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OVERVIEW
OF
INDIAN POWER SECTOR
BY:-HIMANSHU VERMA(29)ABHISHEK KUMAR(02)
AMIT ANTIL(05)
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CONTENT
1. Electricity in consititution of india
2. Present senario of indian power sector
3. 10 th plan overview
4. 11 th plan
5. 12 th plan
6. Current news of power sector
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ELECTRICITY IN CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
Entry 38 the list III containsELECTRICITY .
There by it is thejoint responsibilityOf union as well asthe state government tolegislate on the matterConcerning electricity andalliedmatters of power industry .
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However by virtue of part XI of the constitution in caseof overlapping of the law enacted by state and unionlegislature the union legislation shall prevail.
The state law shall be inoperative only to the extentof inconsistency with the union law
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PRESENT POWER SCENARIO OF INDIAN POWERSECTOR
Total Installed capacity
SECTOR MW %AGE
STATE SECTOR 82,026.05 52.5
CENTRAL SECTOR 51,867.63 34.0
PRIVATE SECTOR 33,183.68 13.5
TOTAL 1,67,077.36
As on 30-11-2010Source:CEA
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PRESENT POWER SCENARIO OF INDIAN POWERSECTOR
As on 30-11-2010Source:CEA
52.534
13.5
GENERATION
STATE SECTOR
CENTRAL SECTOR
PRIVATE SECTOR
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FU EL MW %AGE
THERMAL 108362.98 64.6
coal 89,778.38 53.3
gas 17,384.85 10.5
oil 1,199.75 0.9
HYDRO(RENEWABLE) 37,367.40 24.7
NUCLEAR 4560 2.9
RES** (MNRE) 16786.98 7.7TOTAL 167077.36
PRESENT POWER SCENARIO OF INDIAN POWERSECTOR
** Renewable Energy Sources(RES) include SHP, BG, BP, U&I and Wind EnergySHP= Small Hydro Project ,BG= Biomass Gasifier ,BP= Biomass Power,
U & I=Urban & Industrial Waste Power. As on 30-11-2010Source:CEA
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THERMAL, 64.6
HYDRO, 24.7
NUCLEAR, 3
RES**(MNRE), 7.7
PRESENT POWER SCENARIO OF INDIAN POWERSECTOR
As on 30-11-2010Source:CEA
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10 th PLAN REVIEW
DEMAND PROJECTION
AND
GENERATION PLANNING
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During the 10 th plan by planning commission the targetwas the addition of another 41,110 MW to power industry.
And,41,110 MW comprising of :-
14,393 MW hydro
25,417 MW thermal
1,300 MW nuclear was fixed for the 10 th Plan
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TOTAL41,110MW
HYDRO14,393MW
THERMAL25,417MW
NUCLEAR1300MW
TARGET DURING THE 10TH PLAN
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The sector wise, type wise summary of this capacity addition
target is given in Table below.
SECTOR HYDRO THERMAL NU CLEAR TOTAL(%)
CENTRAL 8,742MW 12,790MW 1,300MW 22,832MW(55.5%)
STATE 4,481MW 6,676MW 0MW 11,157MW(27.2%)
PRIVATE 1,170MW 5,951MW 0MW 7,121MW(17.3%)
TOTAL 14,393MW 25,417MW 1,300MW 41,110MW(100%)
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ACTUAL CAPACITY ADDITION TILL(31/12/2006)
A capacity addition of 17,995 MW has been achieved during10th Plan till 31/12/06.
The total installed capacity as on 31/12/2006 was 1,27,753 MWComprising of:-
33,642 MW hydro
84,020 MW thermal including gas & diesel ,
3,900 MW nuclear power plants
And 6,191 MW from renewable energy sources including wind.
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ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION DURING 10TH PLAN
The year-wise actual power supply position during 2002-03,2003-04, 2004-05 ,2005-06 and 2006-07(till Dec-06) of 10thplan is given in Table below
YEAR PEAK
REQ U IREMENT(MW)
AVAILABILIY(MW)
SHORTAGE(MW)
2002-2003 81492 71547 9945 (12.2%)
2003-2004 84574 75066 9508 (11.2%)2004-2005 87906 77652 10254 (11.7%)
2005-2006 93255 81792 11463 (12.3%)
2006-2007(TILL 31/12/2007)
100466 86425 14041 (14.0%)
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9945
9508
10254
11463
14041
SHORTAGE DU RING 10TH PLAN
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
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REASONS OF SLIPPAGE
S.NO MAJOR REASONS O F SLIPPAGE CAPACITYSLIPPED(MW)
THERMAL HYDRO1. Delay in super critical technology tie up by
BHEL3,960 -
2. Geological Surprises - 510
3. Natural Calamities - 450
4. Delay in award of works 998 823
5. Delay in MoE&F clearance 400
6. Investment decision/ Funds tie upconstraints/ delay in financial closure
1500 1400
7. Delay in Preparation of DPR & signing of MOU with state govt.
400
8. ESCROW cover (Private Sector) 500
9. R&R issues 400
10. Court Cases 675
11. Law & Order problem 500
Total 7458 5058
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11 th PLAN
CAPACITY ADDITION
DURING
11 TH PLAN(2007-2012)
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APPROACH TO SELECTION OF PROJECTS FOR 11TH PLAN
Planning for capacity addition during 11th Plan, cautiousapproach have been adopted while choosing projects forcommissioning in the 11thplan .
It has been the endeavour to include only such projects as havehigh degree of certainty of implementation during 11 th Plan.
The approach adopted for selection of Hydro, Thermal andNuclear projects have been as follows:
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HYDRO
execution of hydro projects requires thorough Survey andInvestigation, preparation of DPR, development of infrastructure, EIA and other preparatory works, which are time
consuming and require two to three years for their preparation
It would take about 5 years to execute a hydro projectafter the work is awarded for construction.
Thus in order to achieve completion of a hydro project during 11 th
plan, the project should either be already under constructionor execution should start at the beginning of the plan .
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The broad criteria adopted for selection of hydro projects for 11 th
plan are as under :
Those hydro projects whose concurrence has been issued by CEA andorder for main civil works is likely to be placed by March 2007.
Apart from the above, a few hydro projects of smaller capacity whichare ROR type having surface power houses and where gestation periodis expected to be less than 5 years have also been included.These projects would need to be rigorously followed up for completion
during the 11 th Plan.
Keeping in view the preparedness of various hydro projects, acapacity addition of 15, 585 MW is envisaged for 11 th Plan.
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NUCLEAR
Keeping in view the availability of fuel, a moderate capacityaddition of 3,160 MW nuclear plants has been programmedduring the 11 th Plan by the Nuclear Power Corporation.
RENEWABLE
A capacity of 13,500 MW has been planned under renewable asper information given by MNRE.
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CAPACITY ADDITION DURING 11TH
PLAN (2007-12)
Based on the preparedness of the projects, it was envisagedthat a capacity of about 68,869 MW is feasible for additionduring 11 th plan period. The sector wise break-up of feasiblecapacity addition during 11 th plan is given in Table below :
SECTOR HYDRO
TOTALTHERMAL
THERMAL BREAKU P NU CLEAR TOTAL(%)
COAL LIGNITE GAS/LNG
CENTRAL 9685 23810 22060 1000 750 3160 36655(53.2%)
STATE 2637 20352 19365 375 612 - 22989(33.4%)
PRIVATE 3263 5962 5210 0 752 - 9225(13.4%)
ALLINDIA
15885 50124 46635 1375 2114 3160 68869(100%)
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53.233.4
13.4
GENERATION
E T L
ST TE
P IV TE
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FUEL REQUIREMENT
FU EL REQ U IREMENT
Coal 545 MT
Lignite 33 MT
Gas/LNG 89 MMSCMD
From domestic sources, total coal availability is expected to be 482 MTper annum by 2011-12.
. At present, the availability of gas is of the order of 40 MMSCMDand therefore not sufficient to meet the requirement of even existingplants.
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COAL LINKAGES
The Linkages of coal demand is primarily donewith the objective of planning of coal supplies,keeping in view indigenous coal resources aswell as the need to supply fuel of appropriatequality to the consumers and at the same time
making the most economic use of theavailable capacity for production and of coal.
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LONG-TERM COAL LINKAGES
During the year 2008-09, three meetings of Standing Linkage Committee (Long-term) wereheld. The Committee recommended issue of Letter of Assurance (LoA) by CIL/SCCL tovarious consumers, subject to furnishing of appropriate commitment guarantees.-
NAME OF SECTOR NO. OF LOA APPROVED CAPABILITY APPROVED
POWER UTILITIES 8 4460 MW
CAPTIVE POWER PLANTSINCLUDING CEMENT CPP S
28 944 MW
INDEPENDENT POWERPRODUCER 35 24915 MW
TOTAL 71 30319 MW
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BALANCE OF PLANTS.Balance of Plants were identified as critical items for timely commissioning of Thermal Power Projects
It was observed that a number of Thermal units weregetting delayed due to delay in commissioning of balance of plants such as coal handling plants, Ashhandling plants, cooling tower etc.
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BALANCE OF PLANTS
The requirement of BoPs in 11th Plan is
about 80 chimneys, 80 Fuel Oilsystems, 80 Coal Handling Systems, 80Ash Handling Systems, 160 CoolingTowers, and 70 DM Plants.
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MANUFACTURING
CAPABILITIESThe established capacity for manufacturers of various kinds of Boilers, Turbines and MainEquipment is around 6000-7000 MW per annum inthe country, which is largely dominated by the CPSUGiant, BHEL CO.
Now many private players are entering in this fieldseeing the fast growth of this sector. Some of theseprivate players are Alstom, ABB, GE, L&T and someChinese companies (China Light & Power etc.).
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ULTRA MEGA POWER PLANT
Ministry of Power in the year 2006 has launched an initiative of development of coal based ultra mega projects with a capacityof 4,000 MW each on tariff based competitive bidding.
Ultra Mega Power projects are either pit head based projectshaving captive mine block or coastal projects based on imported
coal.
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UMPP
UMPP S AWARDED
SASAN (MP)TILAIYYA ( JHARKHAND)KRISHNAPATNAM (ANDHRA PRADESH)MUNDRA (GUJRAT)
According to the bids submitted by these developers only one unitof 660 MW is expected to be commissioned during the 11 th Planand the remaining unit during 12 th Plan.
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11 TH PLAN TRANSMISSION PLANNING INCLUDING NATIONAL GRID
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TRANSMISSION PLANNING INCLUDING NATIONAL GRID
The generation resources in the country are unevenly located,the hydro in the northern and north-eastern states and coalbeing mainly in the eastern part of the country.
Formation of a strong National Power Grid has been recognized
as a flagship endeavour to steer the development of PowerSystem on planned path leading to cost effective fulfilment of the objective of Electricity to All at affordable prices.
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The program is to achieve inter-regional capacity of 15750 MWby the end of 10 th Plan and about 37,150 MW by the end of 11 th Plan.
Transmission systems within the regions to support the aboveinter-regional transmission capacity has been also planned.
The plan for National Power Grid and the schemes havebeen identified.
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FUND REQUIREMENT FOR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
Total Fund requirement for transmission system developmentand related Schemes has been estimated as following:
Rs CRORES
INTER STATE SYSTEM 75000
INTRA STATE SYSTEM 65000
TOTAL 140000
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TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
New technologies would need to be adopted and implementedin a proactive manner to achieve the objective of optimumutilization of the available transmission assets as well asconservation of Right-of-Way, reducing transmission costs,reduction of losses etc.
Some of the new technologies adopted/being adopted in
its transmission system include :
High capacity 6000MW +800kV HVDC system
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Application of Series Compensation
Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS )
Upgradation/Uprating of transmission line
High temperature endurance conductor
Tall/Multi-circuit & Compact tower
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HVDCHIGH VOLTAGE DC TRANSMISSION
A high-voltage , d irect current (HVDC) electric powertransmission system uses direct current for the bulktransmission of electrical power.
HVDC systems may be less expensive and suffer lower electricallosses. For shorter distances, the higher cost of DC conversion
equipment compared to an AC system
HVDC, are used generally for long and bulk power transmissionabove 800km.
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HVDC LINES IN INDIA
At present the 3 lines are in operation while, another 3 areunder progress.And these are following
1)Chandrapur to padghe (mumbai)--(1500 MW at 500 kV DC)
2)Rihand to delhi (dadri) (1500 MW at 500 kV DC)
3)Talchar to kolar (2500 MW)
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HVDC LINES WHICH ARE UNDER PROGESS
The following are the lines which are under progress:-
Ballia to Bhiwadi(2500 MW)-first pole charged as of 31stMarch 2010
Mundra-Mohindergarh(Adani group-first Indian private
HVDC)-in progress,completion by 2011 end.
Bishwanath/Chariali to Agra(6000 MW)-recently awarded toABB-BHEL
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ADVANTAGE OF HVDC LINES
Lesser number of conductors and insulators and thereforereduce conductor and insulator cost
Power transmission and stabilization between unsynchronisedAC distribution systems
Less corona loss and reduced radio and telephonic interference.
Power loss are also reduced with DC as there are two conductorfor a biploar HVDC line
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DISTRIBUTION INCLUDING VILLAGE AND HOUSEHOLDELECTRIFICATION IN 10TH PLAN
In the 10th plan the emphasis was on steps to reduce the hugeaggregate technical and commercial (AT&C)losses, control the
theft & pilferage and rationalise the tariff structures.
Investment was also made in the distribution sector and acrossthe states reforms were taken up. Major schemes likeAccelerate d Power Development & Reform Program for urba
areas and the Rajiv Gan dhi Grameen Vidy utikaran Yojana wasalso initiated in the 10th plan which aimed at bringing ininvestment in urban areas and creating an electricityinfrastructure in rural areas.
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DISTRIBUTION INCLUDING VILLAGE AND HOUSEHOLDELECTRIFICATION IN 11TH PLAN
During the 11 th plan also the major objective in the distributionis also to reduce the AT&C losses and to continue with the
reforms in the distribution sector to provide an affordablegood quality and reliable power supply to the citizen of India,be it in urban or rural areas.
The distribution of power can be studied in two distinct
components viz. ,(i) Distribution of power in urban areas, and
(ii) Distribution of power in rural areas.
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DISRTIBUTION OF POWER IN URBAN AREAS
It is felt that APDRP needs to be continued in 11th plan withrevised terms and conditions.
The focus of the programme should be on establishment of base line data, which shall enable reduction of AT&C losses inmajor towns of the country through strengthening ,upgradationof sub-transmission and distribution network and adoption of
Information Technology in the areas of energy accounting &auditing and improvement in consumer services throughestablishment of Bijlee Sewa Kendras.
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SUMMARY OF 12TH PLAN
The upcoming plan by planning commission is 12 th plan that willHave the Implementation period from 2012 to 2017.
The capacity addition during this plan will be 1,00,000 MW
Private Sector is going to be the key to India s Power GenerationStory in 12th plan. There will be more projects coming upin private sector than in central and state sectorscombined together.
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Out of 1,00,000MW capacity in 12 th plan,60% of which is
excepted to add by private players .
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REQUIREMENT OF
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
FOR 12TH PLAN
Expecte d Tran smi ss ion Requirement 2012 -17
xpec e ran sm ss on equ remen n a
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p q
+/-800 kV HVDC Bipole Projects, 6000MW 2 to 3
+/-600 kV HVDC Bipole Projects, 4000MW 1
HVDC Bipole +/-800 kV ckm 4000
HVDC Bipole +/-600 kV ckm 1000
765/400 kV substation nos 40 to 50
765 kV Transmission Lines ckm 25,000 to 30,000
765/400 kV MVA 1,10,000
400 kV Transmission Line ckm ( 40% quad, 60% TM) 50,000
400/220 kV , 400/132 kV (MVA) 80,000
220 kV Transmission Line ckm 40,000
220/132, 220/110 95,000
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SOME IMPORTANT CURRENT AFFAIRS
XIth Plan power addition target may be revised downward again
Law and order issues, technical glitches and equipment supplydelays may force the government to scale down the powergeneration capacity addition target for the XIth Five-Year Planonce again to 55,000 MW from 62,000 MW earlier.
"As far as main plant equipment (boilers, turbines andgenerators) is concerned... there is no problem, but for thebalance of plant equipment, i.e for coal-handling, ash-handlingplants, they take time .
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At the start of the XIth Five-Year Plan Period (2007-12), thegovernment had set a target for adding 78,577 MW of power.However, this was later revised downward to 62,000 MW bythe Planning Commission
so far only been able to add over 23,000 MW of electricityduring the XIth Plan
Thermax to set up 1st-ever geothermal power plant inMaharashtra
Energy and environment solutions provider, Thermax, hasbagged the contract for setting up the first-ever geothermalpower plant in the country in Maharashtra, a state governmentofficial said. A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) betweenthe Maharashtra Energy Development Authority (MEDA) andThermax is likely to be signed shortly in this regard
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