THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK IN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
OBJECTIVE
S: To learn different theoretical
framework like Piaget’s Theory, Behaviorism Theory, Contracts, Consequences, Reinforcement and Extinction
To distinguish the difference of positive and negative reward and punishment
I. PIAGET’S OF COGNITIVE Development
* STAGES OF COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
Sensorimotor (birth- 2
years)
Preoperational (2-7 years)
Concrete Operational (7-11
years)
Formal Operational
(Adolescence/ Adulthood)
* SENSORIMOTOR
STAGE
Begins at birth and last until
18 months – 2 yearsat age.
This stage involves the use of
motor activity without the use
of symbols.
Knowledge is limited in this
stage.
Object performance.
*PREOPERATIONAL
STAGE
During the period between
2 years-7 years .
Begin to use language.
Memory and Imagination.
*CONCRETE
OPERATIONAL STAGE
7- 11 years
Thinking becomes less egocentric.
Intellectual development is demonstrated through the use of logical and systematic manipulation of symbols
FORMAL
OPERATIONAL
Adolescence- Adulthood.
Use symbols related to abstract
concepts.
Think about multiple variables in
systematic ways, can formulate
hypotheses and think about
abstract relationships and
concepts
*CRITICISMS OF
PIAGET’S THEORY
Piaget under estimated children’s
ability.
Thinking within a particular stage
would be similar across tasks.
Efforts to teach children
developmentally advanced
concepts would be unsuccessful.
II. BEHAVIORISM THEORY
* WHAT IS
BEHAVIORISM?
Behaviorism is primarily
concerned with observable
and measurable aspects of
human behavior.
*BEHAVIORISM
ADVOCATES
John Watson B.F. Skinner
III. CONTRACTS , CONSEQUENCES,
REINFORCEMENT AND EXTINCTION
Simple contracts can be
effective in helping children
focus on behavior change.
Consequences occur
immediately after a behavior.
Positive reinforcement is a
presentation of a stimulus that
increases the probability of a
response.
Negative reinforcement
increases the probability of a
response that removes or
prevents an adverse condition.
Punishment involves presenting
a strong stimulus that decreases
the frequency of a particular
response.
Extinction decreases the
probability of a response by
continent withdrawal of previously
reinforced stimulus.