level is Class III.
Ambient Air Class III The project covers the road and cultivation projects, which
37
will produce the exhaust gas by motor vehicles and odor
pollution. The rural roads are not in good quality and
less than the Fourth Grade, and located at remote areas;
cultivation by different families is adopted instead of by
establishing intensive livestock farms. According to
HJ2.2-2008, Pmax<10% or D10% is < the nearest distance
of pollution source to the boundary of the site. The level of
evaluation on atmospheric environment is Class III.
1.5.3 Scope of Evaluation
The scope of evaluation in the project is shown in Table 1.5-3
Table 1.5-3 Scope of Evaluation
Key
Elements of
Environment
Scope of Evaluation
ecological
environment
Use the complete climate unit, hydrologic unit, ecological unit and
geographical unit boundaries associated with the evaluation projects as
references
Acoustic
Environment
200m outside the construction site during the period of construction,
200m within the both sides of the central line of a road are sensitive spots;
the scope of evaluation for the food processing projects is the areas 200m
outside the construction site while the scope for the livestock breeding
project is within 200m outside the boundaries of breeding houses.
Water
Environment Ground and underground water resources covered by the project areas.
Ambient Air
Areas 200m within both sides of road central line and some sensitive
spots; areas centering on the preliminary processing workshops and 5km
in diameter. As to the livestock and poultry breeding project, within a
square 5km in side length around the breeding houses slated to be built.
Social
Environment
The key places include counties and towns directly influenced by each
sub-projects or counties (cities, districts) indirectly impacted by the
project, and also the infrastructures, resources and landscapes and so on
within an area of 200m on both sides of road central line.
1.5.4 Evaluation Factors
(1) Recognition of Environment Influence
In accordance with the environmental characteristics of the project and the regions it
38
covers, the Results of Comprehensive Recognition of Key Environment Influence
Elements are shown as follows:
Table 1.5-4 Comprehensive Recognition of Key Environment Influence Elements of
Project
Time Frame Engineering
Project Environment Evaluation
Construction
Stage
Preparation
Stage
Arrangement of
Construction
Site,
Establishment
of Construction
Road
●disruption and inconvenience to traffic
and residents
●dust and muddy roads, affecting air
quality and landscape
●washing away of waste slag left by
earth rock excavation
●disturbance to the life and work of
people around
Construction
Stage
Establishment
of Workshops
and Offices
●influence of land use, waste slag,
construction roads and sites on
ecological environment
●influence of environment caused by
noises, dust, waste water and solid
wastes.
Road
Construction
●influence of environment caused by
noises, dust, waste water and solid
wastes.
●influence of land use, waste slag,
construction roads and sites on
ecological environment
Seedling Base
and Cultivation
●destruction of arable land and
vegetation
●water and soil loss
Operation
Stage
Disadvantageous
Influence
Seedling Base
and Cultivation
●non-point source pollution by the use of
pesticides and fertilizers
Road ●environment influence caused by noises
and vehicle exhaust
Cultivation
●pollution caused by livestock manure,
etc.
●influence of cultivation on the demand
of grasslands
●influence of foul smell
Processing
Workshop
●influence caused by noises and waste
water
39
Time Frame Engineering
Project Environment Evaluation
Advantageous
Influence
Seedling Base
and Cultivation
●change the current composition of
industrial crops to enhance farmers’
income
●optimize the current way of cultivation
to reduce environment pollution and
impact on eco system
Road
●improve the regional traffic conditions
to provide convenience for residents and
optimize the structure of villages
●improve the investment environment in
regions to provide aid for sustainable
development
Cultivation
●provide high-quality organic fertilizer
for farmers
●optimize the structure of breeding
houses to effectively dispose of livestock
manure
Processing
Workshop
●enhance the initial processing of
industrial crops to increase farmers’
income.
Generally speaking, the environment influence and pollution caused by the project is
mainly shown by the waste water, solid wastes and exhaust gas, and the other aspects
include noise pollution along the roads or from the processing workshops; the
influence on eco system centers around the natural ecological environment (land use,
water and soil loss and influence on plants and animals), and is embodied secondarily
in social environment such as residents’ travel, traffic, landscape, social economy, etc.
In accordance with the characteristics of environment influence and regions covered by
the project, please see Table 1.5-5 for the qualitative relationship among the influences of
the project on various key elements of environment resources at different stages
Recognition of Evaluation on Environment Influence of the Project and Screening
Matrix
Stage
Project
Activiti
es
Recog
nition
of
Ecological Environment
Physical-Che
mical
Environment
social-economic
environment
40
Influe
nce
Level Land
scape
Vege
tation
Cove
r
Live
s of
Resi
dent
s
Conse
rvatio
n of
Water
and
Soil
No
ise
s
A
ir
Gro
und
Wa
ter
Sol
id
Wa
stes
Ind
ustr
y
Loc
al
econ
omy
Public
Transp
ortation
Emplo
yment
Servic
e
Recognition of
Influence
Level
-Ⅰ -Ⅱ -Ⅱ -Ⅲ -Ⅲ -
Ⅱ -Ⅰ -Ⅰ +Ⅰ +Ⅱ +Ⅲ +Ⅲ
Initial
Stage
Constr
uction
Prepara
tion
-Ⅲ -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -
1 -1 -1 +1 -2 -3 -1
Constr
uction
Stage
Works
hops
and
offices
-Ⅲ -2 -2 -2 -3 -2 -
2 -1 -1 +3 +3 -2 +3
Roadbe
d -Ⅲ -2 -3 -2 -3 -2
-
1 -1 -1 +3 +3 -2 +3
Land
Consoli
dation
-Ⅰ -2 -1 -1 -3 -2 -
1 -3 -1 +3 +3 -2 +3
Materia
l
Transp
ortation
-Ⅰ -1 -1 -2 -1 -2 -
2 -1 +3 +3 -3 +3
Operat
ion
Stage
Transp
ortation -Ⅰ -2 -1 +3 +1 -3
-
2 -1 -1 +3 +3 +3 +3
Plantin
g +Ⅱ +2 +3 +2 +3 +1
+
2 -1 +1 +1 +3 +2 +3
Breedi
ng -Ⅱ -2 -1 +3 -2 -1
-
2 -2 -3 +1 +3 +3
Process
ing
Works
hop
-Ⅰ -1 +2 +1 -2 -
1 -2 -1 +3 +3 +3
Note: (1) single influence recognition: representing the influence of a project activity on an
environment element, and the degree of influence is recognized as follows: + advantageous influence;
-disadvantageous influence; 1: minor influence; 2; general influence; 3, serious influence. (2)
Comprehensive (or accumulative) influence recognition: representing the comprehensive influence of
41
a project activity on the key elements of various environments, or the comprehensive influence of all
project activities of a key environment element. It can be used to decide the selection of evaluation
factors. The degree of influence is recognized as follows: I: minor influence; II: general influence; III:
serious influence.
During the construction period, the impact on environment imposed by project activities
like construction of roads, plants and offices is perpetual, and the rests belong to
temporary impact. The environment influencing key elements during this period are:
ecological environment, water and soil conservation, social environment, water
environment, acoustic environment and air environment.
Environment influence during the operation period will last for a very long time, and the
environment influencing key elements are: acoustic environment, water environment, air
environment, ecological environment and social and economic environment.
(2) Selection of Evaluation Factors
Specify the environment evaluation factors for various key environmental factors by
recognition of environment influence by the project, and combination of
environmental sensitivity along the areas as well as the analysis on the relationship of
mature impact. Please refer to the following table for more details.
Table 1.5-6 Evaluation Factors of Environment Influence
Key Environment
Elements
Evaluation Factors of
Status Quo
Forecast Evaluation
Factors
Total
Quantity
Control
Factors
Acoustic Environment
equivalent sound level at
daytime and nighttime
(Ld、Ln)
equivalent sound level at
daytime and nighttime (Ld、
Ln)
/
Ground
Water
Ground
water
environment
pH, SS, COD, BOD5,
ammonia, nitrogen
pH, SS, COD, BOD5,
ammonia, nitrogen /
Domestic
wastewater
from
construction
site
/ pH、CODcr、BOD5、SS /
Industrial
wastewater
by mixing
stations
/ pH、CODcr、SS、petroleum /
42
Key Environment
Elements
Evaluation Factors of
Status Quo
Forecast Evaluation
Factors
Total
Quantity
Control
Factors
Underground Water
pH, Total hardness,
sulfate, nitrite,
permanganate index,
ammonia, nitrogen
pH, Total hardness, sulfate,
nitrite, permanganate
index, ammonia, nitrogen
Atmosphere SO2、NO2 、PM10、H2S、NH3
CO、NO2、PM10、SO2、
H2S、NH3 /
Solid Wastes
household garbage,
livestock manure , and
solid wastes by planting
straw, etc.
Construction stage:
building debris、household
garbage by constructors;
Operation stage:household
garbage、livestock manure,
solid wastes by planting
straw, etc.
/
Ecological
Environment
Animals
and Plants
Plants, terrestrial
animals, aquatic
organisms
Plants, terrestrial animals,
aquatic organisms /
Land Use Status quo of land use
number of land
occupation, land utilization
layout, agro-ecology
/
Water and
Soil Loss
erosion intensity,
erosion areas, causes of
soil and water loss
amount of soil and water
loss, damage areas of water
conservation facilities,
areas of earth's surface
disturbance, hazards caused
by soil and water loss
Soil Status quo of soil quality
Pollution arising out of
fertilizer and pesticide
application
Landscape Rural and urban
landscape Rural and urban landscape /
Social Environment
Influence
Areas, population size,
output value mineral
resources, tourism
resources, industry,
agriculture,
transportation
population size and
structure, life quality,
secondary development
activity and occupation of
land
/
1.5.5 Key Points of Evaluation
43
It is decided according to the project characteristics and recognition of environment
impact factors, that the environment evaluation of the project shall place an emphasis on
the influence of construction projects on ecological environment, social economy, use of
land and water resources as well as the protection measures and management plans
regarding ecological and water environment.
The ecological influence of the project on agriculture, forestry and prataculture along the
areas before and after the implementation of the project shall be also considered. And this
include the impact arising out of land use, protection of animals and plants resources,
ecological restoration, landscape greening measures, prevention and government of soil
and water losses as well as plantation crops transformation.
The key points of evaluation on acoustic environment are the impact from traffic noises
during the operation stage, noises from processing workshops and major sensitive points
along the areas, and it includes the expected scope and severity of impact and measures
adopted to protect environment.
The evaluation on water environment is mainly to assess the impact brought from the
source of water for agricultural and breeding industries as well as utilization of
ground and underground water resources before and after the project is carried out;
the pollution caused by the use of agrochemicals and pesticides will also be taken into
account.
44
2. Project Description
2.1 Project Objectives, Investment and Implementation Scheduling
2.1.1 Project Objectives
The Project aims at developing typical poverty-stricken areas in Bijie and Zunyi included
in the destitute areas around Wumeng Mountain and at demonstrating the rural pillar
industry development mode as well as implementing poverty alleviation pilot project
loaned by the World Bank in poverty-stricken areas in China. Main targets of the Project
are to strengthen sustainable agricultural production system, improve organizational
arrangements and raise rural income. Five county-level administrative regions (including
3 national poverty-stricken counties given priority in aid) are selected for the Project,
occupying 5.68% of the whole province and counties. The project covers 30 towns and
98 villages, 49,841 farmer households and 194,384 agricultural populations, including
20,305 rural poor households and 64,706 poverty populations, and the total investment of
the Project is RMB 480,000,000. The Project intends to develop high-yield, ecological
and high value-added industries so as to promote the agricultural restructuring in
poverty-stricken areas and achieve ecological environmental protection and the
sustainable increase of rural poor households’ income. Meanwhile, the Project also aims
to demonstrate and promote the methods and modes for industrial poverty alleviation in
poverty-stricken areas in China.
2.1.2 Total Investment and Implementation Scheduling of the Project
The total investment of the Project is RMB 480,000,000, including RMB 240,000,000
loaned by the World Bank (applying for USD 40,000,000 of the World Bank Loan,
namely RMB 240,000,000 (exchange rate: USD 1 = RMB 6), occupying 50% of the total
investment) and RMB 240,000,000 of domestic investment (accounting for 50% o the
capital source).
The Project shall be gradually completed in 5 years from 2015 to 2020. According to the
45
construction plan of the Project, the investment for the first year, the second year, the
third year, the fourth year and the fifth year are respectively RMB 85,890,000, RMB
194,700,000 Yuan, RMB 112,080,000, RMB 65,010,000 and RMB 22,320,000.
2.2 Project Implementation Area
The project totally covers 98 villages of 30 towns in 5 counties of two cities in Guizhou.
For details, see Table 2.2-1 and Figure 2.2-1.
Table 2.2-1 Villages (Towns), Counties and Areas (cities) Involved in This Project
Location County Town Village
Number of
the
Households
Involved
Population Remarks(Town/Village
Name)
Zunyi Chishui 6 19 4000 14240
Wanglong, Baiyun,
Changsha, Shibu,
Guandu & Changqi
Zunyi Tongzi 4 11 8504 40896 Fengshui, Rongguang,
Huaqiu & Gaoqiao
Zunyi Xishui 7 26 3160 12400
Liangcun, Shuanglong,
Yong'an, Guandian,
Taolin, Erli &
Xianyuan
Bijie Dafang 8 19 21849 78928
Lvtang, Dafang,
Niuchang, Manchang,
Lihua, Yangchang,
Wen'ge & Maochang
Bijie Zhijin 5 23 12328 47920
Guiguo,
Xiongjiachang, Baini,
Heitu & Huaqi
Total 30 98 49841 194384
2.3 Main contents and scale
The total investment in this project is RMB480 million, and the project is divided into 4
major subprojects, namely advantaged industrial value chain development, public
infrastructure and service support, agricultural industrialization based poverty-relief
46
mechanism research and development, and project management, monitoring and
evaluation. Therein, the two subprojects involve physical construction activities. (Please
refer to Table 2.3-1).
Table 2.3-1 List of Main Construction Contents and Investment
County Construction contents and scales
Total
investment
(10,000RMB)
%
1.Advantaged industrial value chain development
1.1 Cooperative development
All
counties
selected
for the
project
78 cooperatives will be established, totally covering
8300m2, and having 78 sets of office furniture, file
cabinets, computers, photocopiers, communication,
network, etc.; the management and industrial trainings are
1950 person-times; and, the trainings for the minorities
(peasant household) are 26125 person-times.
2730.10 5.69
1.2 Standardized and large-scale production
Chishui
City
(1) Plantation: Cultivate 4500acres of 13.50 million
dendrobium nobile lindl planting stocks,and purchase seed,
fertilizer and pesticide; construct 4500 acres of shading
facilities for dendrobium nobile lindl; construct 6 storage
warehouses of dendrobium nobile lindl, of which each has
the floor area of 100m2, and 600m
2 totally, and purchase 6
sets of storage rack, measuring instrument, packing
machine, etc.; construct a e-sales platform of dendrobium
nobile lindl; and, build up a brand of dendrobium nobile
lindl.
1861.25 3.88
(2)Breeding: 550000 Chishui black-bone chickens(50
centralized breeding sheds, of which each has 11,000
black-bone chickens); selectively breed 1,000 Chishui
black-bone chickens; construct 20000m2 of standard
breeding sheds of Chishui black-bone chickens (50
centralized breeding sheds, of which each has the area of
400m2); construct 20000m fence guards of breeding
Chishui black-bone chickens(50 centralized breeding
sheds, of which each has the area of 400m); purchase 100
sets of breeding and epidemic prevention equipment of
Chishui black-bone chickens(50 centralized breeding
sheds, of which each has 2 sets); construct a advertising
and marketing network of Chishui black-bone chickens;
1882.00 3.92
47
construct 5 points of sales of Chishui black-bone chicken
products; and, build up a brand of Chishui black-bone
chicken.
Xishui
County
(1)Rural tourism: housing renovation of 100 poor peasant
households in Xianyuan Town, 300-household courtyard
economy in Xianyuan Town, 300 acres of summer-fall
vegetable base in Xianyuan Town, 50 acres of nursery
garden in Xianyuan Town, rural tourism market
development and promotion, propaganda website, tourism
product ordering system
655.00 1.36
(2)Breeding: 50 demonstration breeding households of
grey goats in the northern part of Guizhou, 80 ewes and 4
rams per household; 1220 standard breeding households,
40m2 standard sheds, 10 ewes and one ram per household.
4610.00 9.60
Tongxin
County
(1)Rural tourism: 482-household country hotels,
482-household environmental protection facilities, 1102
acres of recreational orchards and gardens, 103 acres of
green belts of sightseeing gardens, 36950m2 hardening
area of sightseeing gardens, 600m2 rural supermarket, and
12 ponds renovated
1883.54 3.92
(2)Breeding: 0.30 million free-range Huaqiu
chickens(native chickens of Huaqiu Town), 100-200
chickens per household, and 2258 households totally, 0.10
million hatching Huaqiu chickens purchased, 3000
improved Huaqiu chickens, 28120m fence, 13000m2 roost,
health and epidemic prevention equipment, one hatchery,
one brood chamber, 480m2 simple trade fair of Huaqiu
chickens, and Huaqiu chicken product certification.
605.99 1.26
Dafang
County
7000 acres of potato stocks planted, 700000kg of
virus-free potato stocks purchased, 700000kg special
fertilizers; 11000 acres of gastrodia elata bl. planted,
264000kg gastrodia elata bl. seeds purchased, 440000 bags
of shoestring fungus, 300m2
stockpiling of gastrodia elata
bl.; 2500 acres of salvia miltiorrhiza planted, 2500kg
salvia miltiorrhiza seeds purchased, 3 salvia miltiorrhiza
seedling greenhouses, 100m2 stockpiling of salvia
miltiorrhiza; 30000 acres of pepper planted, 15500kg
pepper seeds planted, 11pepper seedling greenhouses,
500m2 storehouse of pepper.
2008.00 4.18
Zhijin
County
500 acres of primary virus-free potato stock propagation
base, 2000 acres of secondary virus-free potato stock 5147.6
10.7
2
48
propagation base, 3000 acres of primary improved
virus-free potato stock propagation base, potato stock,
sprayer, mini tiller, pesticide, fertilizer, etc.; 1600 acres of
dictyophora indusiata fisch planted, dictyophora indusiata
fisch stock purchased, sprayer, pesticide, fertilizer, etc., 4
cold storages for dictyophora indusiata fisch, 500m2 farm
product market for dictyophora indusiata fisch, a brand of
dictyophora indusiata fisch built; 5000 acres of tea planted,
tea seedling purchased, sprayer, pesticide, fertilizer, etc., a
tea brand built.
1.3 Increase of industrial added value (product processing)
Chishui
City
6 dendrobium nobile lindl pre-processing facilities at the
points of origin, of which the floor area is 600m2 each
(removing fibrous roots, branches and leaves→plain
bamboo crate, covered with cattail mat)
90.00 0.19
Dafang
County
(1)3 gastrodia elata bl. pre-processing facilities, of which
floor area is 300m2each (gastrodia elata bl.
grading→rinsing off with clean water→steaming→baking
on a heatable brick bed), 3 sets of facilities constructed and
purchased.
453.00 0.94
(2)2 salvia miltiorrhiza pre-processing facilities, of which
the floor area is 200m2 each(semi-drying in
sunshine→removing soil from roots→stockpiling for
sweating→full drying in sunshine), 2 sets of facilities
constructed and purchased.
324.00 0.68
(3) 7 pepper pre-processing facilities, covering
1000m2(picking, stalk removing→cleaning,
picking→draining→drying→stockpiling), 7 sets of pepper
drying, grading, packaging and processing facilities and
devices.
1170.00 2.44
Zhijin
County
(1)10 sets of pre-processing equipment of dictyophora
indusiata fisch (dictyophora indusiata fisch gathered in
sunny days is dried in the sunshine, while that gathered in
wet days is dried with infrared lamps; and, dictyophora
indusiata fisch after baking is bundled, packed into
double-deck plastic bags, sealed tightly, and stored in a
cool and dark place.) , 10 sets of pre-processing equipment
of dictyophora indusiata fisch.
204.00 0.42
(2)Tea pre-processing, 3200m2 (fresh
leaf→de-enzyming→kneading→drying→packing), and a
tea processing equipment(hot-air de-enzyming unit).
579.00 1.21
49
1.4 Public - private partnership
All
counties
selected
for the
project
Training for cooperatives, peasant household; and,
activities for poor peasant households and farmer groups
(visit, investigation, communication, symposium, etc.).
602.04 1.25
Industrial risk prevention: agricultural insurances for
various industries, preventing market risks and natural
catastrophe risks.
379.57 0.79
2.Public infrastructures
Chishui
City
2.1 Industrial facilities
2559.70 5.33
145km production roads, 5500 acres of dendrobium nobile
lindl irrigation facilities, 100 ponds, 100 water diversion
facilities of the ponds,200 sets of breeding and epidemic
prevention equipment for black-bone chickens, 50 biogas
digesters, 50 ponds and water diversion facilities, and fair
market of dendrobium nobile lindl(3000m2).
106km production road for dendrobium nobile lindl; 4500
acres of irrigation facilities for dendrobium nobile lindl; 82
ponds for dendrobium nobile lindl; water diversion
facilities of 82 ponds for dendrobium nobile lindl;50
biogas digesters for breeding Chishui black-bone chickens;
50 ponds and water diversion facilities for Chishui
black-bone chickens; 10kmproduction roads for Chishui
black-bone chicken; 3000m2 fair market of dendrobium
nobile lindl; and, a set of fair market facilities for
dendrobium nobile lindl.
Xishui
County
2.1 Industrial facilities
3281.00 6.84
Production roads: production road for grey goats in the
northern part of Guizhou, connecting 6 towns and 23
villages, with a total length of 55.6km; rural tourism and
production roads of 7.5km, connecting 3 villages in
Xianyuan Town.
Production roads: 70km production roads for grey goats in
the northern part of Guizhou, connecting 6 towns and 23
villages; and, 10km rural tourism and production roads,
connecting 3 villages in Xianyuan Town.
Rural tourism and industrial roads: 400m stone roads.
Drinking water engineering for people and livestock: 2
ponds in Runnan Village in Yong'an Town; 4 drinking
water engineering projects for people and livestock,
respectively in Hecun Village, Huangtao Village,
50
Xinzhuang Village and Sanxing Village in Guandian
Town; one drinking water engineering for people and
livestock in Zhangpeng Village, Liangcun Town, and one
water pumping station; 2 drinking water engineering
projects for people and livestock in Liangcun
Town(respectively in Xiaogou and Xinglongtai); and, 5
drinking water engineering projects for people and
livestock in Xianyuan Town; and, one water conservancy
project in Sanyuan, Xianyuan Town.
2.2 Public market facilities (electricity, water, road and
other infrastructures )
Xianyuan Town will be furnished with one garbage
carrier, 120 sewage treatment facilities for rural tourism,
1000m2 cultural plaza(the new plaza of Xiaozhangcun
Village), 2 public toilets of which each has 10 squatting
pans, 3 2-storey hexagon leisure pavilions, 90m2 wooden
viewing platform and 51m wood fence.
2.1 Industrial facilities
3140.06 6.54 Tongxin
County
16km tourism highway hardening; 75km footway
hardening (including sidewalk for fishing); folk culture
building(ancient temple, ancient fortress, locking pavilion
renovated, taxus protection, suona culture building
renovated); 19100m2 leisure square; 6 sets of supporting
fitness facilities, lighting, equipment, cultural packaging,
etc.; 16 sets of safe water diversion facilities; 2km village
tourism roads; 6 simple fishing pavilions; 8km green belts
along the sidewalk for fishing; 215m3 fishing platform;
2km production road for Huaqiu chickens; 15 ponds and
supporting facilities for Huaqiu chickens; and 21 manure
disposal pools for Huaqiu chickens.
2.2 Public market facilities (electricity, water, road and
other infrastructures )
Solar street lights: 300; garbage disposal pool: 412m2;
dustbins: 920; public toilet: 420m2; treatment facilities of
sanitary sewage from country hotel: 4 sets; garbage
carriers: 5; parking lot: 3900m2.
Dafang
County
2.1 Industrial facilities
4446.00 9.26 Industrial roads: 58km; production roads: 61km; irrigation
and drainage channels: 43km; and, storage and
refrigeration equipment for potatoes: 2100m2;
51
2.2 Public market facilities (electricity, water, road and
other infrastructures )
Power facilities 24km.
Zhijin
County
2.1 Industrial facilities
1981.00 4.13
9km tractor road, 72km production road, 60 ponds, 50km
dictyophora indusiata irrigating systems, 110km tea
irrigation facilities, 3000m2storage warehouse, and 3
market facilities of agricultural products having a total area
of 1500m2;
All
counties
selected
for the
project
Public services and equipment: 5 sets of office equipment,
training for 1240 person-times, consulting and technical
services, employment and training of counselors, project
management, food safety testing and control, public
outreach and training services, market system construction,
agricultural research, and technology transfer
1246.05 2.60
3. Industrial Poverty Alleviation Mechanism Research and Development Projects
3.1 Training
Cultivate and train more than 7,000 technicists and industrial
workers every year for the project areas. 60 0.12
3.2 Capability Building
Establish specialized cooperative organizations for farmers,
develop relevant trainings for farmers, improve farmers’
organizational degree and self-development ability and
enhance market competitiveness.
140 0.29
4. Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation
It mainly includes the procurement of various office
equipment for organization building (e.g. computers) and
project monitoring management as well as monitoring
evaluation.
2410 5.02
5. Reserve of Unexpected Expenses
It mainly includes budget reserve, interest incurred during
construction, commitment fee and advance payment. 3678.1 7.66
Total 48000
Remarks:the proposed irrigation facilities and ponds that will be constructed under the project are
small scale only to capture rainfall and run-off and do not involve any dam construction or exsting
dams as defined by OP 4.37 (Dam Safety).
52
2.4 Construction standards in each item
2.4.1 Road construction standards
(1) Production road
Concrete pavement in 3m of width, adopts C20 concrete in thickness of 20cm, and the
substratum adopts rubble and gravel subcrust, with thickness of rubble subcrust being not
less than 15cm, and thickness of gravel subcrust being not less than 0.5cm.
(2) Production shortcut
The pavement is in width of 1.2m, build a 15cm of gravel as subcrust, C20 adopted for
the pavement.
(3) Highway for rural tourism
Construct according to the Level IV national standards, the width of subgrade being 4.5m
and that of pavement being 3.5m, adopting C20 concrete for pavement in thickness of
20cm, bending tensile strength of pavement being not less than 4.0mpa, and the
substratum adopting rubble and gravel subcrust, with thickness of rubble subcrust being
not less than 15cm, and thickness of gravel subcrust being not less than 0.5cm.
(4) Sightseeing shortcut
The pavement is in the width of 1.2m, with 15cm gravel as subcrust, with C20 concrete
adopted for pavement.
2.4.2 Standards for sheepfold construction
(1) Construction scale
Each breeding ewe shares 1.5m2, and each breeding ram shares 3 m
2, each standard sheep
house being 30m2.
53
(2) Construction standards
It adopts all-wood structure or brick-wood structure for construction in single-row or
double-row form.
① Height of sheepfold and front and back eaves should be at least 2.2m, which can be
flexibly controlled provided that there is no ponding water on the roof.
② It is set with thermal insulation channel, with its width being more than 1.2m.
③ Sheepfold adopts building ring, and its floor has to be manure-leakage floor which is
prepared with 4cm×3cm rectangle wood materials with only the space of
one-index-finger width.
④ Cesspit for sheepfold adopts inclined cesspit, namely inclining backwards from the
thermal insulation channel near the fence in front of sheepfold, the bigger the inclination
degree is, the better, and make sure the height from the ground of fold base in the back of
sheepfold is between 1.5 to 2.0m.
⑤ Letter out the under surface of the inclined cesspit of sheepfold with concrete to make
sure there is no fecaluria accumulated.
⑥ Build a manure gathering groove in 50cm width outside the cesspit, with its length
being at least 8m.
⑦ The three sheepfolds share one manure discharging mouth, with its width ranging
from 1-1.5m.
⑧ The sheepfold is in length of 10m and width of 4.2m (including the thermal insulation
channel), the middle part is divided into three folds, with each room having a door in
width of 60cm.
⑨ Build a feeding groove in each sheepfold in 2.5m length in funnel shape, namely the
inner height of feeding bottom being 15-25cm, external height 35-45cm, bottom width
25cm and the height from feeding groove bottom to fence bottom 20-35cm. Use one big
54
iron nail respectively in the two ends of the feeding groove for fixing to enable the
groove to be overturned, with the undersurface facing inside of sheepfold, and side
surface fixed with one hook to keep it clean inside the groove.
2.4.3 Standards for model reception household of rural tourism
(1) Basic requirements
① Employees should be with corresponding business knowledge and skills and health
certificate issued by health department after post training.
② Have water flushing public bathroom, with intact doors and windows and skid
resistance ground, clean and healthy without peculiar smell.
③ Have facilities specialized for garbage and keep it closed.
④ The construction, ancillary facilities, service projects and operation management of
households for rural tourism should comply with the existing related national regulations
and standards about security, fire fighting, health, environmental protection, etc
⑤ Cookhouses shall be provided with sewers.
(2) Centralized Garbage Collection Pool
According to the landforms and environments of each rural tourist spot, each village shall
be constructed with one centralized garbage collection pool with the volume as 30 m3.
(3) Public Toilets
Each rural tourist spot shall be constructed with 1~2 water-flush public toilets with the
size as 20m2, and three-level septic-tank. The domestic wastewater shall be uniformly
brought to the rural wastewater treatment facility and then discharged after meeting the
standard.
(4) Rural Tourism Wastewater Treatment Facility
55
Each tourism village shall be uniformly constructed with one set of wastewater treatment
facility used for treating the wastewater generated by various villages through the
treatment process of “pretreatment+artificial wetlands system”, and the treated
wastewater can be discharged after meeting the three standard of Discharge Standard of
Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002). Additionally, the
qualified units shall be entrusted to be responsible for the design scale and scheme.
2.4.4 Construction standards for local Huaqiu chicken pen
(1) Foundation and base
Henhouse and storeroom adopt strip-shaped base, and choose silty clay as base bearing
stratum of the planned houses; water poop adopts reinforced concrete shell base, and
choose mudstone in medium weathered belt as base bearing stratum.
(2) Structural system
Henhouse, storage room and other rooms all adopt triangular truss roof of lightweight
steel; water pool, chicken manure septic tank, high-leveled water pool, etc. adopt
concrete structures; veterinarian room, sterilizing room, supporting houses and others
adopt 1-layer brick-concrete structure. The construction are should comply with the
standard of 10 chickens/m2.
(3) Fence
Fence adopts plastic steel wire mesh (specifications: mesh hole of 5cm, and mesh height
of 1.5m) and square iron pipe (specifications: 2×3cm and 2m in height), and build
according to the standard of 2m/square iron pipe. The fence area for free-ranging
chickens should comply with requirement of 1 chicken/m2.
(4) Construction of hatching house
It should be built according to the standard of 30m2/10000 chickens for one-time
hatching amount.
56
(5) Construction of brooding house
Adopt multi-layer brooding shelf to build according to the standard of 10000
chickens/100m2.
(6) Water pool
The water retention capacity of each water pool is 4m3 (1m×2m×2m), walls adopt 75#
wet masonry stones, with bottom width being 1.2m and top width being 0.8m. Conduct
anti-seepage treatment to the inside and bottom parts of the pool.
2.5 Associated projects and their due diligence investigations
2.5.1 Investigations on the upstream and downstream enterprises
For details of the upstream and downstream enterprises associated with this project, see
Table 2.5-1.
2.5.2 Other projects with competitive resources
As relevant investigations and all data provided by the project office: there is very few
other competitive projects to be constructed or under construction within the project area.
57
58
Table 2.5-1 Investigation List of Upstream and Downstream Enterprises
N
o.
Related Upstream and Downstream Enterprises
Name Constructor
Relation
with the
Project
Scale Producti
on Time Process
EIA
Approval
Status Quo
Environmental
Due Diligence
1
Construction
project of
6000t of
annual yield
of chili series
products of
Guizhou
Dafang
Bailihua Food
Co., Ltd.
Guizhou
Dafang
Bailihua
Food Co.,
Ltd.
Though
not
included
in the
Project, it
provides
processin
g service
for chili
planted in
the
Project.
Annual
processi
ng of
4000t of
dry chili,
fine
processi
ng of
2000t of
series
products
such as
dried
chili,
crushed
chili,
chili
powder
and chili
ring.
March
1997
Raw
materials
→sort out
and pick
off
peduncle
→clean
and sort
out→leach
ate→dry→
fine
processing
→pack→
warehousi
ng, storage
and sale of
finished
goods
Ratified by
Dafang
County
Environment
al Protection
Bureau
Production
It has been
constructed and
implemented
generally based
on environmental
protection
measures in EIA
approval.
Emission and
processing of
liquid, gas, sound
and residue in
operation have
met relevant
environmental
protection
requirements.
2 Construction Guizhou Though Annual July Raw Ratified by Production It has been
59
project of 40
million ton of
total yield of
fresh bamboo
fungus of
Guizhou
Southwest
Alliance
Agricultural
Science &
Technology
Co., Ltd.
Southwest
Alliance
Agricultural
Science &
Technology
Co., Ltd.
not
included
in the
Project, it
provides
processin
g service
for chili
planted in
the
Project.
processi
ng of 40
million
ton of
fresh
bamboo
fungus
2013 materials
of bamboo
fungus→b
ake in
infrared
light→pac
k→wareho
using,
storage
and sale of
finished
goods
Zhijin
County
Environment
al Protection
Bureau
constructed and
implemented
generally based
on environmental
protection
measures in EIA
approval.
Emission and
processing of
liquid, gas, sound
and residue in
operation have
met relevant
environmental
protection
requirements.
3
Construction
project of
5000t of
rhizome
gastrodiae in
annual
processing of
Dafang
County
Jiulong
Rhizoma
Dafang
County
Jiulong
Rhizoma
Gastrodiae
Developme
nt Co., Ltd.
Though
not
included
in the
Project, it
provides
processin
g service
for
rhizoma
gastrodia
Annual
processi
ng of
5000t of
rhizome
gastrodia
e
June
2001
Raw
materials
of rhizoma
gastrodiae
→sort out
and
tidy→clea
n→cut and
dry→inspe
ct→fry
and
Ratified by
Dafang
County
Environment
al Protection
Bureau
Production
It has been
constructed and
implemented
generally based
on environmental
protection
measures in EIA
approval.
Emission and
processing of
liquid, gas, sound
60
Gastrodiae
Development
Co., Ltd.
e planted
in the
Project.
cook→pac
k→wareho
using,
storage
and sale of
finished
goods
and residue in
operation have
met relevant
environmental
protection
requirements.
4
Construction
project of
1000 breeding
goats in
annual
breeding of
Xishui
County
Jiarong
Animal
HusbandryFar
ming Co.,
Ltd.
Xishui
County
Jiarong
Animal
HusbandryF
arming Co.,
Ltd.
Though
not
included
in the
Project, it
provides
goat
service
for North
Guizhou
goat
breeding
in the
Project.
Annual
breeding
of 1000
North
Guizhou
goats
2012
Select
breeding
goats→bre
ed→sell
Ratified by
Xishui
County
Environment
al Protection
Bureau
Production
It has been
constructed and
implemented
generally based
on environmental
protection
measures in EIA
approval.
Emission and
processing of
liquid, gas, sound
and residue in
operation have
met relevant
environmental
protection
requirements.
61
3. Natural and Social Environment Status
3.1 Natural Environment Status of Project Site
3.1.1 Chishui City
(1) Geologic landform and soil
Chishui are mainly presented as plateau valley type lands and mountain valley type lands,
with high southeast and low northwest, and the altitude thereof is gradually reduced from
southeast to northwest, wherein the highest altitude is 1730m while the lowest altitude is
221m, with the relative altitude difference being above 1500m. The southeast area has
undulating mountains and peaceful deep valleys while the northwest area has undulating
hills and wide river valleys. Additionally, Chishui has several types of soils, which are
dispersedly distributed, and there is a saying of “stepping on different soils by several
steps”, wherein the soils are mainly as the purple soil, which occupies 60.61% of the total
lands in the city, and the plough layer has a high content of potassium but a low content
of phosphorus, thus it has strong fertility.
(2) Climatic resources
Chishui belongs to mid-subtropical humid monsoon climate zone, with warm winter,
early spring, hot and dry summer, rainy early summer and late autumn, and has the
feature of three-dimensional climate and obvious regional climate difference. The annual
average temperature is 18℃ (maximum temperature: 41℃; minimum temperature: -2℃),
the annual average precipitation is 1268.8mm, the annual average relative humidity is
82% and the sunshine duration is 1297.7h. Moreover, Chishui has a frost-free season of
340~350 days and the duration of the frost-free season is gradually reduced along the
altitude, wherein the area below 800m has a frost-free season of about 300 days while the
area above 800m has a frost-free season of about 210~300 days.
(3) Hydrological environment
62
Chishui has abundant water resources, namely 352 small and large rivers with the total
length as 1255km, and there are 26 rivers of which the drainage area is above 20km2 and
the total length is 335km. The river network density of this city can reach 0.7km/km2, and
the total water resources reach 10,000,000,000m3 with the surface water resources
reaching 9,500,000,000m3. Additionally, Chishui also has 800 various reservoirs and
pools, with the total water storage capacity being over 30,000,000m3.
(4) Ecological environment
Chishui has the survival and activity condition for subtropics creatures, the forest
vegetation covers camphor trees, oakery, pinales and phyllostachys pubescens forest in
Chishui River Valley of humid evergreen broad-leaf forest zone in Guizhou Plateau, and
the vegetation covers evergreen broad-leaf forest, broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous
forest and bamboo forest of mid-subtropical zone. Additionally, there are 430,000mu
evergreen broad-leaf primeval forests of mid-subtropical zone rarely seen in our country,
over 1000 kinds of wild plants and wild animals (vertebrate) including 23 valuable and
rare plants such as spinulose tree fern, small golden camellia, Chishui Altingia, etc. and
22 valuable and rare animals such as clouded leopard, long-tail pheasant, serow, etc.
Furthermore, there are more than 300 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, and dendrobe,
golden cypress, etc. are the most well-known Chinese herbal medicines.
3.1.2 Xishui County
(1) Geological landform
Xishui County is located at the composite part of Sichuan-Guizhou north-south structural
zone and north-east structural zone, with north neighboring to “Sichuan Basin” which
belongs to the third subsidence zone of the Neocathaysian structural system and south
neighboring to “Central Guizhou Upheaval” formed in early paleozoic era. The crustal
movement for Yanshan Mountain in Sichuan is the main orogenic movement. The
exposed strata from Sinian system to Quaternary System are all developed strata, orderly
as Sinian System, Cambrian System, Ordovician, Silurian System, Triassic System, Dyas,
Jurassic System, Cretaceous System, Quaternary System, totally 9 systems, 19
sub-systems, 31 groups and 2 clusters, and the total thickness of the strata is 9900m.
63
(2) Climatic resources
Xishui County belongs to subtropics humid monsoon climate zone and has four
distinctive seasons, namely hot and dry summer, rainy and cool autumn, cold and rainy
winter, unstable spring with rainy nights. Xishui County is also featured with rainy days,
short sunshine duration, high humidity, obvious microclimate and remarkable vertical
climate differentiation. The annual average sunshine duration is 1053.0h, the annual total
radiation quantity is 83.29kcal/cm2 and the average temperature is 13.1℃ with the
annual extreme maximum temperature as 34.4℃ and the annual extreme minimum
temperature as -8.6℃.
(3) Hydrological environment
Xishui County belongs to Changjiang River system, including 246 small and large
rivulets and rivers with the total length of 1332.7km, the drainage area of 3127.7km2 and
the river network density of 0.43km/km2, wherein there are 198 rivulets with the drainage
area less than 20 km2, the total length of 487km and the total drainage area of 400.66km
2,
37 rivers with the drainage area of 20-100 km2, the total length of 469.4km and the total
drainage area of 1127.64 km2, 11 rivers (sections) with the drainage area being more than
100 km2, the total length being 376.3km and the total drainage area being 1599.40 km
2.
Chishui River is an important tributary of Yangtze River, which runs from river sources
of southwest to northeast along Sichuan-Guizhou border till Maotai Town, Renhuai
County, then turns to northwest and north and finally flows in Yangtze River at Nanguan,
Hejiang County, Sichuan Province, and the total length of the main stream is 436.5km,
with the natural fall as 1473.96m and the average gradient of the river as 3.38%. Chishui
River’s drainage area is 190,007km2 and the average annual discharge of this river mouth
is 296m3/s.
Xishui River is an important tributary of Chishui River and a secondary tributary of
Yangtze River, which runs from sources of Gaojia Slope, Minyuan Group, Xiyuan
Village, Zhaiba Town, through Dapo Village, Zhaiba Town and Sanchahe Village, enters
in Chishui from Fengzi Yan, Chenzhai Village, flows in Chishui River from Lizilin
64
(Sanjiangju), Hejiang Town and further flows by 1km into Yangtze River. The natural fall
is1059.7m and the average gradient of river way is6.8‰.
(4) Ecological environment
There are abundant plant resources in Xishui protection zone, and according to the
summarized field investigation data for years, there are various plants of over 266
families, 765 genuses and 1674 species, and many macro fungi of 38 families, 85 genuses
and 192 species, namely including 60 species of edible fungi, 46 species of medicinal
fungi, 63 species of wood-destroying fungi and 18 species of toadstool. The edible fungi
include tremella, auricularia polytricha, agaric, cantharellus minor peck, flammulina
velutipes, lactarius hatsudake, etc., totally 60 species, and the medicinal fungi include
lucid ganoderma, ganoderma lipsiense, mushroom, amauroderma, etc., totally 46 species.
There are also abundant animal resources in Xishui protection zone, and according to the
high spot investigation, there are various animals of 49 families, 252 genuses and 1435
species, wherein there are 4 species of first class national protected animals, occupying
28.6% of the protected species (14 species) of the same level in the province, 28 species
of second class national protected animals, occupying 43% of the protected species (65
species) of the same level in the province.
3.1.3 Tongzi County
(1) Geological landform
Tongzi County is located at the north of Guizhou Province, which is the joint zone of
north Guizhou mountainous region and Sichuan Basin. The terrain of the northeast area is
higher than that of the southwest area, and the three rivers, namely Yangdeng River,
Songkan River and Tongzi River, divide this county into three special landform units.
Moreover, this county also includes various landforms, such as mountain plateau,
mid-mountain, hill, intermountain basin, river terrace, etc. Karsts, rock peaks, low-lying
lands, funnel, blind valleys, cenotes are widely distributed in this county, with highly
65
developed underground rivers and karst caves. Additionally, the average altitude of the
whole county is 1100m, Sixi Town is located at the highest place, with the altitude as
2227m, and the river at border of Guizhou and Chongqing in Podu Town is located at the
lowest place, with the altitude as 310m, and thus the relative altitude difference is 1917m.
(2) Climatic resources
Tongzi County belongs to the mid-subtropical plateau monsoon humid climatic region,
without four distinctive seasons. Accordingly, this county is featured with hot and rainy
season, abundant rainfall, obvious dry and humid seasons, long frost-free season, warm
spring occasionally accompanying with coldness in later spring, rainy early summer, dry
midsummer, cold and rainy autumn and no severe cold in winter (cloudy and overcast,
occasionally icy), great vertical climate difference and obvious three-dimensional
climate.
The annual average cloudy duration in Tongzi County is 245 days, and the annual
average sunshine duration is 1091.6h. The annual average temperature in Tongzi County
is 14.6℃, with the minimum temperature as 4.1℃ and the maximum temperature as
24.5℃. Due to the large altitude difference, this county has obvious vertical climate
difference, and there is a saying of “four seasons in one mountain and different climates
in ten miles”.
Tongzi County has less rainfall in the whole province, with the annual average
precipitation as 1038.8mm. Meanwhile, Tongzi County has most rainfall in summer and
least rainfall in winter, thus presenting a dry winter and a humid summer.
(3) Hydrological environment
The rivers in the county belong to the Yangtze River system, falling into the Chishui
River, Qijiang River and Wujiang River in the upper main stream area of the Yangtze
River respectively. There are 57 rivers in total covering a drainage area of over 20km2,
with a total length of 831.48km and a river network density of 0.26km/km2. These rivers
are classified into 7 main streams, 32 first-class tributaries and 18 second-class tributaries.
66
The total rainwater harvesting area of main rivers including the Tongzi River, Songkan
River and Yangdeng River is 2919.45 km2.
The Tongzi River has a total length of 91km and a total rainwater harvesting area of
2254.45 km2
(1162.5 km2 in the county). There are 21 tributaries each of which has a
rainwater harvesting area over 20 km2, with an annual average discharge of 17.76m
3/s
and an annual average runoff of 0.625 billion m3. The main tributaries include the Zhenxi
River, Tianmen River, Hunzi River (Xiao River), Gaoqiao River, Zhailang River,
Fengshui River and Panlong River, etc.
The Songkan River has a total length of 64.55km (55.3km in the county) and a total
rainwater harvesting area of 1103.96km2 (1039 km
2 in the county), with 17 tributaries
each of which has a rainwater harvesting area over 20 km2 in the county, such as the
Mugua River, Shuichai River and Xinzhan River.
The Yangdeng River has a total length of 87.23km (54.93km in the county) and a total
rainwater harvesting area of 1126.56 km2 (717.95 km
2 in the county), including 10
tributaries each of which has a rainwater harvesting area over 20 km2, such as Yanggang
Stream, Liyu River and Masangkan River, etc.
(4) Ecological environment
Located in the subtropical transitional zone from the east humid evergreen broad-leaf
forest to west semi-humid evergreen broad-leaf forest, under the influence of southeast
pacific monsoon, west Indian Ocean warm current and north Siberia cold air mass, the
county, with a complicated landform, has formed an three-dimensional ecological
environment with apparent differences, creating favorable conditions for the growing and
multiplying of diversified terrestrial plants. According to incomplete statistics, There are
many valuable and rare plants, including the first class national protected tree species
such as cathaya argyrophylla and davidia involucrate, the second class tree species such
as douglas fir, emmenopterys henryi, cyclocarya paliurus, tetracentron sinense and
cedrela toona, as well as the third class tree species such as amentotaxus, mangnolia
officinalis and nanmu, and there are also more than one thousand kinds of traditional
Chinese herbal medicines discovered in the county. By 2007, the total area of bamboo
67
forest in the county has reached about 0.4 million mu, and the annual output of square
bamboo shoots has reached about 15 thousand tons.
In addition to ordinary wild animals, there are a lot of national protected rare animals
discovered in the county, such as francois langur, python, south China tiger, elaphursu
davidianus, clouded leopard, giant salamander, white crane, golden pheasant, manis
pentadactyla, jackal, otter, zibet, rasse, forest musk deer, goral and blue sheep.
3.1.4 Dafang County
(1) Geological landform and soil
Located in the transitional slope zone from the northwest plateau (the Yunnan-Guizhou
Plateau) to the mid-mountain plateaus and hills of Guizhou province, Dafang County has
a mid-mountain landform with an altitude of 1400~1900m mostly. The middle and
northeast terrains are higher, and the rivers flow towards north and south. There are
overlapping hills and mountains, deep and criss-cross gullies, shattered landform and
varied topographies with maintains, slope lands, hills, low-lying lands, basins (small
dams) and criss-cross river valleys. The landform of the overall county is divided into
three types of maintain, hill and river valley, and most mountains move from northeast to
southwest. And the county falls into four landform areas according to the features of
landform types, the altitude differences as well as the different depths of gullies,
including the northwest mid-mountain hills area, the northeast mid-mountain gentle slope
valleys area and low-lying hills area, middle and western high and mid-mountain cutting
and gentle slope hilly valleys area as well as the southeast low and mid-mountain shallow
cutting valleys area.
(2) Climatic resources
Located in a low-latitude and high-altitude area, Dafang County has a three-dimensional
subtropical humid monsoon climate. With annual temperature of about 11.8℃, maximum
temperature of 32.7℃, minimum temperature of -9.3℃, an average temperature in the
coldest month (January) of 1.6℃ and an average temperature in the hottest month (July)
of 20.7℃. Most of the rains are concentrated between April and September with annual
68
average precipitation of 1155mm which accounts for 78.8% of the annual precipitation.
Southeaster prevails mostly throughout the whole year, and northwesterly and northerly
winds prevail in winter with an average wind speed of 2~9m/s.
(3) Hydrological environment
The rivers in Dafang County belong to the Chishui River system and Wujiang River
system of the upper reaches of Yangtze River. The north part belongs to the Chishui
River system basin and the south, west and middle parts belong to the Liuchong River
basin of the Wujiang River system. The total length of the waterways in the county is
727.3km, with river network density being larger than 17.1km/ km2, the average river
network density of Guizhou Province. The total annual runoff is 1.4723 billion m3.
The Chishui River system is located in the northeast of the county, with 6 major rivers,
i.e. Erdao River (also called Maluo River, Geli River or Nie’erdi River), Youshan River,
Mudu River, Mayi River and Guowa River. Its drainage area is 807 km2, which accounts
for 23% of the total land area of the whole county. The annual runoff of this system is
4.217m3 and the annual average precipitation is 991mm. There is almost no farm for
irrigation in this basin. The rivers go to Jinsha County from Maluo River (the altitude of
Liangcha Estuary is 708.8m) from south to north; the Liuchong River basin of the
Wujiang River system is located in the south with 14 major rivers, i.e. Liuchong River,
Shangba River, Lengdi River, Gecuoluo River, Babao River, Liangshui River, Lalu River,
Xinji River, Luojiao River, Munong River, Mubai River, Xi’xi River, Anle River and
Midi River, which are distributed in the south, middle and west of the county; its
drainage area is 2337.2km2, with annual average precipitation of 1008mm and annual
runoff of 1.0506 billion m3.
(4) Ecological environment
The plant resources include forests, grasslands, crops, medicinal plants and economic
plants. There are not only rich fungi but also plants higher than ferns. There are 131
species of fungi including 43 species of medicinal fungi, 58 species of edible fungi and
22 species of toadstools and 120 species of higher plants classified into 50 families and
84 genuses, including 113 species of angiosperms classified into 44 families and 78
69
genuses, 1 specie of gymnosperm and 6 species of ferns classified into 5 families and 5
genuses. The forest vegetations are classified into mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaf
forest, mid-subtropical deciduous broad-leaf forest, mid-subtropical coniferous mixed
forest, mid-subtropical coniferous forest and mid-subtropical bush wood.
There are various species of wild animals in history in this county, including common
species such as fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, beast and insect. There are 31 species of
beasts including tiger, leopard, wild goat (muntjak), fox and river deer, accounting for
23.14% of the 134 species of beasts in Guizhou Province. There are 104 species of birds
ascertained, accounting for 25% of the 404 species of birds in Guizhou Province.
3.1.5 Zhijin County
(1) Geological landform
Located in the transitional zone from the west plateau (the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau) to
the mid-mountain plateaus and basin of Guizhou province, Zhijin County has a
west-higher and east-lower terrain with mountains echeloning and droping from west to
east. The west plateau area of Guizhou Province covers a land area of 1158 km2,
accounting for 40.4% of the whole-county land area. There are staggered moats,
canyons and trough valleys with high mountains and steep slopes. The altiplanation side
has a broad terrain distributed with relatively large area of high mountain grasslands,
featured by mountain plateau meadowland. The east area is mixed with mountain plateau
and river valley and covers an area of 1710 km2, accounting for 59.6% of the
whole-county land area. There are developed karst, wide spread limestone and deep and
staggered gullies as well as a lot of slope lands and hilly lands, which account for 97.3%.
(2) Climatic resources
Located in the continued section of the Wumeng Mountain system of the Diandong
Plateau in the middle of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Zhijin County belongs to the
northern subtropical and plateau monsoon humid climate, featured by clear seasons, mild
climate, cool summer and autumn, warm winter and long frost-free season. The winter
half year (October~March) has little sunlight, large humidity, little evaporation and
70
frequent cold air activities and most overcast and rainy days, while the summer half year
(April~September) is on the contrary. As one of the storm center counties, Zhijin has rich
rainfall ranking the fifth among the whole province. Zhuzang in the north is the rainiest
area with an annual average precipitation of 1574mm.
(3) Surface water and underground water
Zhijin County is wide spread with staggered rivers which belong to the Wujiang River
system of the Yangtze River basin and are separated by the Sancha River and its branch
the Liuchong River in the upper reaches of Wujiang River. The former one flows from
south to east with total length of 62km within the county while the latter one flows from
north to east with total length of 85km within the county. Those two rivers met at the
county boarder in Huawuji Village, Longchang Town, Zhijin County. The watershed
from Shuangyangyan to Xinzhaidashan, Yangmiaodashan and Fenghuang Mountains
divides Zhixian County into the south Sancha River basin and the north Liuchong River
basin. There are 25 large rivers, including 17 rivers longer than 10km and 8 rivers shorter
than 10km.
The annual average natural water resource quantity in Zhijin County is 2.273 billion m3.
The total annual average underground water reserves is 0.602 billion m3. The total water
resource quantity is 2.3 billion m3, deducting the repeated parts of surface runoff and
underground water. The water resource quantity per capita is 2190 m3, equalling to the
national average level.
(5) Ecological environment
The vegetation belongs to subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forest with a lot of plant
species wide spread, which are divided into two vegetation areas:
The east low and middle-mountain, middle-mountain and hill humid evergreen oak forest
and evergreen deciduous mixed forest: include most parts of Chengguan and Yinajia as
well as several towns such as Babu, Guiguo, Niuchang, Maochang, Huaqi and
Longchang, with the major vegatation of limestone ever-green deciduous forest
composed of oak, camphor, birch, aspen and privet. The native vegetation featured by
71
secondary bushes is mostly damaged. The major economic forest trees are citrus,
excoecaria sebifera and tea, etc.
The west middle mid-mountain, middle and high-moutain humid evergreen oak forest,
evergreen deciduous mixed forest, Yunnan pinery, lacquer tree and walnut forest: include
Zhengping and Dayuan in Yinajia, and Alie, Puzuo, Zhongzhai, Pingzhai, Baiyan,
Santang, Agong and Zhuzang in Chengguan, with major plants composed of
cyclobalanopsis glauca, birch, aspen and privet in the limestone area.
There are a lot of wild animals in the county including common wild animals such as fish,
amphibian, reptile, bird, beast and insect. In addition to those common wild animals,
there are also a number of national protected rare animals such as francois langur, python,
elaphursu davidianus, clouded leopard, giant salamander, white crane, golden pheasant,
manis pentadactyla, jackal, otter, zibet, rasse, forest musk deer, goral and blue sheep.
72
Figure 3.1 1 county in guizhou province distribution project
73
3.2 Socioeconomic Status of Project Area
According to statistical data of counties in the project, namely “Statistical Yearbook in
2013” or “Leading Cadres Management Manual in 2013”, the socioeconomic status of
project area in 2012 is as shown in Table 3.2 1.
Table 3.2-1 List of Social and Economic Status in the Project Areas
Contents Unit Total Xishui
County
Chishui
City
Tongzi
County
Dafang
County
Zhijin
County
I Population Information
Number of Villages and
Towns Nr. 125 23 14 24 32 32
Number of Administrative
Villages Nr. 1423 210 100 222 335 556
#Key Villages for
Poverty-Alleviation Work Nr. 960 186 60 139 237 338
Number of Natural Villages Household 15736 634 784 1795 7705 4818
Total Households Household 1086577 156034 100421 187893 296761 345468
Wherein:Number of
Agricultural Households Household 980149 155250 69072 165034 269508 321285
Number of Poverty-stricken
Households
Ten
Thousand
People
281241 65714 15007 43120 26700 130700
Total Population
Ten
Thousand
People
390.52 72.00 30.99 70.10 104.17 113.26
Wherein:Rural Population
Ten
Thousand
People
353.12 65.00 22.80 61.56 98.56 105.20
Minority Population
Ten
Thousand
People
73.07 1.50 0.58 0.74 34.50 35.75
Poverty-stricken Population
(National Standards on
Poverty Alleviation)
Ten
Thousand
People
92.55 19.27 3.44 10.47 25.65 33.72
Total Labor
Ten
Thousand
People
218.46 36.00 14.19 32.59 68.00 67.68
Wherein:Female Labor Ten 97.65 19.00 6.69 13.03 28.00 30.93
74
Thousand
People
Migrant Labor
Ten
Thousand
People
78.97 9.00 6.20 13.42 24.00 26.35
II Overall Economic
Conditions
GDP RMB Ten
Thousand 3721735 745261 494452 575610 1012881 893531
#Gross Value of the Primary
Industry
RMB Ten
Thousand 733392 133288 83411 190369 170401 155923
Agriculture RMB Ten
Thousand 451422 67429 35104 125089 92500 131300
Forestry RMB Ten
Thousand 46924 3842 27441 11258 2853 1800
Animal Husbandry RMB Ten
Thousand 290836 58416 17548 50971 74301 89600
Other RMB Ten
Thousand 20187 3601 3318 3051 1017 9200
Gross Value of the Secondary
Industry
RMB Ten
Thousand 1545316 318784 224615 170051 460622 371244
Gross Value of the Tertiary
Industry
RMB Ten
Thousand 1443027 293189 186426 215190 381858 366364
Gross Fiscal Revenue RMB Ten
Thousand 915334 158000 148470 51527 306968 250369
Wherein:Tax Revenue RMB Ten
Thousand 322356 136700 29287 22738 66012 67619
Non-tax Revenue RMB Ten
Thousand 132633 11600 6679 3568 50039 60747
Revenue from Transfer
Payment
RMB Ten
Thousand 661894 94800 112504 267258 187332
Other Revenue RMB Ten
Thousand 30328 2600 12485 15243
Fiscal Expenditure RMB Ten
Thousand 1404901 245000 149400 120773 520963 368765
Wherein:Expenditure for
Rural Support
RMB Ten
Thousand 187206 4100 23680 16410 61905 44211
Rural Per Capita Net Income Yuan 5006 4572 6537 4263 4943 4714
Wherein:Net Income from
Salary Yuan 2197 1936 3056 2131 2068 1796
75
Net Income from Family
Operation Yuan 2137 2174 2846 1278 2353 2036
Transfer Income Yuan 313 434 24 426 490 192
Property Income Yuan 220 26 611 428 32 4
III Land and Resources
Total Land Area Hectare 1449587 312800 180000 319976 350011 286800
#Arable Land Hectare 292192 78259 14667 36423 123543 38300
Forestry Hectare 769811 189548 142667 145048 157788 134760
With Forestry Hectare 415959 137333 108650 35306 134670
Orchard Hectare 8158 6000 1554 514 90
Grassland Hectare 85590 10173 524 38419 15118 21356
Available Grassland Hectare 37742 10173 14023 1246 12300
Area for Conversion of
Farmland into Forest and
Grassland
Hectare 44153 3940 17933 8133 10711 3436
Water Area Hectare 10656 313 2564 5 3288 4486
Available Water Area Hectare 6917 267 1411 4 3202 2033
Wasteland Hectare 90693 43760 4543 4812 13778 23800
Wasteland for Appropriate
Use Hectare 85590 43760 1543 2887 13600 23800
IV Crop and Pasture
Production
Total Crop Sowing Area* Hectare 372773 11857 40314 105822 175480 39300
Total Grain Sowing Area* Hectare 330905 82824 31595 75868 128285 12333
Total Grain Yield* t 1181104 246402 120814 278398 233242 302248
Sowing Area of Cash Crop* Hectare 82870 28891 8719 25593 15121 4546
Area of Dried Fruit Hectare 11261 1300 9707 254
Yield of Dried Fruit t 18650 50 18200 400
Area of Fresh Fruit Hectare 6675 1554 3067 2054
Yield of Fresh Fruit t 81686 23362 57500 824
Sowing Area of Other Crops* Hectare 40941 3301 3321 11898 22421
Number of Large Livestock
on hand at the End of the Year
Thousand
Livestock 432 118 4 83 109 118
Number of Marketable
Livestock at the End of the
Year
Thousand
Livestock 95 30 1 12 20 32
Number of Swine on Hand at
the End of the Year
Thousand
Livestock 1461 446 136 302 299 279
Number of Marketable Swine
at the End of the Year
Thousand
Livestock 1688 585 157 356 306 284
76
Number of Goats on Hand at
the End of the Year
Thousand
Livestock 316 155 4 99 30 27
Number of Marketable Goats
at the End of the Year
Thousand
Livestock 219 127 4 60 19 9
Number of Small Poultry on
Hand at the End of the Year
Thousand
Poultry 6205 262 498 1127 2290 2028
Area of Forage Grass Hectare 131787 2667 61333 67267 520
Yield of Forage Grass t 4500152 106667 540000 1513485 2340000
Yield of Meat t 180083 59735 13962 34797 35545 36044
Per Capita Grain kg 359 379 390 485 224 318
V Natural Conditions
Average Temperature for
Years(40 years) ℃ 14.62 13.60 18.00 15.20 11.80 14.50
Extreme Maximum
Temperature(40 years) ℃ 35.90 36.00 42.30 35.00 32.70 33.50
Extreme Minimum
Temperature(40 years) ℃ -5.30 -6.40 -1.20 -3.60 -9.30 -6.00
Number of Days with
Accumulated Temperature of
10℃
Day 252 220 264 295 210 270
Average Frost-free Season for
Years(40 years) Day 281 248 350 260 257 289
Average Rainfall for Years
(40 years) mm 1246 1420 1215 1044 1150 1403
Average Annual Evaporation
for Years
(40 years)
mm 1082 1368 1095 490 1104 1354
Lowest Altitude m 475 275 221 310 709 860
Highest Altitude m 2078 1872 1703 2227 2325 2262
Average Altitude m 1258 1100 962 1269 1650 1310
3.3 Environmental Conditions of Project Area
(1) Zunyi
Assessment on environmental conditions in the project area was made mainly by making
using of current regular monitoring materials.
77
① Ambient Air
According to the environmental monitoring data in 2013 Report on the State of the
Environment in Zunyi, air quality in downtown Zunyi was moderately good in 2013.
There were a total of 345 days with good and moderate air quality throughout the year
and its rate of good and moderate air quality was 94.5%, a decrease of 16 days and 4.1%
decrease in rate of good and moderate air quality on a year-on-year basis. The average air
pollution index (API) was 69 with inhalable particles as primary pollutants. The average
rainfall pH downtown was 5.45 for the year, falling 1.29 pH units on a year-on-year basis.
The frequency of acid rain was 3.3%, increasing 1.4% year on year. The air quality in 12
counties (cities) outside downtown met National Standard II. Since the Project was
implemented in rural areas which had neither large industrial and mining enterprises nor
large emission sites for air pollution sources, the air quality was thus good meeting
Standard II in GB3095-1996 Ambient Air Quality Standard.
② Water Environment
Major rivers in Chishui City, Xishui County and Tongzi County where the Project was
situated include Tongzi River, Shaxichang River and Xishui River in Wujiang River
System in the Yangtze River Basin. According to the environmental monitoring data in
2013 Report on the State of the Environment in Zunyi, estuary section in two rivers,
Shaoxichang River and Tongzi River, reached Standard Ⅱ in GB3838-2002
Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water, superior to Water Quality Standard
Ⅲ in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water; the monitoring
value for water quality in Changsha control monitoring section in Xishui River reached
Standard III in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water. Refer
to Table 3.3-1 for distribution of river systems, functions of water environment and status
quo of water environment in the project area.
③ Acoustic Environment
According to the environmental monitoring data in 2013 Report on the State of the
Environment in Zunyi, day equivalent noise level in downtown Zunyi was 55.4dB in
2013, lower than national GB3096-2008 Environmental Quality Standard for Noise Type
78
2 Regional Standard 4.6 dB. Average equivalent acoustic level for road traffic noise
downtown was 67.4 dB, lower than national GB3096-2008 Environmental Quality
Standard for Noise Type 4a Regional Standard 2.6 dB; day equivalent noise level and
average equivalent acoustic level of road traffic noise in other 12 counties (cities)
downtown reached national Type 2 and Type 4a Regional Standards respectively.
Since the project area was in rural areas with small traffic flow, without large noise
sources and quality acoustic environment, it was able to reach GB3096-2008
Environmental Quality Standard for Noise Type 2 Regional Standard. Daytime: Leq60dB
(A). Nighttime: Leq50dB(A).
(2) Bijie City
① Ambient Air
According to the environmental monitoring data in 2013 Report on the State of the
Environment in Bijie, four automatic monitoring stations on air quality in downtown
Bijie in 2013 showed that the annual average concentration of inhalable particles, sulfur
dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were 0.098mg/m3, 0.046mg/m3 and 0.025mg/m3
respectively. There were a total of 322 days with “good and moderate” air quality. The
rate of good and moderate air quality was 88.22%. There were a total of 37 days with
light pollution, accounting for 10.14% of the year. There were 6 moderately-polluted
days, accounting for 1.64% of the year. The rainfall pH was between 5.9 and 7.5 without
acid rain throughout the year. Air quality in other 7 counties and towns met Standard II in
Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996).
Since the Project was implemented in rural areas which had neither large industrial and
mining enterprises nor large emission sites for air pollution sources, the air quality was
good, thus reaching Standard II in GB3095-1996 Ambient Air Quality Standard.
② Water Environment
According to the environmental monitoring data in 2013 Report on the State of the
Environment in Bijie, seven sections including Xuhuatun, Baohecun, Gaodian,
79
Masangping, Qixingguan, Daqiaobian and Daguan were set for Liuchong River and its
tributaries. The water quality in Xuhuatun and Daguan reached Standard Ⅱ in
GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water; water quality in the
section of Masangping reached Standard Ⅱ in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality
Standard for Surface Water; water quality in two sections of Qixingguan and Daqiaobian
reached Standard Ⅱ in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface
Water; water quality in Gaodian section reached Standard III in GB3838-2002
Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water; two monitoring sections including
Yancang and Jichang were set in Sancha River. Water quality in Yancang section reached
Standard III in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water; water
quality in Jichang section reached Standard III in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality
Standard for Surface Water.
③ Acoustic Environment
According to the environmental monitoring data in 2013 Report on the State of the
Environment in Bijie, day and night equivalent noise levels in downtown Bijie were
55.0dB and 46.5dB respectively in 2013, reaching GB3096-2008 Environmental Quality
Standard for Noise Type 2 Regional Standard. Daytime: Leq60dB(A). Nighttime:
Leq50dB(A). Day and night equivalent noise levels in other counties (cities) downtown
reached GB3096-2008 Environmental Quality Standard for Noise Type 2 Regional
Standard.
Since the Project area was in rural areas with small traffic flow, without large noise
source and quality acoustic environment, it was able to reach GB3096-2008
Environmental Quality Standard for Noise Type 2 Regional Standard. Daytime: Leq60dB
(A). Nighttime: Leq50dB(A).
80
Table 3.3-1 Table of Water Environmental Function Zoning and Water Environmental Status of Rivers in Project Area
No. Watershed
System Rivers
Waters
Controlled Reaches Controlled
Cities and
Towns
Controlled
Function
*
Surface Water
Quality Status of
Project Area
Basis
1 Yangtze
River
Chishui
River
Tongzi
River
From Tongzi
County town to
estuary of Hunzi
River, to estuary of
Shaxichang River
Tongzi
County III
III. The degree of
development and
utilization is not
high, so the water
quality is good
“Surface Water
Environmental
Function Zoning of
Zunyi City”(2011
revision)
2 Yangtze
River
Chishui
River
Shaxichan
g River
All reaches above
estuary of Tongzi
River
Xishui
County III
III. The degree of
development and
utilization is not
high, so the water
quality is good
“Surface Water
Environmental
Function Zoning of
Zunyi City”(2011
revision)
3 Yangtze
River
Xishui
River
Xishui
River
Reaches within
Chishui City
Chishui
City III
III. The degree of
development and
utilization is not
high, so the water
quality is good
“Surface Water
Environmental
Function Zoning of
Zunyi City”(2011
revision)
4 Yangtze
River
Mubai
River
Mubai
River Whole reaches
Dafang
County III
III. The degree of
development and
utilization is not
high, so the water
quality is good
Dafang County
Environment
Protection "Twelfth
Five-Year" Plan
5 Yangtze
River
Liuchon
g River
Liuchong
River Whole reaches
Dafang
County III
III. The degree of
development and
utilization is not
Dafang County
Environment
Protection "Twelfth
81
high, so the water
quality is good
Five-Year" Plan”
6 Yangtze
River
Fu
River
Lvtangcha
River Whole reaches
Dafang
County III
III. The degree of
development and
utilization is not
high, so the water
quality is good
Dafang County
Environment
Protection "Twelfth
Five-Year" Plan”
* The leading functions of Class III waters are for fisheries, agriculture, and general landscape water.
82
3.4 Environment-sensitive Targets of Project Area
According to field survey and data collection, the World Bank loan project for industrial
poverty alleviation pilot demonstration for poverty-stricken parts of Guizhou Province
does not involve in any sensitive areas such as natural conservation area, scenic spots,
culture relic protection site, drinking water protected areas and so on, and there are no
rare and endangered wild animals and plants and precious trees protected by the State
found. Please see details of culture relic protection site in Table 3.4 1.
83
Table 3.4-1 Table of Environment-sensitive Target Involved in Project Area
Name Location Area
(km2)
Level
Main
Object of
Protection
Protection
Requirement
Year of
Establish
ment
Competent
Organization
Minimum
Distance
to Project
Area
Chishui
Alsophila
Natural
Reserve
Hushi Town,
Chishui City 133
National
level
Alsophila
and the
ecological
environme
nt
It is not allowed to
build any production
facilities in the core
zone and relief area,
and build living
facilities that pollute the
environment and
destroy the resources
and landscape in
experimental plot.
1992
Forestry
Department of
Guizhou
Province
8.5km
Zhoushi
Stone-chamb
exed Tomb
Gaoqiao
Town,
Tongzi
County
— Provincial
level
Ancient
tombs
All hazardous activities
to cultural relics are
prohibited within the
cultural relic protection
scope, such as
quarrying, destroying
forest to reclaim
farmland, excavating
illegally and
improperly, and grazing
and hunting.
1982
Cultural Relics
Bureau of
Tongzi County
5.6km
Dayou Cave Shuanglong — County Ancient All hazardous activities 2005 Cultural Relics 3.6km
84
Relics Village,
Xishui
County
level sites to cultural relics are
prohibited within the
cultural relic protection
scope, such as
quarrying, destroying
forest to reclaim
farmland, excavating
illegally and
improperly, and grazing
and hunting.
Bureau of
Xishui County
Nanmu
Carve Stone
Inscription
Xianyuan
Town, Xishui
County
— County
level
Inscription
s on
precipices
All hazardous activities
to cultural relics are
prohibited within the
cultural relic protection
scope, such as
quarrying, destroying
forest to reclaim
farmland, excavating
illegally and
improperly, and grazing
and hunting.
2001
Cultural Relics
Bureau of
Xishui County
5.2km
Guandian
Monument to
the Martyrs
of the Red
Army
Guandian
Town, Xishui
County
— County
level
Historical
site of
modern
times
All hazardous activities
to cultural relics are
prohibited within the
cultural relic protection
scope, such as
quarrying, destroying
2001
Cultural Relics
Bureau of
Xishui County
6.2km
85
forest to reclaim
farmland, excavating
illegally and
improperly, and grazing
and hunting.
Guandu
Ancient
Tombs of
Song
Dynasty
Guandu
Town,
Chishui City
— Provincial
level
Ancient
tombs
All hazardous activities
to cultural relics are
prohibited within the
cultural relic protection
scope, such as
quarrying, destroying
forest to reclaim
farmland, excavating
illegally and
improperly, and grazing
and hunting.
1982
Cultural Relics
Bureau of
Chishui
County
4.5km
Chishui
Guandu
Inscriptions
on Precipices
Guandu
Town,
Chishui City
— Provincial
level
Inscription
s on
precipices
All hazardous activities
to cultural relics are
prohibited within the
cultural relic protection
scope, such as
quarrying, destroying
forest to reclaim
farmland, excavating
illegally and
improperly, and grazing
and hunting.
1982
Cultural Relics
Bureau of
Chishui
County
6.3km
86
Stone Goose
Mouth
Bas-reliefs
on Precipices
Wanglong
Town,
Chishui City
— Provincial
level
Inscription
s on
precipices
All hazardous activities
to cultural relics are
prohibited within the
cultural relic protection
scope, such as
quarrying, destroying
forest to reclaim
farmland, excavating
illegally and
improperly, and grazing
and hunting.
1982
Cultural Relics
Bureau of
Chishui
County
4.6km
Guandu
Jiexiaofang
of Xie
Family
Guandu
Town,
Chishui City
— Municipal
level
Ancient
building
All hazardous activities
to cultural relics are
prohibited within the
cultural relic protection
scope, such as
quarrying, destroying
forest to reclaim
farmland, excavating
illegally and
improperly, and grazing
and hunting.
2003
Cultural Relics
Bureau of
Chishui
County
3.5km
Dafang Nine
layers of
Government
Office Sites
Yangchang
Town,
Dafang
County
— Provincial
level
Ancient
sites
All hazardous activities
to cultural relics are
prohibited within the
cultural relic protection
scope, such as
1982
Cultural Relics
Bureau of
Dafang County
5.4km
87
quarrying, destroying
forest to reclaim
farmland, excavating
illegally and
improperly, and grazing
and hunting.
Remarks:
These culture relic protection site are all far away from the project sites with the closest being 3.6 km away, thus will not be
impacted by the project activities.
88
4. Environmental Impact Analysis of Infrastructure Projects
Infrastructure construction projects included construction of country roads, construction
of water conservancy (including impounding reservoir and diversion pipelines), power
supply system, construction of product bunkers and trading market facilities, construction
of cultural square, simple pavilion for angling, plastic-wooden sightseeing stand,
plastic-wooden guardrail, sewage treatment facilities and sewage pipelines for rural
tourism, construction of fecal treatment pool, construction of production facilities and
equipment as well as office occupancy, and industry promotion.
According to the feasibility study report of world bank loan Chinese poverty syndrome
District Industrial poverty alleviation pilot demonstration project in Guizhou project area,
construction projects of country roads include construction of 9km production roads
(Zhijin County), renovation of 291.6km production roads (cement hardening), and 288km
production shortcuts (cement hardening). 35.5km rural tourism roads (cement hardening)
and hardening on 75.4km sightseeing shortcuts hardening.
Based on type of facility construction, it was similar to Sichuan, thus impact analysis
would not be repeated since it was similar to Sichuan EIA. The major difference was that
Guizhou had facilities pertinent to rural tourism (construction of sewage treatment
facilities and sewage pipelines for rural tourism as well as construction of fecal treatment
pool), which should be prioritized in analysis as follows.
4.1 Environmental Impact Analysis in Construction Period
Infrastructure construction project in the Project was similar to that of Sichuan, thus
specific analysis on environmental impact in construction was similar to Sichuan EIA.
4.2 Environmental Impact Analysis in Operation Period
4.2.1 Environmental impact analysis of linear project in operating period
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The Project was in linear project operation, thus its analysis on environmental impact was
similar to Sichuan EIA.
4.2.2 Environmental impact analysis of non-linear project in operating period
The Assessment was analyzed on environmental impact in operation of rural tourism
project.
Based on the engineering analysis in Chapter II, rural tourism project in the Project was
rural tourism project developed in Xishui County and Tongzi County. In operation, its
major environmental impact included catering oily wastewater generated in restaurants,
domestic wastewater generated by tourists and staff members, household garbage
generated by tourists and staff members and stench generated by sewage treatment
facilities. EIA on rural tourism project in operation was as follows:
(1) Impact Analysis on Water Environment
① Domestic Wastewater
Tourism projects developed in the Project involved Dazhang Village, Xiaozhang Village
and Yangjiu Village in Xianyuan Town, Pingzi Village and Jiangyan Village in Fengshui
Township, Tongzi County, Daqing Village and Yuanmu Village in Rongguang Township,
Tongzi County. Domestic wastewater was generally domestic wastewater generated by
tourists and staff members, which was simple in composition without composition of
corrosion. Besides, given small emission, the domestic wastewater was uniformly
collected to rural sewage treatment facilities in villages. The emission had small impact
on the periphery after treatment, reaching Discharge Standard of pollutants for Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Plant(GB18918-2002)Standard III.
② Catering Oily Wastewater
Catering oily wastewater was generally kitchen wastewater such as wastewater from
cleaning dishes and food wastewater in the kitchen. As rural tourism projects involved in
the Project were constructed in the unit of household, catering oily wastewater generated
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by each household was little in average. The wastewater, after pre-treatment in oil
separator, flowed into rural sewage treatment facilities in villages with domestic
wastewater for treatment on up-to-standard emission, having small impact on the
periphery.
(2) Impact Analysis on Exhaust Gas
Exhaust gas generated in rural tourism projects was generally exhaust gas from kitchen
fume. The concentration of cooking fume before treatment was about 10-40mg/m3. After
treatment in fume purification devices recognized by environmental protection authorities,
cooking fume generated was led up to the roof for emission through special flues in
buildings. It was required that fume purification efficiency reached over 85% with fume
emission condensation≤2mg/m3, having small impact on air quality in the periphery.
(3) Impact Analysis on Solid Waste
Solid waste generated in the Project was generally household garbage and leftovers
generated by tourists and staff members.
Operation nature of the Project determined that household garbage in emission was
generally recyclable garbage such as beverage cans, waste paper and plastic package,
accounting for about 80% in total yield of garbage. Therefore, solid waste in the Project,
through the above classification and recycling, generated benefits from recycling and
greatly reduced total emission to the environment. Household garbage in actual emission
in the Project accounted for 20% of total yield. Given small emission and regular
category, after being collected by garbage centralized collection pool uniformly
constructed by all villages, garbage respectively sent to household garbage sanitary
landfill of Tongzi County and household garbage sanitary landfills of Xishui County for
sanitary filling will not exert negative influence on environment. Established in 2012 and
located at Daguan Village, Liaoyuan Town, the household garbage sanitary landfill of
Tongzi County adopts the sanitary landfill method and is 10km away from the project
with a daily garbage processing capacity of 100tons, a total storage capacity of
633,100m3 and an area of 151.12 Mu. Established in 2008 and located at Dongxing
Town, the household garbage sanitary landfill of Xishui County adopts the sanitary
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landfill method and is 15km away from the project with a daily garbage processing
capacity of 250tons and a total storage capacity of 2,120,000m3.
Kitchen leftovers included leftovers generated in cleaning food and leftovers generated in
catering. Its major content was organic substance such as vegetable and meat. It was
allowed to set special containers for collection. As raw materials for poultry breeding in
local agricultural households, for example, swine, it had no adverse impact on the
environment.
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5. Environmental Impact Analysis of Agricultural Activities
5.1 Environmental impact analysis of planting project
5.1.1 Overall process of planting
The planting industry of this project mainly aims to expand the planting of agricultural
products with characteristics and replant the favorable varieties. The crops planted
contain root vegetable (potato), traditional Chinese medicinal materials (Gastrodia Elata,
bamboo fungus, Dendrobium nobile, Salvia miltiorrhiza), peppers, tea and vegetables.
The main environmental problems that the planting industry faces are the fertilizer
pollution, pesticide pollution, farm-oriented plastics pollution and some ecological impact
problems due to application of agricultural production materials, as well as impact of
agricultural irrigation diversion to surface water environment.
(1) Chili Plantation
Make impact analysis on chili since its plantation quantity was the maximal.
① Selection of Variety
The variety suitable to plantation in Dafang County included Dafang dry chili and
cayenne pepper which were of high nutrition value, good taste, moderate piquancy and
high yield.
② Selection of Soil
Chili was not demanding on soil. The best choice would be plots which were previously
paddy field or which solanaceae crops were not planted, preventing solanaceae disease
out of continuous cropping. This project is grown mainly in Dafang County, planting
more generally choose planted Solanaceae crops in the absence of hillside,Meanwhile,
semi-sandy loam soil which was loose and fertile was optimal for plantation, which was
convenient in irrigation and drainage of no waterlogging in rainy days and powerful in
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water and fertilizer conservation. In order to prevent soil erosion, areas whose gradient
was over 25℃ were prohibited for reclamation and plantation. Besides, simple land
leveling was advised, preventing reclamation in plantation areas on a large scale and
reducing ecological damage and soil erosion from construction.
③ Soil Preparation
The growth period for chili was long and its root system was weak. Therefore, sound soil
and nutrition conditions were required for constant blossoming and yielding, plowing
10-15cm in depth before field planting. It was necessary to manure 5000kg per hectare
mixing 15kg-20kg of calcium phosphate, make ditches for short irrigation and drainage
mutually connecting with each other and leave no ponding in the field after raining.
④ Field Planting
It was advised to make field planting in optimum period and promote early rooting. Early
seedling was major principle for mastery of field planting period and administration after
field planting. Furrow planting or level planting was suitable for chili. It was necessary to
make shallow earthing in field planting followed by ridging. After field planting, sole
dependence on dry hardening of seedling would impair root system, thus small or no
hardening was advised for administration in chili seedling, promoting to the end.
⑤ Density of Field Planting
Compact chili plant was suitable for close planting. Proper close planting was conducive
to early ridging. Since earth surface was in shade and soil temperature and soil moisture
were of little change, root system would not be exposed to sunshine after rainstorms,
promoting root and seedling. Generally, density for chili production was 3000-4000 holes
(dual-plant) per hectare, line spacing was 50-60cm and row spacing was 25-30cm.
Generally, dual-plant or1 hole for 3 plants was applied. Means of field planting included
close planting for large ridges in single line, close planting for large and small ridges
alike and close planting for large ridges in dual-line and so on.
⑥ Field Management
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Chili preferred temperature, water and fertilizer. However, chili was susceptible to
disease, death and root burning in high temperature, flooding and excessive fertilizer
respectively. There were a variety of management requirements for different stages
throughout the growth period. It was necessary to promote root and seedling from field
planting to harvest; it was necessary to promote seedling and tap fruit from harvest to full
productive period; it was necessary to protect root and seedling in high-temperature
season, preventing seedling from withering and dying; it was necessary to enhance
administration in post-period of fruit yielding, increasing yield and revenue.
⑦ Chili Harvest
Generally, it was allowed to harvest 2-3 weeks after blossom fell when fruit fully
expanded in green color. Besides, fruit picking was also allowed when fruit turned yellow
or red and matured. It was necessary to pick in several times with carpopodium. Yield
would be enhanced if leaving more fruit on the plant.
Chili planting process was as follows:
Figure 5.1-4 Flow Chart for Chili Plantation
Soil preparation and field planting would have certain impact on surface earth, increasing
soil erosion while damaging vegetation.
(2) Rhizoma Gastrodiae Plantation
Planting process for rhizoma gastrodiae:
Site Selection: It is expected to select wet, ventilate and loose loam or sandy loam with
Soil
preparation
Field planting Field
management
Harvest
Soil erosion
and vegetation
deterioration
Chili
seedling
Soil erosion and vegetation
deterioration
Solid waste
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good water permeability and rich humus and a slope below 25 degrees. In alpine area, the
sunny slope at lee side should be selected for development. In places with low altitude
and tepid climate, the shady slope shall be selected for development. In the middle area of
mountain, wasteland half in sandy side and half in sunny side shall be selected.
Soil selection and preparation: gentle slope land and valley land which were rich in
organic materials in partial shade and partial sunshine were advised for plantation. Sandy
loam soil or sandy soil sound in drainage was advised, virgin soil in particular. It was
necessary to deeply plow land, fertilize base fertilizers and water permeable high-lipid
membrane spray on soil surface, preserving soil moisture, preventing water evaporation,
resisting sunshine and drought, keeping temperature and preventing freezing, preventing
soil hardening, suffocating and quarantining source of disease and pest.
Method of breeding: generally tuber breeding, seed breeding was optional as well.
① Tuber Breeding: winter planting or spring planting. The inoculation rate for rhizoma
gastrodiae of winter breeding was high with rapid growth in November. Spring planting
was in March and April. It was necessary to foster bacteria bed before plantation. The
variety of tree suitable for halimasch growth was advised and broad-leaved tree with
thick bark, hard essence and strong decay resistance was optimal.
② Seed Breeding: it was necessary to choose arrow gastrodiae of over 100g and pick
and plant in the above method. It was necessary to prevent sunshine in bolting and make
hand pollination in blossoming. The time for pollination was 10:00 a.m. in sunny days,
making pollination when flower loomed beside medicine cap edge. After pollination, it
was necessary to use plastic bag to cover cluster. When slight quantity of seeds spilled
out from fruit below, it should be necessary to pick mature fruit. Since seeds of rhizoma
gastrodiae were in short life, the picked capsules should be sown in time.
Field management: it was necessary to make fine management on rhizoma gastrodiae
after plantation, preventing it from being treaded by humans and animals. Thick soil
covering was advised together with leaf coverage for anti-freezing; in high-temperature
period from June to August, it was necessary to put up a shed or interplant high-stalk
crops for shade. It was necessary to clear drainage ditches out of puddles in time before
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rainy days came, preventing tuber from decaying. It was necessary to spray high-lipid for
conserving fertilizer and moisture, keeping temperature and resisting freezing.
Harvest: generally, temperature in harvest season was below 12℃, i.e., it was in
hibernation with good quality. November and December were optimal seasons for
harvest. It was necessary to harvest in batches based on processing conditions.
Planting process for rhizoma gastrodiae was as follows:
Figure 5.1-2 Flow Chart for Rhizoma Gastrodiae Plantation
In field plantation, pitting in excavation would have certain impact on soil surface,
increasing soil erosion. Meanwhile, plantation on large scale in primeval forest of
rhizoma gastrodiae would result in damage on habitats for some species and disturbance
on its normal growth and breeding.
(3) Dendrobium Plantation
Dendrobium was a medicinal plant, preferring warm, humid and semi-shady
environment. Subtropical mountains and forests were optimal since their annual rainfall
was over 1000mm, air humidity was over 80% and average temperature in January was
higher than 8℃. Dendrobium was not demanding on soil fertilizer, which generally grew
on loose and thick bark or trunk wildly or between stones sometimes.
Plantation process for dendrobium:
Soil selection: it was necessary to choose uncontaminated places with fresh air far away
from roads and factories where altitude was 230-800m, rocks were comparatively
Soil selection
and preparation
Breeding and
plantation
Field
management
Harvest
Soil erosion
and vegetation
deterioration
Fine seeds of
rhizoma
gastrodiae
Bacteria + timber
Soil erosion and vegetation
deterioration
Solid waste
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centralized, the stone was loose, rough and moisture absorption, moss was likely to grow
or grew on the stone, there were broad-leaved forests, the rate of shaded area reached
60%-70% and there was source of pure water.
Soil preparation: it was necessary to choose good venue and remove bushes and weeds,
deadwood, fallen leaves and soil. Besides, it was advised to prevent moss on the stone
from being lifted in clearing weeds and bushes. The venue should be maintained neat and
clean.
Method of breeding: generally, it was necessary to plant dendrobium in spring since
spring was humid with gradually larger rainfall which was conducive to breeding
survival. It was necessary to choose healthy dendrobium without disease or pest, cut old
stems of over 3 years old for medicine and new stems of two years old for breeding. In
breeding, it was necessary to cut lengthy old root, leaving 2-3cm and separating seed and
stem. 2 to 3 stems were for each gram. Then it was necessary to plant clinging to the
stone.
Plantation clinging to the stone: it was necessary to dig a recess per row spacing of 30cm
on the stone in selection. It was advised to stir cow dung with sludge, coat a lamina on
seed and stem and stuff into stone cavity or stone groove, maintaining steadiness and
preventing it from falling off. It was necessary to stuff finger stone to fix.
Field management: in terms of watering, it was necessary to frequently water and
moisturize since air temperature was low in post-plantation of dendrobium, using sprayer
to water; in terms of topdressing, topdressing was required in barren soil for dendrobium.
The first topdressing was near Tomb-sweeping Day, generally mixture of nitrogenous
fertilizer, swine and cow dung and canal mud. The second topdressing was near
Beginning of Winter, generally plastering mixture of peanut, rape cake, calcium
superphosphate and canal mud on the root with topdressing beyond the root as well; it
was necessary to adjust canopy density which should be about 60% for dendrobium
growth and frequently trim branches on epiphytic trees, preventing over-shading or
inadequate canopy density; in terms of trimming branches, it was necessary to pluck old
stems, cut withering stems in the bush, remove ill and weak steams as well as ill roots in
each spring when it sprouted. Six to eight years after plantation, it was necessary to
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renovate stems and re-breed depending on circumstances of stem growth.
Harvest: it was necessary to harvest at the end of each spring, cutting stems of over three
years old and leaving immature stems for growth.
The plantation process for dendrobium was as follows:
Figure 5.1-3 Flow Chart for Dendrobium Plantation
In field plantation, recess in excavation would have certain impact on soil surface,
increasing soil erosion and damaging vegetation to some extent.
(4) Tea Plantation
① Soil Selection
a The suitable temperature for tea trees was 20—30℃ and its suitable rainfall was
1000—2000ml annually.
b Selection of terrain: tea garden should be built in hill country whose gradient is below
25°.The most ideal would be gentle slope which was centralized and well-organized
without water accumulation. Steep slope was not advised. The slope was advised to be
south-oriented or southeast-oriented.
c Soil pH of 5.6—6.5 was the most optimal. In soil with pH below 4.5 or above 6.5,
tea trees would be undergrowth with small yield. It was necessary to use pH reagent or
mixed indicator to meter; it was also advised to observe whether there were acid indicator
plants on barren mountains to be reclaimed such as azalea, masson pine and diranopteris
Soil selection and
preparation
Breeding and
planting
Field management Harvest
Soil erosion and
vegetation
deterioration
Fine breed for
dendrobium
Stone or tree + cow dung
Soil erosion and vegetation
deterioration
Solid waste
99
dichotoma. Tea plant was calciphobous plant. It was advised to use 10% hydrochloric
acid to dip on the soil to meter the content of calcium carbonate in the soil. In case of
bubble, it would indicate non-acid soil which was not suitable for tea plantation. Soil
layer: the soil layer should be over 80cm in depth and loose. Viscid disc layer was not
allowed to appear in subsoil and broken viscid disc layer should be fertilized with organic
fertilizer for soil improvement, preventing it from re-formation. Standard for soil and
underground water: tea trees would grow well on sandy loam soil, loam and clay loam
soil while growing poorly on lithic sandy soil and clay soil. The level of underground
water should be below 1m.
② Reclamation in Tea Garden: it was necessary to clear weeds, trees, stones and soil pile
etc. first of all after selecting soil; it was advised to make primary reclamation which was
over 50cm in depth, eliminating weeds, tree roots and perennial roots etc.; it was required
to re-reclaim which was over 30cm in depth before plantation, further clearing surface.
Tea plantation shall be cultivated along with the contour line. Tea cannot be planted along
with the slope in long patches.
③ Manure Base Fertilizer: deep reclamation and manuring base fertilizer deepened loose
soil layer, creating sound conditions for expansion of tea tree roots and offering full
fertilizers for growth of tea trees. Generally, it was necessary to make deep reclamation
for over 50cm and manure certain quantity of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer in
appropriate ratio of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. It was advised to manure 1500
~2500Kg of agricultural fertilizer, 200~300Kg of oil cake and 50~100Kg of
phosphatic fertilizer per hectare. After mixing fertilizer and soil in a balanced way, it
should be necessary to cover soil 5~10cm above surface.
④ Selection of Suitable Fine Breed: it was necessary to select clone fine breed variety in
the provincial or state level which was suitable for local growth and characterized of high
yield, quality, strong stress resistance, early germ and tidy trait etc. for tea garden.
⑤ Rational Close Planting: dual-line and dual-plant, 150cm for large line spacing, 40cm
for small line spacing and 30cm for nest spacing.
(5) Vegetable (taking the celery cabbage in autumn as an example)
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①Selection of Fine Disease-resistant Variety
② Soil Selection: it was necessary to choose places which were exposed to the sun
where no high trees or buildings for shade and the sunlight there was sufficient; it was
necessary to choose flat plots; it was required of appropriate soil fertility, sufficient water
and nutrition supply, deep and thick soil layer, proper tightness of farming layer,
moderate texture in sand clay, soil in proper pH, appropriate level of underground water
and without heavy metal and other toxic substance pollution; meanwhile, it was necessary
to choose plots close to water source and sound in irrigation and drainage.
③ Meticulous Soil Preparation and Full Base Fertilizer: based on rating standards for
vegetable farmland soil fertility, 5000kg of thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer of
quality was advised, together with 25kg of ammonium dibasic phosphate, 15kg of
potassic fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer.
④ Breeding in Due Time, Aug. 3rd-8th was optimal for sowing time. Before breeding, it
was required to mix agentia with high lipid membrane and Caifengning or metalaxyl was
applicable.
⑤ Regulatory Plantation: it was necessary to plant in rectangular pieces of land which
was small and high, which was not allowed to exceed 20m in length. Pattern of
four-partition-one or six-partition-one was advised, which was conducive to watering and
preventing diseases and pests. In case of watermelons as primary crops, it shall be
advised to choose rigid plantation.
⑥Close Plantation: it was optimal to make final seedling of celery cabbage at the end of
August with 1800~2000 plants per hectare.
⑦ Enhancing Seedling Management: it was necessary to “water seeds for three times
and water trees for five times”; it was advised to prevent aphid and cabbage caterpillar in
time and choose new pollution-free fertilizer biological soap or efficient cypermethrin
emulsifiable concentrate etc.
⑧ Administration in Rosette Period: the key was hardening of seedling. The time for
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hardening of seedling depended on seedling circumstances, generally 10~20 days. It was
necessary to manure 20kg of urea or 50kg of ammonium sulfate for about 22 leaves,
water and conduct hardening of seedling in intermediate plowing. Prevention against
diseases and pests: it was necessary to prevent against aphid and cabbage caterpillar as
well as downy mildew and black spot.
⑨ Enhancing Management on Core Period:management on fertilizer and water and
prevention against disease and pest were critical. Based on fertilization principles for
celery cabbage, it was necessary to prevent one-off manuring of fertilizer to celery
cabbage, focus on manuring as scheduled and reduce the occurrence of unreasonable
atmosphere such as shortage of fertilizer and too much fertilizer in prior period. Besides,
in order to prevent quality reduction in the following days due to pests, aphid in
particular, it should be necessary to prevent against pests in combination of prevention
against disease.
5.1.2 Impact analysis of fertilizer pollution
The major environmental problems caused by fertilizer pollution are: firstly water source
pollution, leading to shortage of domestic water and damaging the health of people due to
drinking the polluted water. Secondly, the rivers, lakes and inner seas are led to
eutrophication. The residual fertilizers in soils are flashed by rainstorm into water body,
aggravating the eutrophication of water body and causing reproduction of waterweeds.
Many ponds, reservoirs and lakes turn stink and become dead water for that reason.
Besides, due to the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus contents in water, the underwater
plants such as algae multiply excessively. Thirdly, fertilizer pollution may acidize soils
and deteriorate the physical properties. Once certain nutrient element is excessive in soil,
it may reduce the absorbing performance of soil for other elements so as to damage the
internal balance of soil and lead to hardening of soil. Fourthly, the toxic components in
foods and feeds will increase, and harming the human health.
5.1.3 Impact analysis of pesticides
(1) Current status of pesticide use
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In order to prevent, eradicate, remove or lighten the damages to crops and economic
forests by harmful organisms such as any injurious insect, acarid, fungus, nematode,
weeds, rodents and mollusk, always spray pesticides during different planting stage of
agricultural crops.
According to the resources, the pesticides are divided into: mineral pesticides, biogenic
pesticides and synthetic organic pesticides.
① Mineral pesticide: the pesticides originating from natural mineral resources such as
inorganic compound and petro are collectively known as mineral pesticide, including:
Bordeaux mixture, lime sulphur, aluminium phosphide, diesel emulsion, engine oil
emulsion.
② Biogenic pesticides: pesticides developed by biological resources including animals,
plants and microorganism.
a. Botanical pesticides: nicotine, azadirachtin, veratrine, rotenone, etc.
b. Microbe pesticides:
Agricultural antibiotic: validamycin, avermectins, ivermectin, kasugamycin, polyoxins,
oxytetracycline, streptomycin.
Living microbe pesticides: fungus (beauveria bassiana, green muscardine fungus),
bacteria (agritol, bacillus subtilis), virus (Helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid
nucleopolyhedrovirus, granulosis virus, utographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus).
Such kind of pesticides are generally low toxic for human and livestock, pollution free,
safe for agricultural crops, and difficult to form drug-resistance by insect pests. They are
recommended to use. However, it is hard to apply in large scale due to the limited
resources.
③ Synthetic organic pesticides:
The synthetic organic pesticides are synthesized manually and produced through
chemical industry, among which there are biomimetic synthetic pesticides simulatively
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synthesized with natural products active substances as matrix or restructured with that as
template to synthesize similar compounds with better effect. The characteristics of such
pesticides are high effect, quick effective result, less dosage, extensive purpose, and
suitable for various demands. However, they are easy to pollute environment and make
insect pests generate drug-resistance, and unsafe for human and livestock. Such pesticides
contain: tebuconazole, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, paraquat, kresoxim-methyl and
Azoxystrobin, etc.
(2) Problems of pesticide use
① The phenomena of improper variety selection and unreasonable drug selection are
universal, such as controlling lepidoptera pests by imidacloprid;
② The pesticide application period and dosage are incorrect, and the dosage is
“extensive” by feel mostly;
③ Multiple pesticides are mixed and used unreasonably. The ideal control efficiency
cannot be reached, and on the contrary, it makes the drug-resistance problems more
prominent.
(3) Environmental impact analysis generated by pesticides
① Environmental impact on air
During spraying the pesticide, some pesticides form fine drops and suspend in the air,
causing air pollution. Generally, about 40% of pesticides applied are attached on the
plants, among which 1-4% can extinguish insect pests, 40% fall to the soil and 20% float
in the air. Among the pesticides floating in the air, finally 60% drop to the ground and
40% are photolyzed directly in the air.
② When applying the pesticides, most will drop on ground surface. The pesticides
attached on the crops will drop to the surface by wind and rain. Besides, the application
methods such as seed soaking and seed dressing make pesticides directly enter the soil.
Moreover, the pesticides are directly applied on the soil through soil treatment of weed
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killer and bactericide.
The pollution degree of pesticide on farmlands relates to varieties and cultivation
situations of crops. The farmlands with higher cultivation management level and
cropping indexes have more serious pesticide pollution degree due to large dosage. If the
pesticide varieties cannot be selected strictly and the pesticides application dosage cannot
be controlled strictly, or the strict management of pesticide is ignored, the pesticide will
residual and pollute soils, and enter the body of human and livestock through food chain,
and cause poison. Sometimes, the improper use of pesticides during production may lead
to poisoning events.
About 80% residual pesticides are distributed to the surface soil layer 0-20cm deep. With
the deepening of the soil layer, the concentration of residual pesticides drops gradually to
the soil layer below 50cm, which are hard to be detected. The current water table of the
project is between 5-30m. With the exploitation of underground water, the water table
will drop 1-4cm approximately, and the project adopts spraying irrigation water saving
technology without infiltration of massive irrigation water. Therefore, generally, the
insoluble pesticides or small soluble pesticides will not infiltrate through soil and cause
pollution to the underground water of the evaluation area.
5.1.4 Pollution impact analysis of farm-oriented plastics
At present, the commonly used plastics are mulching film, packaging plastic bottles and
various plastic packing bags.
The cultivation measure of plastic film mulching can improve soil temperature and
preserve soil moisture so that crops can be sowed, planted in advance, harvested earlier
and increase production. This measure is especially effect in the mountain area of this
project, because the altitude here is high, temperature in Spring is low, and growing
reason is short. PVC and PE films are the two plastic films used mostly in current
agricultural production, among which PVC film is used with the longest promotion and
application time and the most quantity in agricultural production due to its favorable
comprehensive performance. PE film is the variety promoted and applied in recent years,
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and the usage increases greatly due to its outstanding performance. The usage is 3~
37.5kg per hectare. Every year, about 50-80% farm-oriented will be left in soil.
The packing plastic bottles used in this project are for the fungus used during planting
process of gastrodia elata. If the plastic bottles abandoned by farmers arbitrarily in
mountains or farmlands, the environment will be impacted to a certain degree.
(1) Hazards to soil environment
Soil infiltration is a phenomenon that water infiltrates toward deeper layer of soil due to
free gravity. The plastic film residues in soil change or cut the continuity of soil pore
space, so the gravity water may generate larger resistance while moving, and the gravity
water moves downward slowly. In that case, the water infiltration capacity reduces due to
the increase of plastic film residues, and the soil moisture content will drops therewith so
as to weaken the drought resistance ability of farmland, and even lead to hard infiltration
of underground water, and causing serious result of secondary salinization of soil. In
addition, the plastic film residuals impact on physical properties of soil and restrict the
growth and development of crops.
(2) Hazards to crops
The plastic film residues impact and damage the physical and chemical properties of soil,
so it is inevitably difficult for root system of crops to grow and develop. The soil with
plastic film residues will hinder the connection of root system and impact on normal
absorbance of water and nutrients; when applying fertilizers between plants of crops, the
large plastic film residues are isolated so as to isolate fertilizers, impact on fertilizer effect
and reduce the productivity of the crops.
(3) Impact on rural environment and landscape
Due to the limitation of plastic film residue recovery as well as incomplete recovery and
improper method, the plastic film residues cleaned out are abandoned beside and on the
edge of fields. The residues will be blown by wind to houses, fields, treetops so as to
impact the rural environment and landscapes and form “visual pollution”.
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(4) Hazards to livestock
After the exposed plastic film residues on the ground are collected with grasses, and the
goat eat that by mistakes, hey will obstruct esophagus and impact on digestion, even
leading to death.
5.1.5 Impact analysis of planning project on ecological system
The project locates in rural area, and the present situation of land use contains farmland,
forest and pasture. The vegetation coverage is favorable, and major crops planted in
farmlands contain wheat, forage grass and potatoes, and the major trees in forest are
mainly cypress, wild shrub and forage grass. The impact of plantation on ecological
system is the non-profit source pollution generated by land usage change, ecological
function, landscape and living environment change, and use of fertilizer and pesticides.
(1) Impact of water and soil loss
In the project area, the plantation area shall be expanded, and some areas involve in
barren fields treatment. The barren field treatment and supporting road construction will
make the ground surface in loose and exposed status, which will provide underlying
surface foundation for ground torrent and water erosion, and meanwhile provides
material conditions for wind erosion. During barren field treatment, the flat lands may
possibly block the fold discharge gully. Provided the planned floodwater drainage ditch
cannot put into use in time and play its role effectively, the development section might be
intensively brushed by sudden flood so as to cause serious water and soil loss.
(2) Land use change
The land of this planting project is originally farmland and barren land without new
reclamation of land. Only the treatment of barren land will be conducted to keep
originally terrain. The large-scale leveling will not be conducted. The original crops are
mainly wheat, potato, forage grass and brushes. After the implementation of this planting
project, the sweet oranges, walnuts and forage grasses will be planted. The land use status
will change little while only the crops planted will be changed.
107
After the project is implemented, the human activities such as reasonable irrigation,
farming, fertilizing and planting will change the original characteristics of natural soils,
accelerate soil ripening, and improve and production and service performances of soil.
(3) Impact on biological diversity
The improper introduction of new species may lead to mass reproduction of a single
species population and damage of ecological equilibrium. No new species will be
introduced in this project. The economic fruit-bearing forest shall avoid large-scale
planting of single tree species. The strong disease-resistance local tree species, such as
walnuts and Chinese chestnuts, shall be planted. The quarantine is necessary when some
new species are introduced to prevent from accompanying with plant diseases and insect
pests.
After the implementation of this planting project, the diversity of the original ecological
environment will be changed, leading to simplification of some species in local area. The
single-tree planting will reduce the ecological diversity in agroecological system, cause
plant diseases and insect pests easily and impact on the growth of crop forest. The
pesticide spraying frequency and dose shall be increased in order to control the plant
diseases and insect pests. However, that will cause environmental protection. Meanwhile,
the use of large amount of pesticides will kill the natural enemy of the insect pests, and
help the rapid reproduction of insect pests. The minor plant diseases and insect pests will
become the primary ones, causing vicious circle.
To avoid the adverse effect of single-tree planting, the environmental impact assessment
suggests reducing the planting density in areas planting in rows, promoting the growth of
other species and alternatively planting other crops between rows.
(4) Analysis of impact on landscapes
When the project is completed, the landscape elements and structure will be changed
obviously in assessment area due to the change of land use method. In this case, the
quality of landscape ecological system may change. Compared with the current situation,
the landscape elements and structure within the area changed obviously in aspects of
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vegetation type and variety; the growing plants in the planting area may form certain
scale, and the change of landscape pattern may help perfect and improve the ecological
environment within the area. In later stages, the ecological tourism projects such as rural
home inns can be carried out gradually to promote the benign, cycling and
multidirectional development of ecological agriculture.
5.2 Environmental impact analysis of breeding project
5.2.1 Feeding process and pollution generation analysis
The feeding project mainly involves in chicken and goat. The feeding area has abundant
feed and forage grass resources, and in local area, certain feeding habits have been
formed. The goat feeding is developed in Xishui. The variety is Qianbei Ma Goat, and the
feeding method is retail feeding (at maximum 80 goats /household). The chicken feeding
is developed in Chishui and Tongzi. The feeding varieties are Chishui black-bone chicken
and Huaqiu local chicken, and the feeding method is intensive captive breeding by
cooperative and peasant households.
The breeding project is mainly to fatten the livestock without slaughtering. The sewage
water generated by breeding process is mainly from the waste water flushing urine and
excrement of livestock and colony houses; the stink is mainly generated by urine and
excrement of livestock and from the excrement composting; the solid wastes are mainly
from excrement of livestock and livestock died of diseases generated during feeding; the
noise is mainly from crow and bleat.
109
Figure 5.2-1 Flow Path Chart and Diagram of Production Pollution for Chicken
Breeding Project
Colony house and auxiliary
facility installation
Waste gas
Waste gas
Construction dust
Vehicle off-gas
Construction waste water
Sanitary wastewater
Noise Construction equipment
Solid
waste
Construction waste
Household garbage
Ecology
Vegetation damage
Water and soil loss
Silage feed
Smashing
Mixed batch
Colony house feeding
Take-out
Marketing
Feeding odor
Vehicle off-gas
Waste gas
Waste gas
Solid
waste
Noise
Excrement liquid
Washing waste water
Domestic sewage
Methane tank
Agricultural irrigation
Bleat and grunting
Transportation vehicles
Transportation vehicles
Greening and sound isolation measures
Goat manure Used as farmland organic fertilizer after composting
Household garbage
Intensively collect and transport to household garbage yard for landfill
Placenta Take-out or landfill
Dead bodies Fill in safety well
110
5.2.2 Environmental impact analysis of surface water
According to status survey, the areas where the breeding project locates will solve the
water by mountain pond or building reservoir. According to the water consumption norm
for animal husbandry in Industrial Water Consumption Norm of Guizhou Province
(DB52/T725-2011), the water consumption of breeding project is as follows:
Table 5.2-1 Water consumption of livestock feeding in each project area
Project
implementing
county
Project
name
Normative value
( L/100• Day) Scale
Water
consumption
(m3/d)
Chishui City Black-bone
chicken 1 550000 550
Tongzi County
Huaqiu
local
chicken
1 300000 300
Xishui County Goat 20 14850 297
Total water consumption (m3/d) 1147
The water for feeding will be provided by mountain ponds. Complete mountain ponds are
built in each project area. This project mainly focuses on retail feeding, so it will not
cause the difficulty of livestock water. The drinking water of the project area is adequate,
and livestock water can be satisfied.
The main waste water of the breeding project is mainly from colony house washing water
and urines of livestock.
The colony house shall implement dry collection process according to the maximum
allowable water discharge volume (by calculation in summer) for dry collection process
in Standard for Pollutant Discharge of Livestock and Poultry Industry (GB18596-2001)
as shown in Table 5.4.
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Table 5.2-1 Livestock feeding water discharge in each project area
No.
Project
implementing
county
Project
name Normative value Scale
Water
discharge
(m3/d)
1 Chishui City Black-bone
chicken 0.7m
3/Thousand ·d 550000 385
2 Tongzi
County
Huaqiu
local
chicken
0.7m3/Thousand ·d 300000 210
3 Xishui
County Goat 0.6 m
3/Hundred ·d 14850 89.1
4 Total water discharge: 684.1 m3/d
Remarks: according to Guide for Construction and Investment of Rural Small-sized
Livestock and Poultry Feeding Pollutant Prevention Project (approved and issued by
Ministry of Environmental Protection on Nov. 11, 2013), three goats are converted to the
equivalent of one pig, and the normative value of goat feeding is 0.6 m3/one hundred
goats ·d.
The feeding waste water contains urines of livestock and washing water of colony house.
The waste water contains high organic concentration, high nitrogen and phosphorus
content, more suspended solids, large stink and high pollution load. Besides, the
difference is great in aspects of livestock variety, feeding management level, climate and
seasons. This project adopts dry collection method for excrement. The waste water
concentration complies with main water pollutants generation and property for livestock
and poultry feeding in Table A2 in Best Available Technical Guide for Pollution
Prevention in Scale Livestock and Poultry Farm (Trail). The production of waste water
quality and pollutants can be seen in Table 5.2-2.
Figure 5.2-2 Flow Path Chart and Diagram of Production Pollution for Goat
Breeding Project
Project
implementing
county
Type of
waste
water
Waste
water
volume
(m3/a)
Indexes
Pollutant
COD NH3-N TP TN
Chishui City
Tongzi
Waste
water 140525
Concentration
(mg/ L) 10500 600 60 750
112
County from
chicken
feeding
Production
volume (t/a) 1475.51 84.32 8.43 105.39
Xishui
County
Chishui City
Waste
water
from
chicken
feeding
76650
Concentration
(mg/ L) 10500 600 60 750
Production
volume (t/a) 804.82 45.99 4.60 57.49
Tongzi
County
Waste
water
from
goat
feeding
32521.5
Concentration
(mg/ L) 1790 300 40 60
Production
volume (t/a) 58.21 9.76 1.30 1.95
Remarks: the concentration of waste water from goat feeding is obtained according to
analogy.
The feeding projects implement increment and urine separation. Meanwhile, the gully
shall be built around the colony house to collect the washing waste water. The colony
house shall be washed regularly. The waste water, after collected by gully, will flow to
biogas digester for anaerobic digestion. The sewage, after anaerobic digestion, will be
used to fertilize the farmland, and the biogas generated will be used for living fuels of
peasant households.
The sewage, after anaerobic digestion in biogas digester, will be used to fertilize the
farmland and will not discharge outside. The impact on surface water environment is
small.
5.2.3 Environmental impact analysis of underground water
The livestock water used in this feeding project will be supplied by mountain pond or
reservoir without taking the underground water. It will not impact on the underground
water level and resource volume in that region. The main approaches polluting the
underground water of the feeding project during the operating period are:
(1) The feeding project uses biogas digester and excrement treating pond as temporary
storage and treatment facilities. The biogas digester and excrement treating pond may
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cause pollutant infiltration by reasons such as impermeable layer damage, thin
adhesive-bonded joint or sewage pipeline damage so as to pollute shallow groundwater.
The possibility of that pollution approach is small. Once occurred, it is difficult to be
found, and the pollution and impact caused is large. Therefore, the management shall be
strengthened to avoid the occurrence of infiltration.
(2) Provided the control measures for the livestock excrement temporary storage yard are
inappropriate, it is easy to generate percolates and pollute underground water.
(3) In rainstorm day, if the rainwater is not discharged smoothly, the rainwater with toxic
and harmful substances will infiltrate into the earth surface near livestock colony house,
and pollute the underground water.
(4) The feeding waste water will not be discharged, and some will return to farmland
through treatment. Therefore, it might generate certain impact on regional underground
water.
5.2.4 Analysis and forecast of acoustic environment impact
The main noise of this feeding project is from bleat, and the noise resource is 75~
85dB(A). The noise can be treated approximately as point acoustic source. In view of the
noise attenuated from different ranges, the contribution value of sound source to the
nearby sensitivity protection objective is calculated, and the contribution value of sound
source is analyzed. The attenuation mode is as follows:
Lp=Lpo-20lg(r/ro)-△L
In this formula:
Lp—— Predicted value of construction noise r m from sound resource, dB(A);
Lpo——Reference sound level ro m from the sound resource, dB(A);
ro—— Measure point distance of Lpo noise (5m or 1m), m.
△L——Noise attenuation after taking various measures, dB(A).
According to the prediction mode of point source attenuation, the attenuation situations of
noise with distance calculated can be seen in the following table.
Table 5.2-4 Predicted value of bleat from different distances
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Noise
source
Original
noise Noise after attenuation dB(A)
dB(A) 10m 15m 20m 40m 60 m
Bleat 80 60 56.5 54.0 47.9 44.4
According to the predicted result of noise and without regard to attenuation, the noise
contribution value from 10m is 60dB. This feeding project locates in Class 2 region
regulated in Environmental Quality Standards for Noise (GB3096-2008). If measures are
not taken, the noise at night may exceed standards possibly.
5.2.5 Prediction and assessment of air environmental impact
The waste gas of the feeding project is mainly the stink gas generated from colony house
and temporary composting yard. The excrement and urines of livestock mainly generate
noxious gas of ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide. Without removal in time, the stink
will double and further to generate the repugnant gases of methyl merecaptan, dimethyl
disulfide, dimethyl sulfide and dimethylamine, and breed many mosquitoes and flies,
serious impacting on environment and hygiene. The physical and chemical properties of
several major repugnant gases can be seen in Table 5.2-5:
Table 5.2-5 Physical and chemical properties of repugnant substances
Repugnant
substances Molecular formula
Olfactory threshold
(ppm)
Characteristics of
odor gas
Trimethylamine (COH3)N 0.000027 Smelly fish
Ammonia NH3 1.54 Pungent taste
Hydrogen sulfide H2S 0.0041 Rotten egg
Skatoxyl sulfuric
acid —— 0.0000056 Excrement
This feeding project belongs to retail feeding, and the largest feeding scale for goats is
80 goats/household. The chicken feeding adopts combined method of intensive and retail
feeding. The Huaqiu local chickens in Tongzi County are fed by retail households, with
100 – 200 chickens every household and totally 2258 households. The black-bone chicks
in Chishui County are cultivated intensively. There are 50 intensive cultivation booths
and 11000 chickens in each booth.
According to the research data and analogical survey of Biological Control Technology
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for Large-scale Farm Repugnant Substances to be Solved (Zhang Kechun, Ye
Chengrong), a farm with 10000 pigs will discharge 15.9kg/h NH3 and 1.45 kg/h H2S.
According to the discharge capacity converting method in Guide for Construction and
Investment of Rural Small-sized Livestock and Poultry Feeding Pollutant Prevention
Project (approved and issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection on Nov. 11, 2013):
20 chickens converting to one pig and three goats converting to one pig, a farm with
10000 chickens will discharge NH3 0.795kg/h and H2S 0.0725kg/h, and a farm with
10000 goats will discharge NH3 5.3kg/h and H2S0.48kg/h to the air. The generation of
feeding waste gas pollutants in project implementation area can be seen in Table 5.2-3.
Table 5.2-3 List of Waste Gas Pollutants in Project Implementation Area
No.
Project
implementing
county
Project
name Scale NH3(kg/h) H2S(kg/h)
1 Chishui City Black-bone
chicken 550,000 43.72 3.99
2 Tongzi
County
Huaqiu local
chicken 300,000 23.85 2.18
3 Xishui
County
Qianbei Ma
Goat 14850 7.87 0.71
For the Black-bone chicken feeding in Chishui City, the largest discharge of NH3 is
43.72kg/h (0.87kg/h per booth) and the largest discharge of H2S is 3.99kg/h (0.08kg/h per
booth); for the Huaqiu local chicken feeding in Tongzi County, the largest discharge of
NH3 is 23.85kg/h (10.56g/h per household) and the largest discharge of H2S is 2.18kg/h
(0.96g/h per household).
The project regions mostly locate in rural areas with favorable environmental quality
status. Based on strengthening colony house daily management, cleanness keeping, and
removal of animal excrement in time, the impact of malodorous gases to ambient
environment can be reduced effectively.
5.2.6 Environmental impact analysis of solid waste
After the implementation of this feeding project, the solid wastes are mainly livestock
excrement, feed residue, feed processing dusts, and dead livestock.
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(1) Livestock excrement
Pursuant to the requirements of Technical Specification for Livestock and Poultry
Industry Pollution Management Project (HJ497-2009) and Technical Specification for
Livestock and Poultry Industry Pollution Control (HT/T81-2001), this feeding project
adopts dry collection method for current goat colony house . The clean collection method
sets a slope below the slatted floor of goat house to separate solid from liquid. When the
excrement leaked and dropped on the slope, the excrement and sewage will be
automatically separated in the goat house. The dry excrement will be removed manually
every day. The residual excrement and urines will be discharged from the sewer, flowed
to the sewage collection system and treated separately then.
Pursuant to the excrement discharge of different animals in Table A2 of Appendix A in
Technical Specification for Livestock and Poultry Industry Pollution Management
Project (HJ497-2009), the excrement discharge of this project can be seen in Table 5.2-4.
Table 5.2-4 List of excrement discharge in feeding project implementing counties
No.
Project
implementing
county
Project
name Scale
Nominal
value
(kg/one. a)
Annual
excrement
(t/a)
1 Chishui City Black-bone
chicken 550,000 25.2 13860
2 Tongzi
County
Huaqiu local
chicken 300,000 25.2 7560
3 Xishui
County
Qianbei Ma
Goat 14850 133 1975.05
Remarks: the normative value of Qianbei Ma Goat shall be estimated by three goats
equaling to one pig.
The excrements of livestock can be lost by water washing. During the stacking process,
the excrements are easy to enter the water body. Provided the excrements cannot be
collected and treated normatively, they may cause larger pollution to the quality of
underground water.
117
The direct application without treatment or excessive application of livestock excrements
to plantation will lead to over growth and even poison of crops. If the livestock
excrement cannot be removed in time, malodorous gas generation will be increased. The
large amount of poisonous and harmful components such as ammonia and hydrogen
sulfide will seriously impact on the air quality near the farm, harm the health of workers
in farm and nearby residents, and impact the growth of livestock. Moreover, livestock
excrements contain large amount of pathogenic microorganism: parasitic ovum and bred
mosquitoes and flies, which increase the varities of pathogenies in the environment, and
the bacterium amount. The large amount reproduction of pathogenic bacteria and
parasitic ovum cause the spreading of human and livestock’s infectious diseases. In case
of parasitic zoonosis, the epidemic situation will occur and bring catastrophic hazards of
human and livestock.
According to the regulations of Technical Specification for Livestock and Poultry
Industry Pollution Control (HT/T81-2001), the livestock and poultry excrements must be
conducted non-hazardous treatment and comply with Sanitary Standard for the
Non-hazardous Treatment of Might Soil (GB 7959—1987). After that, the land can be
used. It is forbidden to directly apply the untreated livestock and poultry excrement to
farmland. The compost after non-hazardous treatment must comply with the requirements
of Table 5.2-5.
Table 5.2-5 Sanitary standards of high temperature compost
No. Project Sanitary standard
1 Compost temperature The highest composting temperature reaches over 50~
55℃, lasting for 5~7 days
2 Mortality of ascarid egg 95-100%
3 Faecal coliforms 101-102
4 Fly Effectively control breeding of fly, no living maggot,
pupa or newly hatched fly near the excrement
After the livestock excrement generated, collect and transport to the livestock excrement
treatment yard, and then use as farmyard manure after treatment of fermentation, fly
maggot extinguishment and disinfection.
(2) Feed residue
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The feed residue which can be collected will be processed to use as feed after collection,
and which cannot be collected will ferment and compost together with livestock
excrement.
(3) Death of diseased and newborn livestock
The treatment of animals died of disease will be strictly according to relevant
requirements of hygiene and disease control and conducted by qualified units; the
breeders shall put treatment procedures and evidences of animals died of diseases into file
for the convenience of supervision and management of environmental protection
department.
Without infectious diseases and the case fatality rate of chicken will be calculated
according to 10% of total number, and case fatality rate of goats will be 2%. In
accordance with the requirements for treatment and disposition of livestock and poultry
died of diseases in Technical Specification for Livestock and Poultry Industry Pollution
Control (HT/T81-2001), the project villages generally have not conditions for burning the
body of goats died of disease. Three or more safety landfill wells shall be set, which
should be concrete structure with 3m depth and diameter of 2m, and covered. When
filling, after inputting the body of livestock and poultry, cover a layer of 10cm or thicker
slaked lime, and seal and compact on by clay.
Table 5.2-6 List of animals died of diseases in project implementation area
No
.
Project
implementin
g county
Project
name Scale
Annua
l death
rate
Quantit
y of
death
Weight
(kg/animal
)
Dangerou
s wastes
(t/a)
1 Chishui City Black-bon
e chicken
550,00
0 10% 55,000 1.5 82.5
2 Tongzi
County
Huaqiu
local
chicken
300,00
0 10% 30,000 1.5 45
3 Xishui
County
Qianbei
Ma Goat 14850 2% 297 50 14.85
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(4) Medical wastes
During the operating period of feeding project, when quarantining or curing the chicken
and goats, the medical wastes may be generated. The medical wastes belong to hazardous
wastes, and shall be disposed by units with qualified for hazardous waste treatment.
The project locates in remote rural areas, and the epidemic treatment is conducted in
houses of farmers. Most of the waste medical supplies are abandoned arbitrarily, and no
effective collection, storage and transportation system has been formed. The overdue
drugs and waste medical devices in the veterinary station shall be stored uniformly after
collected, and regularly transported to landfill point for filling. The landfill points are
mostly selected in the regions far from water source point, without intensive
environmental sensitive spots nearby such as residential area and schools. The site,
through prudent consideration, shall be selected in areas with stable geology, low
underground water level and high seepage-proofing coefficient. However, the landfill
area treats simply, easy to pollute underground water and pollute the soil with larger
environmental risks. It seriously harms the environment.
According to Standard for Pollution Control on Hazardous Waste Storage
(GB18597-2001) and National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes, the hazardous wastes
generated by livestock and poultry epidemic treatment of the project belong to HW01
medical wastes, which should be sent to qualified units for hazardous wastes to collect
and treat.
5.2.7 Impact analysis on human health and environmental health
Livestock are the hosts of many pathogenic microorganisms. Without effective
anti-epidemic measures as well as colony house settlement and disinfection measures, the
diseases may occur and spread, harming the heath of nearby people. Meanwhile, putting
excessive antibiotic in feeds may remain some antibiotics in the poultry meat and lead to
adverse impact on eaters.
The infectious diseases of goats will be divided into acute infectious diseases and chronic
infectious diseases, including anthracnose, brucellosis, aftosa, sheep pox, bradsot,
120
contagious ecthyma, colibacillosis in lambs and enterotoxaemia, etc. Some diseases are
zoonosis, such as tuberculosis, anthracnose and brucellosis. People may be attacked by
the disease through directly contacting the secretion and excrement of those diseased
livestock or eating the diseased products. People can get ill indirectly through various
approaches.
This project is to feed animals in the farmers dispersedly. The farmers and animals
contacted closely, so the zoonosis is easy to attack human or animals. Besides, the
sanitary conditions are unfavorable.
During the feeding, the policy of “disease prevention is prior to cure” shall be insisted to
prevent and extinguish diseases, especially the infectious diseases and metabolic diseases
so that the production performance can be played better, the service life can be extended
and economic benefits can be improved.
5.2.8 Analysis of impact on ecological environment
If feed the goats by straws of grain crops, the excrement of livestock can be applied to
soil as organic fertilizer so as to improve soil fertility, form benign ecological circulation
and help the development of agricultural production. The chickens and goats in this
project are fed in pens, impacting little on local ecology.
5.3 Environmental impact analysis of primary process project
The agricultural product primary process project includes dendrobium nobile process,
gastrodia elata primary process, pepper primary process and tea primary process.
5.3.1 Processing technique and major pollutant yielding procedure
(1) Dendrobium nobile process technique
① The process technique is as follows: remove fibrous roots, branches and leaves →
place in bamboo basket, cover with rush for storage.
②Pollutant yielding procedure and major impacts:
121
The pollutants are solid wastes (roots, branches and leaves) in the course of production as
well as domestic sewage from workers.
(2) Gastrodia elata primary process
① The process technique is as follows: gastrodia elata selection → wash with clear
water → steam fully with strong heat → dry with the heat of fire until dry.
A Selection. Classify gastrodia elata by weight with the margin of 50 g, place and process
with groups by 50-99 g, 100-150 g, 200 g, over 201 g, take out defective ones such as
defect gastrodia elata and bad gastrodia elata etc.
B Wash with water. Wash the mud in the surface of gastrodia elata with clear water.
C Heating in steamer. Place the clean gastrodia elata in steamer for fully heating.
D Dry with the heat of fire. Heated bricked kang, heat with strong fire until the kang
surface is 50 ℃, scatter the steamed gastrodia elata in one layer, turn over them in every
30 minutes, raise the temperature by 10℃ in every 60 minutes, until the temperature
reached 80℃, maintain this temperature until gastrodia elata dry completely.
② Pollutant yielding procedure and major impacts:
A Waste water from the gastrodia elata cleaning procedure and domestic sewage from
workers.
B The major waste gas in this project is exhaust gas from fire coal in the drying
procedure.
C Solid waste
The major solid waste in this project is defective gastrodia elata such as defect gastrodia
elata and bad gastrodia elata etc.
(3) Pepper primary process
① The process technique is as follows: pick out, remove stalks → cleaning, pick out →
draining → drying → storage
122
Send qualified raw material dry peppers by conveyer belt to the picking table for hand
picking, stalk removing, remove the material damaged by worms, mildew, immature and
turn brown, send dry peppers into float washing machine for quick clean, clean away the
attachments such as microorganism, mud, dust and possible residual pesticides, drain the
surface water in cleaned picked raw material with drainage machine, and dry in drying
machine, the drying temperature is 60℃-65℃, store after cooled down.
② Pollutant yielding procedure and major impacts:
A Waste water from cleaning procedure and domestic sewage from workers.
B The major waste gas in this project is exhaust gas from fire coal in the drying
procedure.
C Solid waste
The solid waste in this project is unqualified peppers from picking procedure.
(4) Tea primary process
① Process technique:
Fixation: damage the activity of oxidase in fresh tea leaves by high temperature, suppress
the enzymatic oxidation of tea polyphenols in fresh tea leaves, vaporize a proportion of
water in the fresh leaves, make to tea leaves soft and easy to rolling into shape, in the
meantime, release the unpleasant smell and reserve the good fragrance.
Rolling: this is the shape procedure of tea primary process, form the tight crooked shape
by rolling, and improve the inside nature of tea. Make the tea leaves broke and light by
exogenic action, and roll into strip appearence with smaller size and convenient to brew.
Some tea would residue in the leave surface, and enhance the tea flavor. The rolling
process could be classified into cold rolling and hot rolling. The cold rolling is to roll the
cooled down tea leaves after the fixation process; the hot rolling is to roll the tea leaves
after fixation process while the leaves are still hot. Tender tea bud should adopt cold
123
rolling thus to maintain the olivine tea color inside the tender buds, elder tea leaves
should adopt hot rolling thus to make the leaves tight and reduce broken leaves.
Drying: the purpose of drying is to evaporate the water, modify the shape and fully
activate the tea fragrance. The drying method could be classified to pan drying, baking
and sunning. Generally the drying procedure includes baking and then pan firing. The
water content in the tea leaves after rolling is still high, therefore the tea leaves may turn
into block mass in the dryer pan in case drying directly, the tea leaves may stick to the
pan wall. Considering this, most of tea leaves would baking until the water content has
lowered into the requirement of pan firing.
Fig. 5.3-1 Tea primary process procedure and pollutant yielding diagram
② Pollutant yielding procedure and major impacts:
A There is no production waste water from the tea process procedure, the major waste
water is domestic sewage from workers.
B The waste gas in the tea process procedure is the tea dust from the process procedure.
C The noise in the tea process procedure is noises from the fixation device and drying
device, the noise intensity is analyzed to be around 70-85dB(A).
D The solid waste in the tea process procedure is broken tea leaves, stalks, tea grounds in
the process procedure and discarded packages.
Fresh leaves
classification Fixation Primary rolling
Primary drying
Repeated rolling
Tea stalk Noise, tea dust
Storage after dried
Repeat drying and pick the tips
Shape modification
124
5.3.2 Operation noise effect analysis
The noise intensity of process workshop is around 70~80dB(A), forecasting on single
noise source has been carried out as the location of workshop and arrangement thereof
have not been determined. The noise source intensity in environmental impact forecasting
is assumed as 80 dB(A), adopt the recommended mode in Technical Guidelines for
Noise Impact Assessment (HJ2.4-2009), the calculation of noise level attenuation and
forecasting on contribution value of ambient noise have been carried out, i.e. adopt free
sound field transmission mode:
L2=L1-klgr=L1-20lgr
In which: L2—— sound level value in different places away from noise source, dB(A);
L1—— intensity value of noise source, dB(A);
r—— distance between the forecasting point and the noise source, m;
k—— attenuation coefficient of noise source in free sound field
The calculation results are as follows:
Table 4.4-1 Noise level contribution level
Distance r (m) 1 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Leq(dB) 80 66 60 54.0 50.5 47.9 46.0 44.4 43.0 41.9 40.9 40
We could see from the forecast that: the noise in place 40 meter away from the plant
would meet the standard of 2 type field specified in Emission Standard for Industrial
Enterprises Noise at Boundary (60 dB at day time, 50 dB at night).
The workshop location selection should take the impact of noises to the ambient
environment into consideration, try to avoid the residential area. Meanwhile, in order to
establish a good working condition and reduce outburst noises, it is required in this
environmental impact assessment that the governing of noise in noise source should be
intensified by the owner, for example, carry out sound insulation, noise reduction to the
125
wall of amorphophallus albus milling workshop, equip shock pad to devices, apply
flexible pipe in the connection of pipes, place isolation partition for devices as well as
other treatment measures to reduce the impacts of device operation to the workers and
ambient environment.
5.3.3 Operation water environmental impact analysis
The waste water in this project are mainly domestic sewage from workers and waste
water from cleaning procedure.
The key pollutants in domestic sewage are COD、BOD5、NH3-N etc. Domestic sewage
would be used as farmyard manure after treated in the three level septic-tank, there is no
external discharge therefore the impacts to ambient environment is little.
The key pollutants in cleaning wastewater is SS, the density is 150mg/L, the water
quality after treatment in settling pond could meet the dry farming standard specified in
Standard for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005) which could be used for the
irrigation for nearby farmlands and forests.
5.3.4 Atmospheric environmental impact analysis
The fuel used for drying procedure in this project is coal, a certain quantity of SO2, NOx
and smoke dusts, would generate while the coal is burning, these yields would be
collected by gas-collecting hood and then discharged through the 15 meter high exhaust
chimney after desulfuration and dedusting treatment by basic water film, the impact to
ambient environment is little.
The tea dusts in the tea leave process would be collected by dust collecting unit, the
impact to external environment is little.
5.3.5 Solid waste environmental impact analysis
The solid wastes in the process project are mainly discarded package materials, defective goods,
domestic garbages.
126
Discarded package materials: discarded materials from packing process, mainly is paper,
plastic etc, recycled by recycling center after separate collection.
Defective goods: decayed gastrodia elata or degenerative raw materials from the process
procedure which could be collected in the plant, disposed by local environmental
sanitation authority regularly, random dump is forbidden.
Domestic wastes: food waste residue and a small quantity of domestic garbage. Domestic
wastes would be collected temporally and transfer to local environmental sanitation
authority regularly for disposal.
In general, the impacts of solid wastes with proper disposals are to environment is low.
5.4 Resources carrying capacity analysis
5.4.2 Water resource carrying capacity analysis
(1) Regional water resource
The water resources in Chishui is abundant, the total water resource is 10 billion m3, in
which 9.5 billion m3 is surface water resource. There are over 800 reservoirs, ponds in
this region with the water storage of 30 million m3.
Xishui belongs to Changjiang River system, the annual average surface water resource in
the region is 1818 million m3. There are over 400 reservoirs, ponds in this region with the
water storage of 10 million m3.
Tongzi belongs to Changjiang River system, the annual average surface water resource in
the region is 625 million m3. There are over 200 reservoirs, ponds in this region with the
water storage of 5 million m3.
Xishui belongs to Chishui river system and Wujiang River system in the upper part of
Changjiang River, the rivers is large in quantity, the annual total runoff is 1472.3 million
m3. There are over 300 reservoirs, ponds in this region with the water storage of 7 million
m3.
127
The rivers in Zhijin are extensively spread, the average water resource over years in
Zhijin is 2273 million m3. The water resource in high flow year (P=10%) is 3020 million
m3, while that of median flow year (P=50%) is 2220 million m
3, that of low flow year
(P=90%) is 1580 million m3. The total reserves of underground water over years is 602
million m3. The total water resource is 2.3 billion m
3 after the deduction of repeated
counting in surface runoff and underground water. There are over 400 reservoirs, ponds
in this region with the water storage of 12 million m3.
(2) Water consumption forecasting in project region
Based on Guizhou Province Industry Water-Use Quota (DB52/T725-2011), the water-use
quota of agriculture, forestry and husbandry in Guizhou Province are specified in detail
as follows:
Table 5.4-1 List of agricultural irrigation area in Guizhou Province
Agricultural irrigation area
Mild warm medium
summer dry land in
northern Guizhou (III)
Mild warm severe summer
dry land in north-eastern
Guizhou (IV)
Project location Zunyi Bijie
Table 5.4-2 Guizhou Province agricultural industry water-use quota
Category name Quota
unit
Irrigation
arrangement
Irrigation
method
Net
irrigation
quota
Potato m3/mu
Comprehensive
in the province
Tube-well
irrigation 40
Forge grass m3/mu
Comprehensive
in the province
Spray
irrigation 70
Vegetable in
greenhouses
Melons, fruits
and peas m3/mu
Comprehensive
in the province
Tube-well
irrigation 100
Stems and
leaves m3/mu
Comprehensive
in the province
Tube-well
irrigation 160
Vegetable in
open field
Melons, fruits
and peas m3/mu Ⅱ
Tube-well
irrigation 90
128
m3/mu Ⅲ Tube-well
irrigation 60
m3/mu Ⅳ Tube-well
irrigation 100
Stems and
leaves
m3/mu Ⅱ Tube-well
irrigation 120
m3/mu Ⅲ Tube-well
irrigation 100
m3/mu Ⅳ Tube-well
irrigation 130
Cultivation
of fruits,
nuts
Woody m3/mu Comprehensive
in the province
Spray
irrigation 70
Herbal m3/mu Comprehensive
in the province
Spray
irrigation 100
Pepper m3/mu m3/mu / 30
Tea leaves m3/mu Comprehensive
in the province
Spray
irrigation 120
Cultivation and plant of forests m3/mu Comprehensive
in the province
Spray
irrigation 130
Table 5.4-3 Guizhou Province livestock industry water-use quota
Category
name Scale water-use quota unit Arrangement Quota
Sheep Over 100 Liter /number*day Comprehensive
in the province 30
Chicken Over 10000 Liter /number*day Comprehensive
in the province 1.5
Please refer to table 5.4-4 for the detailed water-use quota in project area
Table 5.4-4 List of water-use quota in project area
Project area Category name Quota Project scale Water use quota
(10k m3)
Chishui Dendrobium 130m3/mu 4500 mu 58.5
129
stem
Raise chickens 1.5 Liter
/number*day 550 thousand 1.65
Subtotal 60.15
Xishui
Vegetable 60 m3/mu 300 mu 1.8
Raise sheep 30 Liter
/number*day 14850 sheep 8.91
Subtotal 10.71
Tongzi
Vegetable 60 m3/mu 1102 mu 6.61
Raise chickens 1.5 Liter
/number*day 300 thousand 9.0
Subtotal 15.61
Dafang
Potato 40m3/mu 7000 mu 28.0
Gastrodia elata 130m3/mu 11000 mu 143.0
Salvia
miltiorrhiza 130m
3/mu 2500 mu 32.5
Pepper 30 m3/mu 30000 mu 90.0
Subtotal 293.5
Zhijin
Potato 40 m3/mu 5500 mu 22.0
Bamboo fungus 130m3/mu 1600 mu 20.8
Tea leaves 120m3/mu 5000 mu 60.0
Subtotal 102.8
(3) Water resources carrying capacity analysis
The major water used in this project is agricultural irrigation and live stocking water. The
water resources in project locations are abundant, the total water reserve in Chishui is 30
million m3, while the water-use quota of project in Chishui is 601.5 thousand m
3, which
accounts to 2.0% of all; the total water reserve in Xishui is 10 million m3, while the
water-use quota of project in Xishui is 107.1 thousand m3, which accounts to 1.07% of all;
the total water reserve in Tongzi is 5 million m3, while the water-use quota of project in
Tongzi is 156.1 thousand m3, which accounts to 3.12% of all; the total water reserve in
Dafang is 7 million m3, while the water-use quota of project in Chishui is 2935 thousand
m3, which accounts to 41.93% of all; the total water reserve in Zhijin is 12 million m
3,
while the water-use quota of project in Chishui is 1028 thousand m3, which accounts to
8.57% of all. Therefore the water resources in project locations could satisfy the water
demand of projects.
5.4.2 Forage grass balance analysis in livestock breeding project area
130
In order to protect meadow and enable animal husbandry to develop sustainably, it is
necessary to control stocking capacity and prevent meadow overloading, Based on the
comprehensive analysis of livestock scale and forage grass supply in livestock breeding
area, one can provide basis for livestock development scale in current situation.
According to materials provided by all the project counties, conduct forge grass balance
analysis, as shown in the following Table 5.4-2.
Seen from the analysis, the meadow in project areas can basically satisfy demands of
animal husbandry development, and the added livestock breeding project will not break
ecological balance.
131
Table 5.4-1 Schedule of Water Balance in Project Areas
No. County Name
Gross Amount of Surface
Water (Ten Thousand
m3)
Available Water
Amount (Ten
Thousand m3)
Water Consumption
Amount in Current
Situation (Ten
Thousand m3)
Water Consumption
Amount in Project Areas
(Ten Thousand m3)
Surplus and
Deficiency (Ten
Thousand m3)
1 Xishui County 181800 1000 596 10.71 +393.29
2 Chishui County 950000 3000 1690 60.15 +1249.85
3 Tongzi County 62500 500 320 15.61 +164.39
4 Dafang County 14723 700 356 293.5 +50.5
5 Zhijin County 227300 1200 560 102.8 +537.2
Note: Water available for the project include that in reservoir, pool and other water storage pools (project water introduction) and
doesn’t include rain water.
Table 5.4-2 Schedule of Grass Resources in Project Areas
No. Name of County
Gross
Amount of
Existing
Livestock
(Sheep
Unit)
Gross
Amount of
Planned
Livestock
(Sheep Unit)
(Ton)
Required
Grass
Amount
(ton)
Amount of Available Grass (ton)
Amount of
Surplus and
Deficiency
(ton)
Subtotal (Artificial
Meadow)
(Natural
Meadow)
(Crop
Straw)
(Wild
Grass
Ground)
Others
1 Xishui County 53041 133660 267326 712883 173816 277037 79244 117187 65600 +403157
2 Chishui County — — — — — — — — — —
3 Tongzi County 60000 100000 104000 108800 3000 60000 35000 8000 2800 +1600
4 Dafang County 89038 245750 435248 341175 46857 424107 97785 53555 — +93893
5 Zhijin County 4540 11000 54620 31746 214 12454 10213 6524 2341 +22874
132
5.5 Analysis on environmental capacity
Livestock urine and breeding house washing water do not only have a certain amount
of nitrogen, phosphorus, pin and other elements, but small amount of calcium,
magnesium and several kinds of microelement, which is beneficial to crop growth.
They can be used after sewage treatment to irrigate, which can save large amount of
fertilizer, increase crop yield, improve physicochemical property of soil to increase
soil fertility, benefit the crop growth, and save water resources and decrease
contaminant discharge amount, being a “double benefit” measure. Project areas
belong to rural areas where there are no methane supporting facilities, livestock urine
and breeding house washing water are led to urine storage pool to be used in cropland
fertilization after fermentation.
According to related instructions in the Detailed Regulation for Total Emission
Reduction of Main Pollutants in the 12th
Five-year Plan of the Ministry of
Environmental Protection, “for using sewage water/urine for agriculture, it is
necessary to build fixed rain-proof and leakage-proof sewage/urine storage pools
which, generally, can store sewage/urine amount over two months (the volume of
storage pool should not be less than 0.3m3 for each pig slaughtering) and should
provide definite sewage/urine destination or users’ usage certificates. Generally, the
manure amount absorbed in each acre of land does not exceed the quantity generated
by 5 pigs (slaughtering=15 sheep), 200 chickens (slaughtering), 50 layer chickens
(breeding stock), 0.2 beef cattle (slaughtering) and 0.4 dairy cattle (breeding stock).
Generally livestock breeding project areas are built with specialized urine storage
pool and temporary dry manure storage yard which adopt brick-cement structure, and
are painted with cement on pool bottom and walls to prevent urine leakage. Urine and
manure are used in cropland fertilization after fermentation and degradation. See
Table 5.5-1 for the balance of cropland fertilization of waste water and manure in
livestock breeding projects.
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Table 5.5-1 Statistical Table of Livestock Urine and Manure Fertilization in
Each Project Area
Project
County
Product
Name
Scale (livestock
amount)
Required
Cropland in
Fertilization
(Existing+Added)
Existing Cropland
Amount in Project
Areas (hm2)
Satisfiability
Existing Added
Chishui
County Chicken 3089000 550000 1213 14667 Satisfied
Xishui
County Sheep 53041 17620 314 10528.4 Satisfied
Tongzi
County Chicken 350000 300000 217 2432.5 Satisfied
All the livestock breeding project areas locate in rural areas, and cropland planting is
based on rice, wheat, corn, potato, etc. Croplands can be used to plant forge grass in
slack farming season of Winter, when waste water and manure generated from
livestock breeding can be fully absorbed. The livestock breeding in this project
belongs to dispersing type and will not cause concentrated pollution in areas.
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6 Analysis of Alternative Scheme
The analysis of alternative scheme aimed at optimizing the project design in terms of
resources and the environment, and comparatively analyzing the extent and range of
the impact caused by different designs on the ecological environment; as well as
recommending with regard to the project designs from the point of environmental
protection to optimize the program design in order to provide a scientific basis for the
project decision-making choice.
Comparison analysis on this project alternative scheme is mainly from three aspects:
First, the comparison analysis of zero program; Second, the comparison analysis of
project site; Third, the comparison analysis of technical solutions.
The general principles for comparison analysis of alternative scheme:
(1) The comparison principle of quantification: for each alternative scheme, to
quantify the environmental impact caused by the project implementation as far as
possible.
(2) Comparison principle of comprehensiveness: to analyze comprehensively and
comparatively from the environmental, technical, economic, social and other aspects.
(3) Comparison principle of conformity: the selected program should comply with the
relevant development plans and standards, and should adapt to local conditions.
6.1 Analysis of Zero Program
The evaluation of alternative scheme “with project” or “without project” showed in
table 6.1-1.
Table 6.1-1 Analysis with project or without project
Category Scheme with project Scheme without project
The main
advantages
(1) The project construction is in
line with the planning for
poverty alleviation and national
industrial policy;
(2) To promote the infrastructure
(1) Without changing the value
of land use (no occupying
farmland, woodland, etc.);
(2) Maintaining the current
situation, where there are no
135
construction of poverty-stricken
areas; to promote the
communication in cultural,
material, economic field; and to
gradually narrow the poverty
gap;
(3) Improving the traffic
situation to facilitate residents in
traveling, and to promote social
stability and harmonious
development.
vegetation damage, no soil
erosion and other environmental
problems;
(3) There is no environmental
pollution problem caused by
construction dust, construction
noise and construction waste
slag.
The main
disadvantages
(1) The occupation of land will
change its use, in which the
permanent occupation will cause
an irreversible effect, and
temporary occupation will cause
a reversible effect;
(2) The vegetation damage
during construction will result in
soil erosion;
(3) Environmental problems will
be generated by the "three
wastes" during construction;
(4) The traffic noise, vehicle
exhaust, etc. will have a certain
impact on the environment
during the operation period.
(1) Without traffic facility, the
cost of living and production will
be increased as a result of the
materials transportation by
human and livestock;
(2) Transportation inconvenience
will make the materials hard to
carry out, which will cause the
problem that the regional
abundant materials overstocked,
and then result in economic
backwardness.
(3) The original damaged road
will raise dust and cause impact
on the surrounding environment;
(4) A poor traffic condition is
more likely to lead to accidents,
causing economic losses and
environmental pollution.
Comprehensive
analysis
The assessment believed: the implement of the Project would bring benefits
locally which were larger than environmental impact. As a result, in the long
run, implement of the Project was advised.
6.2 The Different Environment Impact Different Cropping Patterns have on
Comparison Analysis
136
This project focused on the comparison of its cropping pattern with the traditional
cropping pattern; including the planting land selection, land clearing, land preparation
methods, planting density of fruit trees, planting pattern, fertilizer, irrigation, pest
control, etc. detailed in Table 6.2-1.
Table 6.2-1 Comparison analysis of different planting patterns
Related
factors Planting pattern of this project
Traditional planting
pattern
Grassland
cleanup
Using bulking or bagging methods to clean it;
following the original topography and feature;
reserving the native grasses in the
ecologically fragile areas or large slope areas;
reducing soil erosion and nutrient loss;
protecting biodiversity.
Destroying generally
the original vegetation;
changing the original
slope to a flat land;
leading to soil erosion
and loss of soil
nutrients; going against
biodiversity
conservation.
Land
preparation
methods
Potatoes: deep plowing in winter, shallow
plowing after spring; breaking up clods and
leveling the ground. Retaining all the wild
grass areas and the slope forest areas; and
constructing the ridge and cofferdam. For
land staying in a larger slope, it is not suitable
for reclamation planting.
Using generally a
comprehensive
reclamation and strip
tillage, of which the
land disturbance area is
30% to 100%, resulting
in severe damage to
vegetation, and causing
soil erosion.
Seed
selection
All Project areas are equipped with seedlings
and breeding bases, where the planting seed
can be selected out of excellent and suitable
planting ones to develop high-yielding and
pest-resisting breeds.
Seedling variety is
uneven, and owns poor
disease resistance and
low yield.
Planting
density
Potato uses the ridge tillage of wide and
narrow alternate rows, as well as low fossa
and high wing compartment; 3 compartments,
fossa distance of 0.9-1 feet, Chinese Mu
distance of 4000-4400 plants;
That ensures good lighting conditions and
nutrient supply to form a rational structure of
trees, shrubs and grasses, a healthy and stable
structure, to improve disease resistance and
yield.
It lacks of professional
guidance with
excessive density and
inadequate supply of
nutrients, lighting and
other conditions, which
resulting in poor yield
and disease resistance.
Planting
pattern
Potato using the crop rotation pattern.
Raising chickens under the forest can reduce
The large-scale
cultivation of a single
137
the occurrence of pests and diseases, which
not only lowered the cost of pest control and
forage, but also increased farmers' income.
The understory chicken can improve the soil
and increase the content of soil organisms as
well as the enzyme activity.
Understory intercropping can not only
improve soil structure of economic fruit trees
and soil nutrient content, but also reduce soil
erosion as well as pests and diseases.
Crop rotation is in favor of a balanced
consumption of soil nutrients, and is
meanwhile helpful for reducing the hazards of
weeds and crop pests associated.
species, namely a single
planting structure, is
prone to incur pests, in
which the species
disease resistance will
decline, and also the
synergies between
species.
Fertilizing
Based on the soil nutrients content and the
requirement of plant growth cycles, and
through field guide, soil monitoring and
diagnosis of plant nutrition, the fertilization is
carried out rationally. And it uses the
combination of organic manure and chemical
fertilizers with a right amount to avoid
non-point source pollution.
It lacks of pertinence
and awareness of
manure and chemical
fertilizers, which will
cause blind fertility
fertilization, and further
easily lead to a waste of
resources and non-point
source pollution.
Conclusion Recommended Not recommended
6.3 Scheme Comparison of Green Control and Control with
Traditional Anti-pest Technology
Project area is located in the countryside, where the pest prevention and control uses
traditional methods more, such as spraying pesticides; this project for planting works
promotes vigorously the green prevention and control, and now the pros and cons of
the two schemes have been comparatively analyzed.
Table 6.3-1 Comparison analysis on pest control techniques of the traditional
and green
Category Traditional pest control Green control
The main
advantages
(1) Easy to operate, with no need for
professional training;
(2) The initial investment of capital
and equipment is low;
(1) Using a variety of control
techniques like ecology,
biology, etc., by which the
pest control effect is thorough;
138
(3) Quick effect of initial pest
control.
(2) The amount of pesticide
residues is low, less harmful
to human health;
(3) Reducing the amount of
pesticide usage to solve the
serious point source pollution
problem;
(4) Creating green food is not
only in line with national
industrial policy and may get
a better sale, but also makes it
easy to open markets and
increase income.
The main
disadvantage
s
(1) Excessive use of pesticide will
form a non-point source pollution,
causing surface water, groundwater,
air pollution and other environmental
problems;
(2) Long-term, excessive use of
pesticides is easy to make the worms
produce antibodies, which will lead
to poor pest control, waste of money
and a vicious cycle;
(3) The lack of specialty products
makes the region less competitive
advantage.
(1) Initial stage needs greater
investment;
(2) Training for growers to
spread large scale planting,
because the effect by small
regional implementation is not
so great.
Comprehensi
ve analysis
The implementation places of the project are poor rural areas, where
potato is the characteristic products with strong competitive advantage
in the marketplace, so through the implementation of green control
and creating green products, it can provide a broader market for the
product; in addition, the implementation of the green control is in
accordance with the national policy of developing green food, and can
gain good environmental benefits for prevention and treatment of
pesticide-point source pollution.
Evaluation found that: green control can realize the sustainable
agricultural development, accord with the regional current
situation, and can reduce regional point source pollution;
although the premise needs high investment, it has great
long-term benefits, so by evaluation it is recommended to use
green control.
139
6.4 Comparison and Selection of Breeding Manure Disposal Methods
The manure in the livestock farm has a dual identity of pollution and fertilizer, on
which a good disposal gaining a fertilizer and eliminating pollution source, but poor
disposal leading to pollution and wasting a valuable organic fertilizer resource. Now,
the comparison and selection of different manure disposal methods between retail
small farming and of concentrated scale farming have been shown in Table 6.4-1 and
Table 6.4-2.
Table 6.4-1 Comparison Analysis on Different Manure Treatment Plans in
Retail Small-Scaled Livestock Breeding
Category
Simple storage
waterlogged
compost
Household methane pit in
hydraulic type
Separation of dry and loose
manure+Household methane pit
Technology
description
Store manure into
a pile for heat
preservation and
fermentation to
make organics
into inorganic
nutrient.
Manure, urine and
washing water enter the
hydraulic methane pit,
discharge biogas slurry,
regularly clean
sediment as fertilizer.
① After collection and storage,
manure can be used as organic
fertilizer;
② Urine and washing water enter
anaerobic digestive treatment
system, methane is used for
household heating, and biogas
slurry can be used to irrigate.
Applicable
range
Retail livestock
breeding plants
adopt this method
Small and
middle-scaled livestock
breeding plants adopt
this method
Those using small, middle and
large-scaled livestock breeding
plants
Advantages
① Low
investment, no
energy
consumption and
low operation
expense;
② Convenient to
be managed, and
have small
influence on
surrounding
environment
without noise;
③ It can reduce
fertilizer usage
① It can gain partial
methane;
② It can treat larger
amount of manure, urine
and other waste water.
① Occupied land in small area with
satisfying effects;
② It can gain better economic
benefits;
③ Turn the waste into values, with
resources being efficiently used
140
amount in local
places to improve
soil fertility.
Disadvantages
① Smaller
treatment
amount;
② Need large
area of land to
use manure;
③ There exist
dangers of
spreading
livestock disease
and zoonosis;
① Degradation treatment
is quite limited, with
serious pollution after
discharge;
② Cause large-scaled
loss of organic fertilizer
source.
It needs a certain area of cropland
and forestland to consume manure
and biogas slurry.
Conclusion Not
recommended Not recommended Recommended
Table 6.4-2 Comparison Analysis on Different Manure Treatment Plans in
Concentrated Livestock Breeding
Category Middle and large
methane pit
Anaerobic and aerobiotic
fermentation in separation
of dry and loose manure
Separation of dry and loose
manure+Concentrated methane
pit
Technology
description
Manure, urine and
washing water
enter the hydraulic
methane pit,
regularly clean
sediment and
biogas slurry as
fertilizer after
fermentation.
① After collection and
storage, manure generate
organic fertilizer in local
places or in external places
through transportation, or
is supplied to nearby
peasant households on
free;
② After anaerobic
digestive treatment, urine
and washing water are then
finally discharged after
treatments in aerobic pool,
oxidation pond, etc.
① After collection and
storage, manure can be used
as fertilizer;
② Urine and washing water
enter anaerobic digestive
treatment system, methane is
used for peasant household
heating, and biogas slurry is
used to irrigate.
Applicable
range
Those using middle
and large-scaled
livestock breeding
plants
Those using middle and
large-scaled livestock
breeding plants
Those using small, middle and
large-scaled livestock breeding
plants
Advantages
It can generate
organic fertilizer and
methane, and
achieve better
It can generate organic
fertilizer and methane, and
achieve better economic
benefits.
① Occupied land in small area
with satisfying effects;
② It can gain better economic
benefits;
141
economic benefits. ③ Turn the waste into values,
with resources being
efficiently used
Disadvantages
① Relatively larger
investment;
② Production
continuity is worse,
causing lower
digesting rate;
③ 。Fermentation in
lower concentration,
and lower
production
efficiency
① Larger investment and
wide occupied land, with
unsatisfying effects;
② It is hard for wastewater
after treatment to fully meet
the standards, with high
operation cost;
③ It causes large amount of
losses of organic fertilizer
source.
It needs a certain amount of
cropland and forestland to
consume manure and biogas
slurry.
Conclusion Not recommended Not recommended Recommended
For the above treatment methods, “Separation of dry and loose manure+Methane pit”
is the most reliable and worthy to promote method, with many advantages, and
applicable for large, middle and small-scaled livestock breeding plant. The
zero-discharge of biogas slurry consists the core of anaerobic treatment of manure and
sewage in livestock breeding plants, which can obtain qualified energy methane, and
zero-discharge solve pollution problems and organic fertilizer loss problems at the
same time. Especially for organic fertilizer source problems, as the amount of
non-breeding peasant households increasing, this problem will become quite striking.
The livestock breeding in this project adopts the method of separation of dry and
loose manure+methane pit for breeding manure treatment.
142
7. Information publicity and public consultation
Implementation of this project aims to improve current regional infrastructure,
promote industrial development, help local farmers overcome poverty and achieve
prosperity, as well as facilitate local social and economic development. Generally,
project construction will have positive and adverse impacts on surrounding natural
and social environment, or directly or indirectly affect the benefits of people living in
surrounding and neighboring areas. Due to respective interests, the public hold
different attitudes and viewpoints towards the project. Public participation in the
survey follows a principle of combining representativeness with randomness. The
so-called representativeness refers to that the respondents shall come from all sectors
of the society. Randomness means selection of respondents shall have a characteristic
of statistical random sampling. Respondents are randomly chosen from defined
samples. Selection of respondents shall be equal and impartial, without the
investigator's personal subjective will.
Public participation of environmental impact assessment can make environmental
evaluation of the project more democratized and popular, give common people
directly or indirectly associated with the project a chance of participating in,
expressing personal standpoints and proposing requirements, so as to achieve
completeness and fairness of environmental assessment work. In addition, advices are
sought from experts and persons of all circles so as to know their attitudes and
viewpoints of the project, listen to their suggestions, then the environmental and
economic benefits of the project can be utilized sufficiently, and environmental
resources can be confirmed more comprehensively for making up for potential
omission and negligence existing in environmental impact assessment, accordingly, it
can help departments concerned develop practical environmental protection measures.
7.1 The purpose of public participation
(1) It can help the public know basic information about project construction such as
purpose, scale and location, possible environmental impacts during and after project
construction, and countermeasures and measures to be taken by the project, so as to
obtain their full comprehension, support and cooperation. The public not only have
the right to know construction of the project but can also express their views and
143
opinions freely.
(2) Knowing local people's personal experiences and intuitive feelings helps analyze
environmental pollution characteristics of the area and current quality level of each
environmental element, enhance objectivity of environmental impact assessment, and
protect immediate interests of the public;
(3) The public are familiar with resources involved in environmental impact
assessment such as natural environment, social economy, agricultural ecology and
production and living factors, so public participation can make various
environmental-protection measures proposed in this assessment more effective and
feasible;
(4) While economic benefits of the project are full produced, public participation
can contribute to a realization of harmony and unity of economic, social and
environmental benefits.
7.2 Implementation of public participation survey
7.2.1 Survey scope & respondents
The present public participation mainly covers all towns and villages of areas
involved in the project. Respondents include residents of regions where the project is
located and persons of all circles (e.g. cadres, workers, students), who demonstrate
good randomness and extensive representativeness.
7.2.2 Survey contents
The main contents of the public participating survey include:
1. The extent of understanding of the project for the public;
2. The ways the public understand the information of the project;
3. Public awareness of the environmental impacts of the project construction;
4. The maximum impact of the project on the environment;
144
5. The impact of the project on the local economy;
6. The impact of the project on individuals and family life;
7. Public attitudes towards the project construction;
8. Which manner the public hope to participate in environmental protection work
of this pilot project for poverty alleviation;
9. Other recommendations, opinions and demands of the public on the project.
The public opinion questionnaire of the project is shown in the annex.
7.2.3 Survey methods
The project adopts an investigation method composed of online announcement and
questionnaire distribution. During public opinion questionnaire distribution,
investigators firstly introduce basic project information to the respondents, including
project construction details, potential positive and adverse impacts on local
environment. Then, respondents fill in the questionnaire voluntarily, or give opinions
orally with contents recorded by investigator. Furthermore, respondent's data shall be
indicated, including work unit or family address, gender, age, educational degree, etc.
Finally, environmental assessment institution sorts out, analyzes and summarizes the
collected public participation questionnaires.
7.3 Disclose the environmental information
(1) The first publicity of the environmental impact assessment
During development of environmental assessment report, pursuant to stipulations of
Environmental Impact Assessment Law of PRC and Interim Procedures for Public
Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment (No.2005[28]), the organization
undertook the first publicity about project profiles and environmental impact
assessment on local websites of associated counties in February 2014 to solicit
common people's suggestions and opinions on environmental protection of the project
construction. As the project is mostly implemented in rural areas where infrastructure
is weak and knowing project information through website is infeasible, environmental
145
assessment announcement is posted up in each township associated with the project so
that villagers can know construction of the project.
146
(2) The second publicity of the environmental impact assessment
In accordance with requirements of Interim Procedures for Public Participation in
Environmental Impact Assessment, organizations in charge of construction and
environmental evaluation publish the second publicity and abridged edition of
environmental impact assessment on websites of The Poverty Alleviation and
Development Office of Guizhou Province
(http://www.gzfp.gov.cn/Web85/News/20140428/11411.htm) and governments of all
counties involved in project implementation, in order to invite the public to give
opinions on environmental impacts and environmental-protection actions of the
planned project. Additionally, organizations in charge of construction and
environmental evaluation post announcements at town settlements of all counties
associated with project implementation for informing the public of ways of getting
abridged-edition report and reflecting opinions. The details of the second publicity are
shown in the following figure.
147
7.4 Results analysis of the public participation survey
7.4.1 Agency survey results
Under the active support of the construction unit and local government, the evaluation
unit visited 147 units in the project implementing county, including the relevant
government departments and social organizations such as enterprises. Representatives
of the units, after listening to the basic introduction of the project, posted their own
opinions and views. According to the research result, their opinions can be concluded
as follows:
(1) As for questionnaire survey concerning the knowing aspects of the group towards
this project: 99.31% of the statistical people know about it and the other 0.69% knows
nothing about it. This indicates that propaganda of the project in implementing areas
is intense and the units pay high attention to such poverty alleviation program.
(2) As for the information source: 91.84% of the people know the information from
the government notice, which is related to the previous notice of the project posted on
the county government websites, and news media accounts for 3.4%, which is related
to the publicity of local Poverty Relief Office on the local news media. Others
account for 4.76%.
(3) As for the degree of attention paid to the project: 93.20% of the local
organizations pay close attention to such projects. For the implement of the
loan-poverty alleviation projects of the World Bank would drive the local people to
get rich through various ways.
(4) As for the impacts of the projects on local ecological environment: 78.91% of the
investigated organization holds positive impact would be produced and 19.05% hold
no impact would be brought. 46.94% hold the greatest impact on environment would
be on the ecological environment, and 43.54 hold there would be no impact.
(5) As for the impact research conducted by the project: positive impact accounts for
85.03%, ordinary impact accounts for 3.40% and this project belongs to poverty
alleviation projects, which would bring positive impact to the local environment.
148
(6) As for the economic and social influence of the project: positive accounts for
91.16%, ordinary for 3.40% and no negative.
(7) As for the research of the advantageous and disadvantageous influence of the
construction of the project: 98.64% hold that the advantages overweigh disadvantages,
showing that the implement of the project launched by the researcher will bring
benefits.
(8) The research of the attitude to the construction of the project: no objection was
found.
(9) As for the desirable information announce approach: government notice accounts
for 89.12%, news media accounts for 5.44% and websites accounts for 4.24%,
showing the direction for the second research.
7.4.2 Survey results about the masses in the project implementation county
Assessment organization and construction unit conduct random sampling among
some residents in villages and townships of counties involved in project
implementation and some affected residents. 300 public opinion questionnaires are
sent out and 293 ones are taken back. The forms filled by the respondent are shown in
the attached table.
Statistical data of investigated region, questionnaire distribution ratio and sample size
show: Investigated region substantially covers all major sensitive spots along the
project line. Public investigation of this project possesses certain representativeness.
Statistical results of public opinion survey are listed in Table 7.4-1 and 7.4-2.
Table 7.4-1 Statistics of the structure of the public participation survey staff
Gender Male Female
89.81% 10.19%
Age Under 35 35~50 Above 50
15.96% 52.69% 31.35%
Occupation Cadre Farmer Other
3.27% 90.38% 6.35%
Education
Background
College, vocational school
(Senior high school included) Junior high school Under junior high school
149
19.43% 68.46% 12.11%
Table 7.4-2 Summary of the public's opinions (personal) of the proposed project
Research Contents Statistic Views
Order Question Number
(people)
Proportion of valid
questionnaires
1 Do you know the program is
undergoing in your area?
Yes 518 99.62
No 0 0.00
Not remember 2 0.38
Others 0 0.00
2 Where do you get the
information?
Government
notice 501 96.35
News media 5 0.96
Websites 4 0.77
Others 10 1.92
3
To what extent are you
concerned about the
program?
Great 482 92.69
Ordinary 27 5.19
Little 11 2.12
No 0 0.00
4
What impact do you think
the program would bring to
local ecological
environment?
Positive 438 84.23
Negative 9 1.73
No 70 13.46
Not knowing 3 0.58
5
What do you think the
biggest environmental
impact this program would
bring?
Atmospheric 198 38.08
Water 45 8.65
Ecological 193 37.12
Acoustic 17 3.27
No (words
indication) 67 12.88
6
What impacts to yourself
and your family do you think
the program would bring?
Great positive
impact 448 86.15
Ordinary 26 5.00
Little 40 7.69
Negative 6 1.15
7
What social and economic
influence do you think the
program would bring?
Great positive
influence 485 93.27
Ordinary 20 3.85
Little 11 2.12
Negative 4 0.77
8 After a thorough think of the
advantageous and
Advantages
outweigh 504 96.92
150
disadvantageous influence of
the program, what is your
opinion?
disadvantages,
feasible.
Advantages are
equal with
disadvantages,
difficult to
choose
3 0.58
Disadvantages
outweigh
advantages,
unfeasible
3 0.58
Not knowing 10 1.92
9 What is your attitude to this
program?
Supportive 508 97.69
Not care 10 1.92
Not supportive 0 0.00
Not care 2 0.38
10
What is your desirable
information announcement
way?
Government
notice 501 96.35
News media 19 3.65
Websites 0 0.00
others 0 0.00
11 What are your suggestions
and advice to the program?
1. implement as soon as possible
2. develop programs that would benefit the people
3. invest in our county and would be very supportive
4. start as soon as possible and develop well
5. thecountry should increase the investment in village-level
roads, build agricultural park and increase farmers’ income
Table 7.4-2 Individual Survey Results indicates that:
(1) As for questionnaire survey concerning the knowing aspects of the individual
towards this project: 99.62% of the statistical people know about it and the other
0.38% knows nothing about it. This indicates that propaganda of the project in
implementing areas is intense and the units pay high attention to such poverty
alleviation program.
(2) As for the information source: 96.35% of the people know the information from
the government notice, which is related to the previous notice of the project posted on
the county government websites, and news media accounts for 0.96%, which is
related to the publicity of local Poverty Relief Office on the local news media. Others
account for 1.92%.
151
(3) As for the degree of attention paid to the project: 92.69% of the local
organizations pay close attention to such projects, for the implement of the poverty
alleviation projects of the World Bank would drive the local people to get rich, which
has close concern with the life of local villagers, therefore they all pay close attention
to such projects.
(4) As for the impacts of the projects on local ecological environment: 84.23% of the
investigated organizations hold positive impact would be produced and 13.46% of
them hold no impact would be brought. The greatest environmental impact would be
atmospheric (38.08%), followed by ecological (37.12%), water (8.65%) and acoustic
(3.27%), and the other 12.88% think there would be no impact at all.
(5) As for the impact of the program on individuals and household life: positive
impact accounts for 86.15%, ordinary 5.00%, little 7.69%, negative 1.15%. This
program is a poverty alleviation program and would bring positive impact to local
environment.
(6) As for the economic and social influence of the project: positive accounts for
93.72%, ordinary 3.85%, little 2.12% and negative 0.77%.
(7) As for the research of the advantageous and disadvantageous influence of the
construction of the project: 96.62% hold that the advantages overweigh disadvantages,
showing that the implement of the project launched by the researcher will bring
benefits.
(8) Survey and statistics about the attitude to the project construction: No adverse
opinions on the project.
(9) As for the desirable information announce approach: government notice accounts
for 96.35%, news media accounts for 3.65%, showing the direction for the second
research.
7.5 Analysis of publicity results
In February 2014, environmental assessment and construction organizations conduct
the first publicity of environmental impact assessment on government websites of
152
project-implementation counties and at places where project will be performed.
During publicity, no feedback is received.
On April 28, 2014, environmental assessment and construction organizations conduct
the second publicity of environmental impact assessment on website of The Poverty
Alleviation and Development Office of Guizhou Province
(http://www.gzfp.gov.cn/Web85/News/20140428/11411.htm), government websites
of project-implementation counties and at places where project will be performed.
During publicity, no feedback is received.
7.6 Conclusion of public participation
This environmental impact assessment collects the public's opinions and suggestions
by means of visit, questionnaire distribution, onsite announcement, online
announcement, etc. According to information collected by all methods, the public of
project area generally know and support this project. There is no objector. They think
the project construction is beneficial to local economic development and able to
improve quality of surrounding environment. They hope the project can be
implemented as soon as possible with quality and quantity guaranteed; meanwhile,
environmental protection shall be done for an early realization of social,
environmental and economic benefits.
Through public participation, a certain communication between project party and
common people is achieved. A great deal of public information greatly contributes to
perfectness of project design, significantly increases effectiveness of environment
evaluation work and makes environmental protection measures more practical and
easier for operation and implementation. Some problems about people's immediate
interests are detected early so that departments concerned can take corrective
measures to avoid dispute during formal construction. Furthermore, common people
get assistance in maintaining personal legal rights and interests and are encouraged to
take part in supervision of environmental management.
153
8. The Environmental Management Plan
During the construction and operation of the project, it will have a certain impact on
the project area and the surrounding environment, so environmental protection
measures must be taken to prevent, abate, mitigate or compensate for adverse
environmental impact. Therefore, to ensure effective implementation of
environmental protection measures, so that the environmental benefits of the project
construction, social benefits and economic benefits can be developed coordinately and
simultaneously, we must strengthen environmental management and environmental
monitoring, to promote the construction of the project in line with national economic
construction and environmental construction synchronized planning, development,
and synchronization implementation of policy.
Environmental Management Plan is divided into four parts: environmental
responsibility and institutional arrangements, environmental action plan for
prevention, environmental monitoring programs and environmental training
programs.
8.1 Arrangements of Environmental Management Agencies and
Responsibilities
Environmental management of Guizhou Province Poor Area Industry Poverty
Alleviation Pilot Demonstration Project is uniformly managed by Guizhou Poverty
Alleviation Office, and the Guizhou Foreign Poverty Alleviation Project Management
Center is responsible for implementing. The Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
Bureau and Environmental Protection Agency of the county are responsible for the
daily supervision, and each county and city PMO is responsible for implementation;
Environmental management responsibilities are in Table 8.1-1.
154
Table 8.1-1 Environmental management responsibilities division of Guizhou
poor areas’ industry poverty alleviation pilot demonstration projects
Stage Project
stakeholders Environmental responsibilities
Infrastructure category
Design and
preparation
Owners/PMO
1. Be responsible for handling specific design,
supervision, construction, equipment and
materials procurement.
2. Project bidding and approval work, EIA
approval
Design unit, EIA
unit
Design units made the engineering survey and
design, and the EIA unit made the preliminary
environmental impact assessment
EPA
To check it whether installed the pollution
control facilities or not, whether the design
reaches standards and so on.
County Bureaus of
Construction,
Water Resources,
and Transportation
To supervise and inspect whether the
construction and engineering design is
reasonable or not, and do the work of bidding
and approval, project supervision, construction
quality and construction safety
Construction
period
Owners/PMO
1. Supervising Environmental Management Plan
to implement the mitigation measures during
construction period;
2. Carrying out the training propaganda of
Environmental Management Plan mitigation
measures during construction period.
County Bureaus of
Construction,
Water Resources,
and Transportation
Supervising all the measures during construction
period, to ensure the implementation of civilized
construction and production safety
Contractor, the
construction team
Specific implementation of the Environmental
Management Plan mitigation measures during
construction period.
Farmers/villages
Village committee actively cooperate to
safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of
the villagers, and to supervise the construction.
Operation
period
Owners and
operating units
1. Specific implementation of the mitigation
measures of Environmental Management Plan
during operating period;
2. Making sure the operational phase
environmental protection, construction progress,
quality and safety
3. Be responsible for organizing related
155
environmental monitoring
4. Be responsible for reporting the
implementation to the superior PMO and the
World Bank on a regular basis.
Farmers,
cooperatives and
village collective
1. Specific implementation of the mitigation
measures of Environmental Management Plan
during operating period;
2. Project supervision: protecting the
environment, reducing consumables.
EPA
Guiding and supervising the implementation of
Environmental Management Plan mitigation
measures
Bureaus of Water
Conservancy and
Transportation /
Roads
Guiding and supervising the implementation of
Environmental Management Plan mitigation
measures ...
Agricultural project activities
Preliminary
design stage
PMO
To make good project approval, train the
propaganda backbones, advocate mobilizing the
villagers, carry out the Environmental
Management Plan and Pest Management Plan
training.
County Bureau of
Agriculture and
Animal
Husbandry, and its
affiliated Plant
Protection Station
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau: To
boot reasonable adjustment of agricultural
industry structure, and the rational allocation of
agricultural resources
Plant Protection Station: testing soil and making
formulated fertilization, monitoring pests and
epidemic diseases and pests, providing local
dynamic pest data, releasing timely the pests
disease conditions, and conducting
Environmental Management Plan and Pest
Management Plan training.
Veterinary Station Carrying out technical promotion and training;
also the Pest Management Plan training.
Farmers
Applying for joining a cooperative and to
recommend management personnel to take part
in the project construction
Cooperative
Establishing cooperatives or preparatory groups
to settle project reporting and approving,
designing good sewage facilities for the
cooperative
Village collectives Organizing the advocacy and mobilization
EIA unit To make a scientific analysis whether this
156
project impact environment or not, and make
recommendations to optimize the project design!
Implement
stage
PMO
1. Regular inspection to the implementation of
the measures of the project Environmental
Management Plan and Pest Management Plan.
2. To carry out an Environmental Management
Plan and Pest Management Plan training.
3. Be responsible for the organization of
environmental monitoring
4. Be responsible for reporting the
implementation to their superior PMO and the
World Bank on a regular basis.
County Bureau of
Agriculture and
Animal
Husbandry, and its
affiliated Plant
Protection Station
Plant Protection Station: guiding pest control,
promoting pest control technology and guiding
farmers to use organic fertilizer and low residue
pesticide to promote pollution-free production.
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau:
organizing production and introduction of the
test seedlings, fertilizers, pesticides, veterinary
drugs and other products, and also its
demonstration and promotion; organizing and
guiding quality monitoring and enforcement
supervision and management to agricultural
inputs, such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides,
veterinary drugs, etc.
Veterinary Station
Carrying out livestock prenatal, delivery and
postnatal services, training and guiding village
service personnel, technology demonstration
households and large farmers.
Farmers
Not to use prohibited pesticides, fertilizers;
Properly handle garbage and take part in project
implementation.
Village collectives
To take part in project implementation,
management, and periodical supervision of
which production processes may impact
environmental.
Cooperatives /
processing units
Implementing the project according to
environmental requirements and controlling
comprehensively the pollution in accordance
with the relevant requirements of the sewage
enterprises,
Introducing new technologies, new varieties, and
launching technical training, technical exchanges
and advisory services,
157
County
Environmental
Protection Agency
Carrying out environmental supervision and
inspection;
To organize and guide the project area
environmental publicity and education, and
popularize environmental science and knowledge
of laws and regulations.
8.2 Environmental Mitigation Measures
In order to minimize or eliminate the possible negative impact on the natural
environment, and to ensure that the benefit goals of the ecological environment
expected by the project can be fully realized, we specially offer you the following
environmental measures and environmental regulations.
According to the laws, regulations, standards and procedures of state and Guizhou
province, we have, in the process to make the environmental regulations, drawn full
lessons from the experience of the project area or similar projects implemented in the
country and referred to the World Bank, Environment, Health and Safety General
Guidelines, Livestock Mammal Feeding Area Environment, Health and Safety
Guidelines, Annual Agricultural Product Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines,
Food and Beverage Processing Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines, etc. and
then, against the possible effects caused by a variety of activities in this project,
provided the following mitigation measures and procedures.
Capital construction projects involve roads, construction of water infrastructure, trade
market, construction of processing plant, entertainment square and other rural tourism
infrastructure construction, which share some similarity in their effect on environment
during the construction process and in their environment protection measures.
Common environment mitigation measures in the construction period as listed in
details in 8.2-1.
Besides common measures in 8.2-1, the environmental mitigation measures of road
construction projects also include special measures for design and operation stages
listed in 8.2-2.
Besides common measures in 8.2-1, the environmental mitigation measures of water
158
conservancy projects also include special measures for design and operation stages
listed in 8.2-3.
Please refer to 8.2-1 for environmental influence and mitigation measures in
construction period of trade market, goods storage and processing site, etc. The
particularities of the project are specified in details in table 8.2-4.
Please refer to 8.2-5 for detailed environmental mitigation measures for breeding
projects.
Please refer to 8.2-6 for environmental mitigation measures for all stages in the whole
process of agricultural products processing.
Please refer to 8.2-7 for detailed environmental mitigation measures for plantation projects.
159
Table 8.2-1 Environmental Mitigation Measures of Infrastructure Construction
Phase
The main
negative
impact
Environmental measures
Investment
Estimation
(10,000
Yuan)
Executor Supervisor
Construction
phase
Ecological
environment:
the
construction
process of
earth
excavation,
site
formation,
piling of
waste soil
and stone and
other
construction
activities,
will damage
vegetation,
impact the
production of
crops, disturb
wildlife
activities,
1. In the implementation of infrastructure projects, all
building materials are purchased from outside, without
new stockyard, without borrowing earth pits; all the
excavated rock and soil are backfilled, without spoil
ground; and project construction occupied no basic
farmland and woodland, without destruction of
vegetation.
2. It is needed to have a scientific construction site
layout, a reasonable choice of construction period, and a
best trying to avoid the rainy season earthwork
excavation; and also a reasonable choice of the
construction process, namely the exploited soil and stone
should be backfilled timely, so as to minimize the piling
time of the temporary soil and stone; a temporary land
use of farmland or forest land should stripping stack or
collecting conserve the mellow soil layer of 0-30cm
topsoil, and promptly restore the reclamation after the
end of the construction; the earth material should timely
be done together the digging, transporting, backfilling,
and compacting, in order to reduce the loss of soil and
water.
3. Combining the construction site terrain conditions, it
50
Construction
units,
Project
construction
unit
County
Environmental
Protection
Bureau,
County
planning and
construction
bureau,
County Water
Authority,
Integrated
management of
rural sanitation
department
160
affect the
landscape
and result in
soil erosion,
geological
disasters and
other
ecological
damage and
ecological
impacts
is needed to set the earth drainage ditch around the site,
and to set up the earth grit chamber at the outlet of
gutter, so that the meeting of waters could reduce the
flow rate in the grit chamber and precipitate the
sediments.
4. Combining the key rehabilitation with the surface
protection of water and soil conservation by using
engineering measures and plant measures together,
where the engineering measures are preferential to play
the role of efficiency and protection and plant measures
as a supplementary measure to play the role of water
conservation,
To reach a long-term effect of soil and water
conservation, and to beautify and green the environment
around the project area.
5. To strengthen the public education to those places
carrying the implementation of the project, like the
counties, townships and villages, prohibiting any forest
vegetation wanton felling; taking scientific and rational
measures to conserve the water and soil, and occupying
as little as possible the land; in the construction process,
if it is found rare wild plants, ancient and famous trees,
etc., it should be reported to the relevant authorities and
taken protective measures in the place.
6. To strengthen publicity and education, forbidding the
killing of wild animals. In construction process, if found
rare wild animals, it should be promptly reported to the
161
authorities and take appropriate protective measures.
7. Revegetation restoration measures are the main plant
protection measures for plant, and they should be based
on the local climate. The vegetation restoration measures
should notice the following technical points: storing the
mellow soil of the permanent occupation land and
temporary land, to provide good soil for vegetation
restoration; collecting and preserving the topsoil of
permanent occupation forest land, to lay on other barren
soil for planting trees; for temporary occupying land
before construction, it should also save a good ripening
soil, and after the end of construction to clean up, tillage,
cover ripening soil, restore cropping or select locally
appropriate plants to recover the green timely.
8. It should be carried out to monitor or investigate the
ecological environment in the construction of building
and running period. During the construction period, the
main work is to monitor the construction area and forest
fire; construction units should strengthen the
investigation to those regional distributed key protected
plants as well as ancient and famous trees, once found
key protections during construction, should timely report
to the competent authorities to take appropriate
protective measures. It is strictly controlled to the work
that may cause forest fires, and to the construction
personnel, of which in the forest fire prevention period,
it is banned any fire using in the mountain wild.
162
9. According to the characteristics of the project, and
based on the different slope rate, local climate and
geological conditions, it is chosen the extensive grass
and shrub plants to plant for their adaptation to local
natural conditions, so as to recover the excavation slope
revegetation and reduce the post maintenance. And
selecting key sections of the slope to make artistic
treatment is mainly to showcase local culture by way of
landscaping plants. In addition to the cutting slope for
circular arc, to form a natural transition with the
mountains, it will successfully avoid the slop form of
blunt cut.
Ambient air:
sandstone
processing,
concrete
mixing,
transportation
and other
dust
materials,
transport
vehicle
emissions,
road dust,
construction
teams’ living
1. The following actions will reduce the environmental
impact of air: using of advanced construction
technology, the wet crushing to gravel system and
concrete system, dust collection equipment, speed
controlling, car tail gas and coal gas, road construction
area watering schedule, the construction team using
liquefied petroleum gas, electricity and other clean
energy, the construction of green areas strengthening
and construction workers labor protection.
2. during the construction, inside the in and out passage
should be equipped with transport vehicles washing
platform, and facilities shall meet the following
requirements: The anti overflow seat should be set
around the seat platform to prevent the car wash
wastewater overflow out; setting wastewater collection
30
Construction
units,
the project
construction
units
County
Environmental
Protection
Bureau,
County
planning and
construction
bureau,
Integrated
management of
rural sanitation
department
163
energy and
other
activities
impact on
ambient air
pit and grit chamber. Vehicles before leaving the site,
tires and body should be washed in the washing
platform, and shall not be attached to the surface of the
sludge. Material or sediment transport vehicles cannot
be loaded over the height of the vehicle wagon ledge,
with a tarpaulin covering the bucket or the bucket using
a closed car.
Solid Waste
Pollution:
The
engineering
dregs,
construction
waste,
garbage and
other
improper
handlings can
cause soil
erosion,
which enters
into the river
will block
rivers, and
pollute
waters and so
on;
Earth and stones:
1. The beginning of construction shall be carried out on
site excavation, and projects should make full use of the
natural terrain gap, and try to avoid high digging and
deep filling.
2. The earth excavated out can be used for post-planting
project land leveling, stonework used for the foundation
of basic irrigation channels, ditches and others, avoiding
random discarded pile.
3. reasonably arranging temporary storage yard for earth
and stones, far away from the surrounding (especially
downwind) environmentally sensitive points (farmers),
and for temporary stacking of solid earth to take
measures of tamping, rolling, covering mound cloth; and
to set earth protecting wall around and drainage
facilities, so as to minimize the amount of raising dust
and soil erosion caused by the pile of earth.
4. to set up earth drains around the temporary stacking
site of muck soil, and set the earth grit chamber at the
outlet of the gutter, so that the flow rate of meeting
10
Construction
units,
Project
construction
units
County
Environmental
Protection
Bureau,
County
planning and
construction
bureau,
Integrated
management of
rural sanitation
department,
Health Bureau
164
The garbage
will send
stench out to
make people
fulsome, and
it is easy to
become
spoilage and
breed
mosquitoes,
flies,
bacteria; this
will damage
the
environment
and beauty,
even release
toxic gases.
waters in the pool becomes slowed, and the sediment
sunk.
Construction waste:
1. for recyclable waste (scrap metal, steel scrap, material
package bags and others sold to salvage station, scrap
bricks used as road base material), it should be
synthetically sorted and recycled;
2. for those can not be recycled, it should be timely
removed to a specified point of construction debris pile,
and stacking during transport should be sealed to prevent
spills;
3. Temporary stacking should be prepared for
waterproofing, wind preventing and other measures.
Living garbage of construction workers:
The living garbage yard has been set in construction
zone, which will be daily cleaned by specialized
persons, collected, classified, regularly transported to
nearby living garbage landfill for unified treatment.
Surface water
environment:
domestic
sewage has a
high
concentration
of pollutants,
and
production
1. Aggregate processing system wastewater: Grit
Chamber + flocculation and sedimentation tank, with the
treated wastewater for concrete mixing, construction
dust watering and others, not discharged out;
2. Concrete systems wash water: sedimentation basin +
adding flocculant + impounding reservoir; sedimentation
over 6h will automatically flow into the reservoir,
circulating for concrete mixing, construction dust
watering and others, not discharged out;
50
Construction
units,
Project
construction
unit
County
Environmental
Protection
Bureau,
Integrated
management of
rural sanitation
department,
Water Affairs
165
wastewater
also has a
higher
concentration
of suspended
matter, so if
they were
directly
discharged,
they will
have some
impact on the
environment;
3. Pit waste: Grit Chamber + flocculation and
sedimentation tank, the treated wastewater is used for
concrete curing and concrete mixing, dust watering, and
others, not discharged out.
4. The construction team uses latrine pits, and sewage as
manure, nothing discharged out.
Bureau
Groundwater
pollution,
Groundwater
drawdown
1. Strengthening the subsidence observations on the
surrounding surface and buildings, once abnormalities,
immediately stop pumping groundwater and
construction.
2. In the course of project construction, the work area
shall be kept clean, and avoid water and contaminants
entering the excavation trench to form water penetration.
3. If the site needs to store fuel, the storehouse must be
imperviously handled; both storage and use should take
measures to prevent the oil running, emitting, dripping,
leaking, and polluting water.
4. When the living garbage temporarily stored, it must
be taken seepage prevention and anti erosion measures
according to relevant requirements, so as to prevent
10
Construction
units,
Project
construction
unit
County
Environmental
Protection
Bureau,
Integrated
management of
rural sanitation
department,
Water Affairs
Bureau
166
waste water, leachate and other infiltrations from
contaminating groundwater.
5. It is better try to choose a non-flood season to carry
out a site-based construction, so that the impact of
shallow groundwater depth on construction can be
reduced.
Sound
environment:
construction
machinery,
transport
vehicles,
aggregates
processing
system and
other
construction
activities will
have an
impact on the
surrounding
villages of
sound
environment
and also on
construction
personnel.
1. According to the Construction Site Environmental
Noise Emission Standards (GB12523-2011)
requirements, it is obeyed that reasonable arrangements
for the construction time, trying not to carry out the
construction at night or arranging low noise construction
operations. Strong noise of construction machinery (such
as hammers) at night (22:00-6:00) should stop the
construction. For sensitive points close to the route, at
night it should try not to carry out the construction or
arrange only low-noise construction operations, while
taking measures to reduce the impact of noise on
residents around construction to a minimum; if for
special reason, needing continuous construction, it must
be admitted in advance by the relevant departments, and
communicate in advance with the residents.
2. For sensitive sections of sound environment, it is
required to take many measures to protect environment,
such as to establish No Honking warning signs, to use
low-noise equipment; and for noise point source,
transmission and traffic noise, to implement control, and
for construction personnel to equip with anti-noise
25 Construction
units
County
Environmental
Protection
Bureau,
Planning and
Construction
Bureau ,
Integrated
management of
rural sanitation
department
167
earplugs, to arrange reasonable construction time and so
on.
Social Impact
Traffic Impact:
1. The vehicles often out and in the sites should be
required to route traffic, and washed clean before
entering the township roads; for those materials easy to
spread and leak, it is asked to use confined transport, to
effectively prevent dust pollution.
2. Vehicles overload or with mud cannot get on the road,
so as to prevent contamination to the road, to reduce
secondary dust pollution.
3. The one-way traffic and road construction site nearby
needing appointed people to direct traffic, in order to
prevent causing traffic congestion. Especially in the
places of Zao Er Ya and Qing Ping Village, the road is
narrow and has no relevant traffic sign, so it is necessary
at the corner of the road and downhill places to layout
warning signs of pipeline construction and safety
driving, and also to arrange transportation inspector,
commanding vehicle safe driving.
4. Prior to construction, it should publish in the mass
media, the information related to the construction, and
for the road section may form a plug, notice in advance
the people, and give relevant solutions (such as limited
release, etc.).
5. The construction side should set up "roadworks ahead,
vehicles slow", "construction ahead, detour" and other
5
Construction
units,
Project
construction
unit
Transportation
Authority,
cultural relics
bureau,
municipal
bureau for
urban
administration ,
Integrated
management of
rural sanitation
department,
Health Bureau
168
similar road construction warning signs to alert vehicles
in attention, which is convenient for residents to travel.
6. To facilitate passing vehicles at night and reduce the
probability of an accident, it should be set in the road
construction warning lights to guide traffic.
Landscape impacts:
1. After the completion of the main works, it should be
completed as soon as possible the clearing, greening,
road restoration and other ancillary works, so as to keep
harmonization with the environment.
Land occupation influence.
Heritage Impact:
According to the site visit of the project line and around,
the project around has not heritage conservation units or
heritage point distribution. But taking into account that
the construction process may find new heritage
resources, the construction unit in the construction
process once discovering new artifacts, it should
immediately stop construction for a good protection, and
actively cooperate with the local cultural relics
departments for digging and finishing work.
169
Table 8.2-2 Environmental Mitigation Measures of Road Subproject
Phase
The main
negative
impact
Environmental measures
Investment
amount
(10,000 Yuan)
Executor Supervisor
Design
phase
The project
covering
types,
Water
involving
operations,
Impact on
sensitive
points around
the project
1. Line selection should minimize the occupation of
land, and mostly occupy the original land; the project
will try to avoid the occupation of farmland, fertile
soil, forest and nature reserves, scenic spots, forest
parks, drinking water source protection areas, cultural
relics protection units, historical or cultural sites,
villages, schools and other sensitive areas. Maximize
the use of existing land, such as the road hardening
construction of this project works on the original road,
no new area.
2. Line selection should take advantage of the local
terrain topography, to avoid adverse geology and high
digging deep filling lots, and choose the appropriate
technical standards to ensure linear equalization; from
traffic safety, smooth and construction, economic and
easy maintenance, to make the route a combination of
flat, vertical and horizontal three faces, it strives for
the flat section short and smooth, vertical section
gentle and even, cross section stable and economical;
3. To note that comprehensive management of
mountain, water, land, forest and road, so that
occupying less farming lands.
4. Line selection should be combined with rural
Included in the
design fee, no
separate
estimate
Poverty
alleviation
centers of
Province,
cities and
counties
project
implementat
ion
Township
and project
villages,
Design
Units
Planning
and
Constructio
n Bureau,
Land
Bureau,
Forestry
Bureau
Water
Affairs
Bureau,
Roads and
Traffic
Authority
170
planning, to avoid demolition, and to reduce project
costs and unstable social factors.
Construction
Phase
Environmenta
l Impact
Implementation refers to Table 8.2-1 of the relevant
environmental protection measures. / / /
Operational
phase
Surface water
pollution
caused by
runoff
1. Strengthening the ditch and embankment slope
maintenance and management, protecting the road
drainage system fluent;
2. Arranging specialized person to clean roads,
maintaining roads tidy;
3. Planning rationally the drainage direction of runoff,
and prohibiting discharging directly into the ponds,
aquaculture and other sensitive water bodies.
7 (Drainage
design is
included in the
project cost)
Managemen
t
departments
of county,
township
roads
County
Environmen
tal
Protection
Bureau,
Integrated
management
of rural
sanitation
department,
Water
Affairs
Bureau,
Department
of
Transportati
on
Motorcycle
exhaust
1. Arranging specialized person to clean roads,
maintaining roads tidy, and reducing road dust;
2. To enhance the green of both the road sides,
5
Managemen
t
department
County
Environmen
tal
171
enhance exhaust gas absorption, and reduce dust and
exhaust from spreading.
of county
and
township
roads
Protection
Bureau,
Integrated
management
of rural
sanitation
department,
Department
of
Transportati
on
Traffic noise
pollution
1. For the sound sensitive sections, it is necessary to
set up warning signs of No Honking, set the
deceleration lane and green belts, etc., to reduce the
effects of noise;
2. For the sensitive points whose prediction results of
sound noise exceeding the standards, due to the impact
of proposed road traffic noise during medium-term
operations, we planned to carry out measures of
building sound barriers, installing ventilation but
soundproof windows or environmental demolition to
decrease noise; for the long-term operations sensitive
points, we will take regular tracking and monitoring
measures, and take appropriate steps to reply the
monitoring results. This road project is located in the
rural areas, and the residents are relatively dispersed,
so considering environmental and economic aspects,
12
County and
township
roads
managemen
t
County
Environmen
tal
Protection
Bureau,
Integrated
management
of rural
sanitation
department,
Department
of
Transportati
on
172
we advise to install soundproof windows for these
sensitive points.
3. When making the rural planning, land on both sides
of the road should be properly considered, and within
the scope of excessive noise, it is forbidden to build
concentrated residential areas, schools, hospitals and
other sound-sensitive buildings, if these buildings
without nnoise reduction measures taken.
Environmenta
l impacts
caused by
traffic
accidents and
other
environmental
risks
1. To strictly follow the provisions of the transport of
dangerous goods, whose transportation vehicles must
be clearly marked during transport, in order to attract
enough attention to other vehicles. Once an accident
occurs, it should be promptly noticed to the police, and
timely to the related road administration, fire fighting
department, and environmental protection department
to take emergency measures.
2. Enhancing the driver safety education and
professional ethics education to reduce man-made
traffic accidents. After Leakage accident occurred, it
should be taken timely and effectively pollution
control measures, prohibit chemicals into the water to
ensure water is not contaminated.
3. In the sections with many sharp corners, it is
necessary to set up relevant traffic signs to alert the
drivers in sharp bends and other special sections slow
down;
4. Strictly implementing the People's Republic of
10
County and
township
roads
managemen
t
County
Environmen
tal
Protection
Bureau,
Integrated
management
of rural
sanitation
department,
Department
of
Transportati
on
173
China on Road Traffic Safety Law for road
transportation making actual emergency management
plan for risk accidents. Plan includes the
responsibilities and tasks of directing agency; choices
of emergency techniques and processing steps;
equipment, equipment configuration and layout;
human and material resources to ensure and
deployment; dynamic monitoring system for accidents
and so on.
Table 8.2-3 Environmental Mitigation Measures of the Water Conservancy Subproject
Phase Main
activities
Major
negative
impacts
Environmental measures
Investment
(10,000
Yuan)
Executor Supervisor
Design
phase
Location
and overall
design of
cisterns and
aqueducts
Impact on
landscape
Cisterns and aqueducts cover small floor
area, however, there are a larger number
of aqueducts, which are the landscape
node of this region and have greater
impact. It is required that an overall
landscape design be made during the
construction of cisterns and aqueducts by
taking into account the factors of
environmental protection, greening and
landscape, so that the cisterns will be in
hamonious with the surrounding buildings
Design fee
included
Poverty Relief
Office at
province-, city-
and
county-level,
project
implementation
towns and
villages, design
unit
County-level
Housing
Construction
Bureau, Land
Bureau,
Forestry
Bureau, Water
Affairs
Bureau and
Environmental
Protection
174
and green belt, making the rural
environment more attractive and laying a
foundation for later forming a scale
agricultural industrial park to promote
tourism development.
Agency
Landslide
or soil
erosion
1. To carry out geological and
geomorphological exploration and choose
appropriate construction technology;
2. To occupy no or less farmland or
forestry land.
Construction
phase
Foundation
excavation
and
construction,
overall
construction
General
impact Refer to the measures listed in Table 9.2-1 / / /
Operation
phase
Human
activities
and
livestock
and poultry
drinking
water safety
The risk
of being
drowned
when
swimming
or
drinking
water in
the
cisterns
To heighten the cisterns and mount the
top wall with glass fragments to prevent
human or livestock from going inside; to
build step ladder to facilitate the
maintenance and management personnel
up and down as well as accident rescue; to
strengthen management and advocacy, set
up warning signs to prevent the
occurrence of accidents.
10
Poverty Relief
Office at
province-, city-
and
county-level,
project
implementation
towns and
villages
County-level
government,
Environmental
Protection
Agency and
Township
Environment
Management
Departments
175
Table 8.2-4 Environmental Mitigation Measures of Non-linear Project
Phases
Major
negative
impacts
Environmental measures
Investment
(10,000
Yuan)
Executor Supervisor
Design
phase
Noise\
gas
1.To well design the land use planning of market
surroundings, sensitive targets such as residential
areas and schools are not suitable for the location.
2. As far as possible location for the draining water
pipe network in the existing municipal, orplan to
build.
Included in
design fee,
and free
from
separate
accounting
Poverty Relief
Office at province-,
city- and
county-level,
project
implementation
towns and villages,
design unit
Planning and
Construction
Bureau, Land
Bureau,
Forestry
Bureau
The
sewage
treatment
market /
factory /
housing
and rural
tourism
1.Rural Tourism: Catering wastewater through
the sewage treatment facilities in rural areas across
the pool after pretreatment with sewage together into
the village of. It is advised to adopt the artificial
wetland processing technology in rural sewage
treatment facilities. The water discharged of artificial
wetland processing technology shall meet the third
level standard of Discharge standard of pollutants for
municipal wastewater treatment plant
(GB18918-2002).
2.farmers market: market position is uncertain, and
the periphery does not have matched utilities and
auxiliary facilities, the EIA recommendations each
region according to the construction of the
market scale, rational distribution of sewage treatment
/
Poverty Relief
Office at province-,
city- and
county-level,
project
implementation
towns and villages,
design unit
Environmental
Protection
Agency
176
facilities. Market smaller and less waste water
discharge, the surrounding farmland, woodlandhas
more by septic tank used for farmland irrigation and
fertilization, for wastewater irrigation should meet
the"standards for irrigation water
quality" (GB5084-2005) requirements; market scale is
larger and sewage
emissionsmore, don't be surrounding the
project farmland irrigation projects, relevant
departments in the district should dispose the
corresponding sewage treatment station, to the
life, production sewage treatment discharge standards.
3.pens: dry manure barns in process design, reducing
flushing water, excrement and urine separation of wet
and dry,easy to pollution control. Urine and waste
water flushing breeding houses should flow into the
biogas digester together for anaerobic digestion
treatment, after which the waste water can be used for
fertilization of farmland. 4. processing
factories: cleaning wastewater composition than the
simple sedimentation tank after treatment discharge
standards; the life sewage is septic tank used for
farmland irrigation and fertilization, for
wastewater irrigation should meet the "standards for
irrigation water
quality" (GB5084-2005) requirements.
177
Construction
phase Refer to the measures listed in Table 8.2-1. / / /
Operation
phase
Operational
noise
1. Commercial Noise: To locate the stores
reasonably and keep sufficient distance from the
residence in the design, take measures to
strengthen its internal sound insulation, reduce
the noise with surrounding green belts; to
formulate a strict management system to prevent
commercial noise nuisance, such as ban of
tweeter selling;
2. Vehicle Noise: No honking for vehicles
driving into or out of the parking lot, and to
minimize the frequent starting and idling as
much as possible.
3. Equipment Noise: To use low-noise
equipment, install mufflers, enclosures,
sound-proof shed or shock absorbers on
high-noise ones to reduce the noise generation
and control noise pollution.
5
Poverty Relief
Office at province-,
city- and
county-level,
project
implementation
towns and villages
County-level
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
Township
Environment
Management
Department,
Trade and
Industry
Bureau
Impact of
sewage on
surface water
After being treated in septic tanks of 3 level,
domestic sewage from trading markets,
processing plants and rural tourism will be used
as farmyard manure instead of being discharged;
Dining oily wastewater after grease separation
will be processed together with domestic sewage
in the septic tanks. Cleaning wastewater from
processing plants will be disposed by
150
Poverty Relief
Office at province-,
city- and
county-level,
project
implementation
towns and villages,
farmers
County-level
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
Township
Environment
Management
Department
178
precipitating in sedimentation tank before being
discharge.
Impact of
exhaust gas
on
surrounding
environment
Automobile exhaust:
To reduce automobile exhaust generation by
enhancing traffic management and avoiding idle
driving.
Dining exhaust fume:
To set aside a concentrated flue in the dining
building, all the exhaust fumes after being cooled
and de-greased to standard with efficient fume
purification device before emission at the roof
peak; the distance between dining area and fume
exhaust outlet and sensitive buildings around
shall meet relevant provisions in “Environment
Protection Technical Specifications for Catering
Industries” (HJ554-2010).
12
Project
implementation
towns and villages,
farmers
County-level
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
Township
Environment
Management
Department,
Health
Bureau, Trade
and Industry
Bureau
Impact of
solid wastes
on
surrounding
environment
Garbage:
1. Garbage will be collected in bags and
transported to garbage collection pools for
centralized collection, which are then sent to
township solid waste landfill for disposal;
2. Garbage collection pools are airtight and there
are designated staff responsible for cleaning and
spraying disinfectant, transporting them to the
municipal garbage collection stations for the
purpose of reducing stench generation and
10
Project
implementation
towns and villages,
farmers
County-level
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
Township
Environment
Management
Department,
Health
Bureau,
179
escape;
3. Office waste such as toner cartridges and used
batteries should be collected separately instead of
being mixed with household garbage in order to
avoid heavy metal contamination to soil and
groundwater;
Sanitation,
Sector, Trade
and Industry
Bureau
Table 8.2-5 Environmental Mitigation Measures of livestock and poultry breeding projects
Phases
Major
negative
impacts
Mitigation/prevention measures
Investment
(10,000
Yuan)
Executor Supervisor
Housing
location
and
design
phase
Impact on
atmosphere
and surface
water
1. No construction in protection areas for drinking water
source , scenic spots as well as core area and buffer zone
of nature reserves;
2. 2. No construction in urban residential areas, including
cultural, educational and research zones, medical,
commercial and industrial zones, sightseeing districts and
other densely inhabited areas;
3. 3. The location of livestock and poultry breeding
pollution control project (septic tanks and manure
disposal site) should keep a certain sanitary protection
Included in
design fee
Poverty Relief
Office at
province-, city-
and
county-level,
project
implementation
towns and
villages
Planning and
Construction
Bureau,
Animal
Husbandry
Bureau, Land
Bureau,
Forestry
Bureau
180
distance from the production area and residential
buildings, and it should set in the downwind or side wind
area of the dominant wind direction.
4. Liquid and solid waste storage facilities should be
separately installed in the breeding areas, and the manure
storage facilities must be located 400 m above surface
waters.
5. To design housing pens according to dry collection and
reduce flushing water, separation of feces and urine to
facilitate pollution control.
6. Manure disposal facilities must be installed, and it is
suggested to choose dry and dilute separation
Biological anaerobic method processes for both small
raising households and scaled breeding.
Operation
phase
Impact on
water
environment
1. Wastewater after anaerobic treatment can be sent via
pipeline or hand haulage to field for irrigation. EIA
proposes to build livestock waste storage tanks in the
field to facilitate irrigation;
2. Flood irrigation is prohibited when using animal urine
pretreatment for farmland fertilization, while drip or
spray irrigation is preferred to avoid soil pollution on soil
and surface water and the same plot should avoid too
frequent watering.
15
Poverty Relief
Office at
province-, city-
and
county-level,
project
implementation
towns and
villages
County-level
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
Township
Environment
Management
Department,
Animal
Husbandry
Bureau
181
Impact on
groundwater
1. Drip irrigation or artificial irrigation mode is preferred
when using the wastewater for irrigation, and avoid
excessive irrigation to per unit of land;
2. To reasonably lay rain sewage pipes or ditches.
Corrosion-resistant PVC pipes should be used for
wastewater collection , and each pipe’s interface is well
sealed so that the rain water inside and outside the pens
can get timely released;
3. The pool and trench bottom of each housing,
temporary stockpiling area and methane tank shall be
constructed with reinforced concrete by strengthened
seepage control measures. Meanwhile, the floor in the
production area should be checked whether there is any
rupture and the sewage pipeline is sealed or not on a
regular basis to prevent water leakage. In anti-seepage
processing, refer to relevant specifications of concrete
construction, ensuring that the concrete compressive
strength, impermeability and frost resistance meet the
design requirements; vertical walls, smooth surface, wet
concrete joints of adjacent parts should be tight. The
thickness of protective layer meets specifications: before
pouring the concrete wall, concrete construction joints
should be carefully chiseled, cleaned and rinsed.
Compacting concrete converge to prevent leak;
5. Dry removal process should be adopted to clear
livestock manure. For temporary accumulation station, a
specialized building equipped with cleaning and
80
Poverty Relief
Office at
province-, city-
and
county-level,
project
implementation
towns and
villages
County-level
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
Township
Environment
Management
Department,
Animal
Husbandry
Bureau
182
disinfecting devices should be built, with a rinse water
discharge pipe being added and connected to the overall
sewer network to eliminate all kinds of solid waste
infiltration.
Noise
1. The breeding area should be reasonably located to keep
a distance from the residential areas and control noise
nuisance;
2. Livestock feeding should be rationally planned to
avoid large-scale noise produced by starving livestock;
3. Necessary insulation measures should be taken inside
captive rooms, for example, to install sound-proof
windows and doors.
10
Poverty Relief
Office at
province-, city-
and
county-level,
project
implementation
towns and
villages
County-level
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
Township
Environment
Management
Department,
Animal
Husbandry
Bureau
Impact of
odor
1. To enhance greening. To plant shrubs or pines on both
sides of farm roads and for the border areas, tall trees
such as Alamos and eucalyptus are preferred to form a
multilayer shelterbelt to reduce the impact of odor
pollution.
2. To strengthen odor pollution management. To
promptly clean up animal waste and regularly clean the
pens. To strengthen housing hygiene management and
ventilation measures for. For manure storage and septic
tanks, to enhance process control and removal
management to reduce long stockpiling. Seal the cover
and take negative pressure deodorizing isolation measures
20
Poverty Relief
Office at
province-, city-
and
county-level,
project
implementation
towns and
villages
County-level
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
Township
Environment
Management
Department,
Animal
Husbandry
Bureau
183
to mitigate the effects of odor on the regional
environment.
3. To use deodorant. To adopt compound feed mixing
straw with effective microorganisms microbial inoculant,
which is composed of 10 species such as the
photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, lactic acid
and 80 kinds of microorganisms. To feed livestock with
it, they can produce less nitrogen and manure, thus
reducing the pollutant emissions and malodorous gases.
Impact of
livestock
manure on
environment
1. A special temporary stacking area with canopy should
be set up and seepage control measures should be taken.
In summer, disinfectant should be regularly sprayed to
stacked spaces. The volume design of manure heap
should refer to the “Detailed Regulation for Total
Emission Reduction of Main Pollutants in the 12th
Five-year Plan” formulated by China Environmental
Protection Department.
2. In transporting the livestock manure, leakproof liner
should be installed at the bottom of the vehicles in case
that the percolate causes secondary pollution. A tarpaulin
covered on the top can avoid the impact on the rural
landscape as well as spills. A reasonable choice of
transport routes and times can minimize the impact on the
environment and residents along the line.
15
Poverty Relief
Office at
province-, city-
and
county-level,
project
implementation
towns and
villages
County-level
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
Township
Environment
Management
Department,
Animal
Husbandry
Bureau
Impact of
dead
livestock on
1. The farmers must check the livestock every day and in
case of discovery of dead ones, they must promptly report
to veterinarians; sick animals with therapeutic value must
25
Poverty Relief
Office at
province-, city-
County-level
Environmental
Protection
184
surroundings be treated under veterinary guidance.
2. No dead livestock can be sold, eaten or thrown away
randomly.
3. Dead livestock and their excreta must be wrapped in
feed bags with lining for inspection, and the pens where
they live must be disinfected with disinfectant spray.
4. Common dead livestock must be sent to veterinary
chamber for inspection, autopsy and examination by the
on-site veterinarian. In case of suspicious cases of highly
infectious diseases, they must be promptly reported to the
staff in charge as well as local veterinary inspection
department for diagnosis.
5. Local veterinary authorities will help farmer dispose of
dead livestock; For suspected cases of highly infectious
diseases or of zoonotic diseases, anatomy is prohibited
and the dead livestock must be buried deep.
6. The dead livestock must be registered for record, and
the necropsy ones must be recorded with the autopsy and
laboratory tests.
7. As the project is located in the rural area and many are
scattered breeding plants without adequate burning
facilities, so the dead livestock should be disposed of in
secure landfill way. More than 2 landfill wells are
required for this project, and each time the dead body is
put into, a layer of slaked lime more than 10 cm thick
should be covered and once the well is filled, it must be
sealed and compacted with clay.
and
county-level,
project
implementation
towns and
villages
Agency,
Township
Environment
Management
Department,
Animal
Husbandry
Bureau
185
Impact of
infectious
diseases on
people’s
health
Routine precautions
1. The breeding areas should be separated from the living
areas. Pens should be disinfected, and efficient drugs with
small irritant are preferred. Floors can be disinfected with
2% sodium hydroxide or 0.5 % peracetic acid solution;
2. A strict control of non-production personnel entering
the production area. Those who have to go into must wear
overalls and hats and go into the sterilization chamber for
disinfection.
3. At least one physical examination should be performed
to the raising personnel every year. Anyone with
infectious diseases to human or cattle should be promptly
removed to prevent infection.
4. To keep the pens clean, smooth, dry and free of
contaminants (such as brick stone, slag, waste plastic
bags, etc.).
5. Brucellosis is quarantined regularly to ensure the
health of the flock. 2% of the flock can be randomly
selected to use bicolor antigen condensation reaction for
brucellosis surveillance each year. To carry out a planned
and organized goat immunization for prevention and
control of communicable diseases.
6. Desinsectization and insecticide is carried out regularly
in the form of spray, oral medication or injection.
Emergency control measures in case of outbreaks:
1. An epidemic prevention team should be formed
immediately to make a definite diagnosis as soon as
30
Poverty Relief
Office at
province-, city-
and
county-level,
project
implementation
towns and
villages
County-level
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
Township
Environment
Management
Department,
Animal
Husbandry
Bureau,
Health Bureau
186
possible and report to the competent authorities over the
outbreak.
2. To isolate the sick animals promptly, infectious disease
with heavier hazards should be promptly blocked and
strictly limit the personnel and vehicles in and out of the
blocked zone while strictly disinfect the polluted
environmental. The blockade can be removed only when
there are no new cases within 2 incubation periods after
the last infected one is recovered or slaughtered and an
approval is issued by the higher authorities after the
infectious zone being fully sterilized.
3. Reasonable control measures should be taken for the
infected livestock and livestock under blockade,
including emergency vaccination, antibiotic therapy,
specific hyperimmune serum therapy, chemotherapy as
well as auxiliary therapies to enhance physical and
physiological function.
4. Dead animal Carcasses should be disposed of in strict
accordance with the Prevention of Disease Ordinance.
5. In case of major epidemic, the provisions in
Emergency Regulations for Major Animal Disease and
Technical Specifications for Highly Pathogenic Avian
Influenza must be strictly enforced.
Impact on
ecological
environment
1. Railings, buffer zones and other obstacles are used to
prevent the animals from getting close to the surface
water body. Grazing is limited and captivity is preferred,
and artificial forage can meet the basic needs at present;
5
Poverty Relief
Office at
province-, city-
and
County-level
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
187
2. Before reforming the land into plantation,
investigations should be carried out for he project area in
order to identify, distinguish and describe the types of
natural ecological habitat and transformed ones, and to
determine its value in terms of biodiversity to the region
or the whole country;
3. To ensure that the natural habitat or transformed ones
planned to transform to planation does not contain critical
habitat, including the habitat for the known critically
endangered species , or important wildlife calving,
feeding and staging areas;
4. In case that there is critically endangered species in the
area used for livestock breeding, it should be taken into
account in the management process and minimize the
disturbance to surrounding areas.
5. Crop straw can be used for feeding flocks and herds
while livestock excrement can be used as organic
fertilizer to improve soil fertility and form a virtuous
ecological cycle helpful to the development of
agricultural production;
county-level,
project
implementation
towns and
villages
Township
Environment
Management
Department,
Animal
Husbandry
Bureau
188
Table 8.2-6 Environmental mitigation measures of agricultural product primary processing projects
Impcts Mitigation measures
Cost
estimate
(10,000)
Imple
menta
or
Supervisor
Impact on
water
environment
The cleaning wastewater composition is treated in sedimentation tank up to
standard before discharge and domestic sewage is used as field manure after septic
tank treatment.
10
Proces
sing
plant
Environmenta
l Protection
Agency at
county-level
Impact on
atmospheric
environment
1. SO2 generated from the drying process will be absorbed in the gas hood and
then be discharged through 15m high exhaust device on the roof after
desulfurization and dedusting with alkaline water film up to standard;
2. The tea powder dust generated in production will be collected by the compact
collecting unit, with smaller impact on the external environment.
3. In order to protect the environment, refrigerant that has been banned or does
greater harm to the ozone layer (e.g. R-12) is prohibited to be used in the
storeroom, while R-134a and liquid ammonia are recommended.
20
Proces
sing
plant
Environmenta
l Protection
Agency at
county
Impact of
noise
1. To strengthen greening in plant area. Tall trees should be planted to beautify the
environment and reduce noise;
2. All types of machinery and equipment should be placed indoors. It is required to
choose low-noise equipment and fix vibration-proof foundation at the bottom.
Soundproof windows and doors should be installed to the workshop, with which
the noise will decay naturally;
3. Refrigerators and generators should be set up in separate rooms;
15
Comp
any /
Proces
sing
plant
Environmenta
l Protection
Agency at
county
Impact of
solid waste
Waste packaging materials:
To be recycled by the acquisition unit after separate collection;
Defective products are mainly spoiled gastrodia elata or deteriorated raw
materials generated during processing, which can be collected in the factory
20
Comp
any /
Proces
sing
Environmenta
l Protection
Agency at
county
189
district and then treated regularly by the local sanitation system.
Domestic Garbage:
A unified treatment for the collected domestic garbage will be carried out in the
municipal waste disposal sites;
plant
Table 8.2-7 Environmental Mitigation Measures of Planting Project
Phase
Main
negative
effects
Mitigation/ prevention and control measures
Investment
(10,000
Yuan)
Executor Supervisor
Land
selection
Improper land
consolidation
and seedling
planting may
result in water
and soil loss.
1.Chili Plantation : planting generally choose planted
Solanaceae crops in the absence of hillside, in order
to avoid theloss of soil and water, the slope of 25
degrees above the regional banned cultivation, at the
same time of plantingarea should avoid large
area land reclamation work, only a
simple flat to land, reduce soil erosion and ecological
estruction and construction the.
2.Rhizoma Gastrodiae Plantation: Select the gradient
is less than 25 degree slopes, alpine area selected Lee
sunny culture, low-lying, climate warm place
selected cool area, middle-mountain area selected
cool wilderness or forest culture.
3.Dendrobium Plantation :Select the 230-800m
above sea level, the relative concentration of rock,
stone pine blister rough moisture absorption, there
35
Provinces,
cities and
county
centers for
poverty
alleviation,
project
implementati
on towns and
project
villages
Planning and
Construction
Bureau,
Agriculture
and Animal
Husbandry
Bureau,
Environmental
Protection
Bureau of the
county,
environment
comprehensiv
e management
department of
towns and
190
are stone or moss, a broadleaf forest, shading rate of
60%-70%, a near water, local water pure.
4.Tea Plantation: Tea planting should be built on
the slope of 25 degrees below the hills, plots
of no water
accumulation,concentrated, gentle regular ideal, stee
p slope should not be reclaimed, avoid water and soil
erosion; in the teagarden cultivation process should
be reclaimed along the contour line, not along
the slope into the long planting.
5. Vegetable: it was necessary to choose places
which were exposed to the sun where no high trees or
buildings for shade and the sunlight there was
sufficient; it was necessary to choose flat plots; it
was required of appropriate soil fertility, sufficient
water and nutrition supply, deep and thick soil layer,
proper tightness of farming layer, moderate texture in
sand clay, soil in proper pH, appropriate level of
underground water and without heavy metal and
other toxic substance pollution; meanwhile, it was
necessary to choose plots close to water source and
sound in irrigation and drainage.
villages,
geological
disaster
management
department
Culture of
seedlings
Pollution
caused by
agricultural
plastic
1. Film removing at proper time: film removing after
harvest is changed to film removing before harvest.
For the specific time of film removing, it is best to be
at the original sunshine period after rain or in the
6
Provinces,
cities and
county
centers for
Environmental
Protection
Bureau of the
county,
191
early morning when the soil is moisture, for proper
time of film removing can reduce the agricultural
film remained in the soil;
2. Adopt measures combining artificial and
mechanical recovery, strengthening the recycling
degree of residual ground film and plastic bottles: in
addition to adopting measures of film removing
before the first water, you can also organize labors to
recycle residual ground film manually or with rabble.
Good effects can also be gained through recycling
with a plastic recycling machine when digging, land
clearing, or before seeding and after harvest;
3. Optimize cropping system: Strengthen crop
rotation systems to reduce coverage fraction of the
average film per unit area and then reduce the
pollution hazard of residual film.
poverty
alleviation,
project
implementati
on towns and
project
villages
environment
comprehensiv
e management
department of
towns and
villages,
Agriculture
and Animal
Husbandry
Bureau
Field
management
Impact of
irrigation on
water
environmenta
l impact.
1. In the process of planting, enlarge the research and
reasonable application of water-saving irrigation
technology, vigorously promoting the
micro-irrigation technique of water economy and
reduce irrigation water consumption by vigorously
promoting the micro-irrigation technique of water
economy;
2. Make rational development and level optimization
of water resource in irrigation districts to increase the
utilization ratio of water resources and keep balance
of water resources in irrigation area;
20
Provinces,
cities and
county
centers for
poverty
alleviation,
project
implementati
on towns and
project
villages
Environmental
Protection
Bureau of the
county,
environment
comprehensiv
e management
department of
towns and
villages,
Agriculture
192
3. Formulate scientific water system and make good
plan of water usage and distribution according to
crop growth and rules, crop water requirement, soil
water content, and the space-time distribution of
precipitation. With the standard that irrigation will
not produce water-back, water distribution accuracy
should be above 95% to prevent overexploitation of
groundwater due to excessive irrigation and pollution
of groundwater due to deep leakage;
4. Establish a strict system of facilities management
and maintenance and regularly check the running
condition of facilities to ensure that all kinds of
water-saving facilities are in good operation;
5. Make rational dense planting and increase land
coverage to reduce exposed area and time of soil,
restrain the increase of soil moisture, and, control soil
secondary salinization and increase soil desalting
effect.
and Animal
Husbandry
Bureau
Pollution
from fertilizer
use
1.Try as far as possible to use organic manure
instead of fertilizer;
2. Organic fertilizer is used as basic fertilizer to
reduce the loss of the fertilizer, which can effectively
improve soil, enrich the soil fertility, improve the
quality of the crops, and realize crop safety and
sustainable development strategy of agriculture.
Chemical fertilizers are used combining with
farmyard manure, which can improve crop nutrition
15
Provinces,
cities and
county
centers for
poverty
alleviation,
project
implementati
on towns and
Environmental
Protection
Bureau of the
county,
environment
comprehensiv
e management
department of
towns and
193
and soil fertility, decrease the cost of fertilization,
improve the efficiency of fertilizer, improve crop
yield and quality, and reduce the pollution of the
environment;
3. “Fertigation” possibly adopted in horticultural
production means that a small amount of fertilizer is
added to water for irrigation. This method requires
detailed management and is usually used in
greenhouse production, using appropriate technology
and equipment to spray fertilizer;
4. Carry out intercropping, interplanting and crop
rotation for agricultural crops, wood fruit trees and
leguminous crops (green manure crops) to reduce the
use of chemical fertilizer and improve the utilization
efficiency of fertilizers;
5. According to the conditions of crop and soil, make
nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer used in
proportion and pay attention to the reasonable use of
microelement fertilizer at the same time to balance
the supply of nutrients and give full play to the
mutual promotion between the fertilizer;
6. Before fertilizing, factors like the fertilizer’s
nutrient content, solubility, acid-base property, side
effects, and fertilizer interaction after being mixed
should be synthetically considered so as to give full
play to the economic benefits of fertilizers;
7. Before fertilizing, the properties of the soil e.g.,
project
villages
villages,
Agriculture
and Animal
Husbandry
Bureau
194
soil organic matter and soil nutrient status, soil
texture, PH value of the soil, and maturity degree of
soil should be tested so as to choose the appropriate
kind of fertilizer and determine reasonable
fertilization methods;
8. Improve the fertilization technology, and raise the
utilization rate of fertilizer. First, follow the principle
of “firming nitrogen, controlling phosphorus and
increasing potassium”, and the second is to improve
the fertilizing method, focusing on promoting
concentrated fertilization technology such as the
technique of deep application of nitrogen fertilizer,
phosphate fertilizer on seedling root, and fertilization
technology for soil, crops and fertilizer, vigorously
promoting scientific and rational fertilization
technology e.g., balanced application of fertilizers
based on soil and nutrition diagnosis of fertilization
etc.
Pollution
from pesticide
use
1. Crop rotation can reduce the risk of diseases and
pests and weeds existed in soil eco-system, and
control weeds by using mechanical or thermal weed
control methods;
2. Choosing the seeds, and seedlings which have
resistance to disease and pest and when introduction,
conduct quarantine of seeds and seedlings to prevent
the spread of diseases and pests and weeds,
improving the ability of plant disease resistance by
15
Provinces,
cities and
county
centers for
poverty
alleviation,
project
implementati
on towns and
Environmental
Protection
Bureau (EPB)
of the county,
environment
comprehensiv
e management
department of
towns and
195
cultivation measures. In case of pests and diseases,
try to use physical methods (pulling strain,
population capture, light trap etc.) as far as possible
to achieve the goal of minimum pesticide usage or
without the use of pesticides;
3. Support the use of biological methods to control
insect pests, e.g., using insects, birds, mites and
microbial agents of beneficial organisms;
4. Use animal grazing to remove weeds control and
vegetation coverage, and use mechanical methods
such as trap, barriers, lighting and noise to eliminate,
evacuate and drive out the pests;
5. Reduce the use of chemical pesticides, advocate
biological control, agricultural control and
comprehensive control, and it is recommended to use
low toxicity pesticide, controlling the use of
poisonous pesticide, banning the use of high toxic
pesticides and pesticides listed in Pesticides List
Banned and Restricted by the Country;
6. Strengthen the monitoring of plant diseases and
pests, provide scientific basis for orchard pest
management, and promote the green prevention and
control of diseases and pests and reduce the residual
pesticide reduction through technical training and
equipment configuration;
7. The pesticides should be stored in the original
packaging, and put in a place that is specialized, dry
project
villages
villages,
Agriculture
and Animal
Husbandry
Bureau
196
cool, well ventilated and without frost, and which
should be locked with an obvious mark, and only 3
authorized personnel are allowed to enter. It should
be ensured that human or animal food will not be
stored in the same place. This storage area should be
designed with leakage control measures, and the
potential contamination to soil and water resources
should be considered;
8. It should be ensured that the protective clothing
worn in the application of pesticides is washed or
handled in other ways friendly to the environment. In
the use and storage of pesticides, use groundwater
recharge to prevent counter current, insisting on
recording the pesticide use and its utility.
Harvest Impact of
crop straw
1. After the crop straw is collected, according to
principle of ensiling, comprehensive and supporting
technologies shall be adopted for developing and
utilizing crop straw to feed livestock, and for
transforming straw biomass resources such as
potatoes into silage to feed the livestock. The crop
straw should not be burned in open air;
2. Improve the technical guidance and support for
straw recycling.
4
Provinces,
cities and
county
centers for
poverty
alleviation,
project
implementati
on towns and
project
villages
County EPB,
environment
comprehensiv
e management
department of
towns and
villages,
Agriculture
and Animal
Husbandry
Bureau
197
8.3 Environment Monitoring Program
Due to the large scale, extensive and complicated area and variety of the poverty
alleviation project, the implementation of the project has long-term, potential and
uncertain influence on the environmental factors e.g. surface water, vegetation, soil, land
usage, energy supply, and social economy. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor in the
design, construction and operation period of the project so as to appraise the real
influence of project implementation on the environment, grasp the dynamics of adverse
effects and the degree of influence, and provide basis for each phase of the environmental
supervision, countermeasure research and environmental management.
The environmental monitoring station of the city and county or provincial agricultural
environmental protection monitoring station at the location of the project county, unit
responsible for the project and entrusted unit shall undertake the task of monitoring.
Monitoring and analyzing methods should adopt Environmental Monitoring Technical
Specifications issued by The State Environmental Protection Administration and
monitoring analysis method of the corresponding projects in classification of monitoring
technique, conducting the national method confirmed by EIA.
The environmental impact during the construction includes noise, dust, waste and water
pollution. During the project construction period, livelihood wastewater is used for
fertilizer on farmland after handled with the septic tank of surrounding houses, while the
production wastewater is recycled after precipitation and oil separation; Because the
influence during the construction period is short, and environmental pollution problems
can be avoided after strengthening construction management, the pollution factors
involved e.g. TSP (Total Suspended Particulates), SS (Suspended Solids), petroleum and
noise etc. Which all adopt visual or sensual inspection. The environmental supervision
and monitoring work during construction period is carried out by environmental
supervision department according to he environmental impact and mitigation measures.
Therefore, the monitoring key of the project is in the operation period. The projects are
mainly related to agriculture planting projects, agricultural products processing projects
and breeding projects. The environment monitoring scope of the project covers all the
198
villages and towns involved in the five towns of the project area. specific environmental
monitoring plan (indicators, cycle, monitoring frequency, monitoring methods,
monitoring unit) refer to Table 8.3-1.
Project department should also arrange personnel who have received environmental
monitoring training for the random environmental monitoring in order to find problems
and solve them in time. Contents of daily monitoring include: make noise monitoring
with portable noise instrument at the site of the project and around sensitive spots;
Through visual observation, make inspection of the adverse environmental impact
generated by the project, e.g. a wide range of soil and water loss etc.
The county project department is responsible for the daily supervision and inspection of
the implementation of environmental measures, the formation and developing conditions
of training, and the environmental monitoring data and conclusions etc., regularly
reporting to the provincial project department after summarizing; Provincial project
department prepares the execution progress report of general environmental management
plan, regularly reporting to the central office and finally reporting to the World Bank.
199
Table 8.3-1 Environmental Monitoring Plan of Guizhou Subitem
Monitoring
program Monitoring index
Monitoring
frequency Monitoring points
Monitoring unit
Responsible
department
Soil erosion
monitoring
Soil erosion modulus,
runoff volume
The first year,
third and sixth
year after
project
implementation,
once a year
A monitoring point is respectively set
up at planting project distribution
villages of Chishui, Dafang, Zhijin;
City agricultural
environment
monitoring
station, soil and
water loss
monitoring
station
Province, city
center for
poverty
alleviation
Water
environment
monitoring
project
pH value, dissolved
oxygen, CODCr
(chemical oxygen
demand), BOD5 (five
days' biochemical
oxygen
demand) ,NH3-N
(ammonia nitrogen),
total coliform bacteria,
SS (suspended solids).
The first year,
third and sixth
year after
project
implementation,
once a year.
A monitoring point is respectively set
up at sewage outfall of the breeding
aquatics villages in Chishui and
Tongzi
City agricultural
environment
monitoring
station
Province, city
center for
poverty
alleviation
Human and
animal
drinking
water
Chromaticity,
dissolved oxygen,
CODCr (chemical
oxygen demand),
BOD5 (five days'
biochemical oxygen
demand), NH3-N
The first year,
third and sixth
year after
project
implementation,
once a year
A monitoring point is respectively set
up at the project implementation
counties of Xishui and Tongzi with
new drinking water for people and
livestock
City and county
agricultural
environment
monitoring
station, city and
county sanitation
epidemic
Province, city
center for
poverty
alleviation
200
(ammonia nitrogen),
total coliform bacteria,
smell and taste, pH
value, total hardness,
nitrate, total number of
bacteria.
prevention
station.
Underground
water
Chromaticity,
turbidity, smell and
taste, pH value, total
hardness, nitrate, total
number of bacteria,
total coliform group.
The first year,
third and sixth
year after
project
implementation,
once a year.
A monitoring point is respectively set
up at the upstream and downstream of
underwater in breeding sites of
Chishui, Xishui, Tongzi
City agricultural
environment
monitoring
station, city
sanitation
epidemic
prevention
station.
Province, city
center for
poverty
alleviation
201
8.4 Environmental Protection Training Plan
8.4.1 Environmental Protection Training Purpose
Training about environmental management knowledge and skills is carried out among the
project management personnel at all levels and farmers within the scope of project
implementation so as to reach the following aims:
(1) Make all levels of project management personnel fully understand and master the
laws and regulations of the central and local governments, positive and negative
environmental impact of project implementation, environmental management plans and
measures and relative operation technology so that they can seriously and correctly
perform in the project implementation.
(2) Through environmental protection training, farmers and construction personnel
involved in the project can have a clear understanding of environmental protection laws,
regulations, and environmental protection requirements related to the project construction,
and their environmental consciousness can be largely improved, being able to distinguish
between correct and incorrect environment behaviors and consciously abide by the
environmental ethics.
According to the training object, environmental protection training is divided into three
levels, which are project management personnel at all levels (including provincial, county,
town project management personnel), technical staff level (including Construction
technician, engineering supervisor, agricultural technicians), farmers and workers.
8.4.2 Environmental training programs
Environmental training will be focused on the beginning of the project, and generally will
not be carried out separately or together with other activities, so as to ensure that all the
participants can fully understand their responsibility in carrying out the activities related
to the environment and better understand the cause of the execution of environment
management monitoring plan, and the effect of the plan to the project and its long-term
economic and health.
202
Training that improves environmental awareness should include project management
personnel of project department and farmers participated in the project to make them
better understand the environmental impact assessment, environmental management
monitoring program and how positive impact is generated during their implementation of
project. Training programs are shown in Table 8.4-1.
203
Table 8.4-1 Environmental Protection Personnel Training Plan
Object Training content Number (people) Time(day)
Cost
(10,000
Yuan)
Personnel in
charge,
management
personnel and
technicians of
city and county
poverty
alleviation
office
The World Bank and the Chinese government’s understanding and
application about environmental laws, regulations, standards and
specifications involved in the project.
5 people / county,
25 in total 5 4.0
Environmental management and environmental mitigation measures
include positive and negative influences of project implementation,
environmental protection regulations, the organization, implementation
and supervision of environmental management.
The principles, plans and implementation of overall management plan
of plant diseases and insect pests, volume and methods of pesticides
usage.
The environmental monitoring plan and implementation include setup
of monitoring points, choice of monitoring factor, and determination of
monitoring frequency.
Personnel in
charge,
management
personnel and
technicians of
village poverty
alleviation
office
Environmental management and protection procedures include positive
and negative benefits of project implementation, environmental impacts
and environmental mitigation measures.
2 people/village ,
60 in total 4 4.0
Comprehensive management plan and implementation of plant diseases
and insect pests.
The environmental monitoring plan and implementation include setup
of monitoring points, choice of monitoring factor, and determination of
monitoring frequency.
204
Personnel in
charge,
management
personnel and
technicians of
project
implementation
village poverty
alleviation
office
Environmental management and protection procedures include positive
and negative benefits of project implementation, environmental impacts
and environmental mitigation measures.
2 people/village,
196 in total 4 12.0
Comprehensive management and implementation of plant diseases and
insect pests.
The environmental monitoring plan and implementation include setup
of monitoring points, choice of monitoring factor, and determination of
monitoring frequency.
Housing design and controlling plan for livestock and poultry breeding
pollution.
Well-bred breeding techniques, fertilizer management plan.
The preparation of environmental management work report,
environmental supervision work report and environmental monitoring
report etc.
Contractors
and
environmental
members and
team leader on
the
construction
site
Mitigation measures during construction period, combining with job
training on environmental protection and safety in environmental
management plan.
2
people/construction
phase
2-3 days
5
Simple monitoring method and controlling measures e.g. noise during
the construction noise (self-testing).
2
people/construction
phase
2-3 days
Supervision
engineer
Measures and requirements related to environmental management plan:
construction- related environmental protection regulations, construction
planning and supervision rules.
1-2
people/construction
phase
2-3 days
Ambient air monitoring and controlling technology, noise monitoring 2 2-3 days
205
and control technology. people/construction
phase
The landlord
unit/running
unit and their
environmental
management
personnel.
All the contents above, run-time measures environmental management
plan, as well as operation and maintenance of environmental protection
facilities.
50 people (original
estimate) 2-3 days 2
Self-employed
farmers.
Environment management plan and environmental protection measures
of retail planting and breeding.
300 people
(original estimate) 7 days 8
Total / / 35
206
8.5 Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Management Plan
Starting from farmland ecosystem, integrated control of plant diseases and pests is
prevention-oriented, takes various measures of agriculture, biology, chemistry and
physics etc., and strategies and measures to prevent the harmful organisms e.g.
disease, insect, grass and mouse etc. It is required to control the harmful biotic
population under the economic injury level in a safe, effective and economic way to
minimize the impact on the environment and maintain the virtuous circle and
sustainable development of farmland ecosystem.
With prevention as the priority and agricultural and physical control as the basis, in
the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, it is better to advocate
the biological control, select the appropriate disease-resistant and insect-resistant
varieties, and choose moths traps, solar insecticidal lamp, aphid yellow plate, lure
prey on mite and biological pesticide etc. to do a good job of prevention and forecast.
The plant diseases and pests in the project management plan is shown in the attached
file of separate edition of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Management Plan.
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9. Conclusions and suggestions
To sum up, the establishment of this project is in accordance with the national
industrial policies, meeting the local urban planning, overall planning and other
development plans via the environmental impact analysis for the pilot project of
industrial poverty alleviation in the poverty areas of Guizhou province. It also
conforms to the local environmental functional district planning. The impact on
surrounding environment before and after the project implementation is controlled
within the scope of sustainable development and it affects little on local environment.
The implementation of project will propel the development of regional economy and
social culture in the poverty areas, improve the living conditions of poor villages, and
speed up the process of poverty alleviation and development as well as the paces of
construction of new socialist countryside in Guizhou province. Therefore, regarding
to the impacts of environmental protection, it is feasible that the pilot project of
industrial poverty alleviation in the poverty areas of Guizhou province is carried out,
suggested by the environmental impact assessment (EIA).