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Page 1: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Napoleon pages 59-60

Page 2: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Napoleon Bonaparte

(1799-1814/15)

Page 3: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Biography• August 15th, 1769.

• May 5th, 1821.

• Emperor of France (1804-1815).

• Napoleonic wars.

Page 4: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

• To establish a strong government.

• The solution: an empire.

• T h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f p o w e r (absolutism).

• Ironic, he was a “Jacobin”, an extremist republican.

Page 5: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

• Napoleon had a huge power, controling almost every single country in Europe.

• But he faced two oppositions:

• Russia.

• Spain.

Page 6: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

The Empire1811

Page 7: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Historical battles by Napoleon

Page 8: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Battle of Austerlitz

Page 9: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Battle of Waterloo

Page 10: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Battle of Leipzig

600,000 men

Page 11: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Two different periods under Napoleon

Page 12: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

• The Consulate (1799-1804).

• The Empire (1804-1814).

Page 13: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

The Consulate

Page 14: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

• The government between the Directory and the Empire.

• Napoleon = main government.

• More conservative.

• More authoritarian.

• More autocratic.

• Centralized republic.

• Approval of the bourgeoisie.

Page 15: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 16: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

The Empire

Page 17: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 18: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

• Authority concentration.

• Absolutism.

• Dream: creating a European Empire.

Page 19: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon I and Coronation of the Empress Josephine

Page 20: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 21: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Jacques-Louis David

• Official painter of Napoleon.

• The crowning: Notre-Dame (Paris), a link to the Revolution.

• The date: December 2nd, 1804.

Page 22: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 23: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Considerations as Emperor

• Tyrant, absolutist, pretending to be a liberal.

• But spreading ideas across Europe, export the French Revolution ideas (opposite to absolutist regimes).

• So, he saw himself as an enlighted despot.

• He considered to be ending the Ancien Regime.

Page 24: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Despot

• Greek: “master”, “the one with power”. • Egypt: to describe the unlimited power

of the pharaons. • Byzantine Empire: member of the

nobility. • History: tyrant, autokrator. • “God complex”.

Page 25: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

His goal

• Apply and develope the ideas of the French Revolution.

• Export these ideas to the countries that he conquered.

Page 26: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 27: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Art & War

Page 28: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

The May 3rd, 1808 in Madrid (Francisco Goya, 1814)

Page 29: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Los fusilamientos del tres de mayo

• Conmemoration of the resistance of the Spaniards against the Army of Napoleon in 1808.

• Image of the horror of the war.

Page 30: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

May 2nd, 1808 (Francisco de Goya, 1814)

Page 31: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

The Charge of the Mamelukes

• The uprising against Napoleon’s Army in Puerta de Alcalá, close to Puerta del Sol.

• Mamelukes: French Imperial Guard.

• Origins: 1702 in the Ottoman Empire.

• Hate against the moors, the spark.

Page 32: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Roustam Raza (Napoleon’s personal bodyguard)

Page 33: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 34: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 35: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 36: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Massacre in Korea (Pablo Picasso, 1951)

Criticism against the U.S. intervention in Korea

Page 37: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937)

Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians

Page 38: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 39: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 40: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya (1810-1812)

Page 41: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

No se puede mirar (One cannot look at this) Francisco Goya (1810-1812)

Page 42: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 43: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

The French Revolution &

Napoleon, in Spain Page 61

Page 44: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

The French Revolution in Spain

Page 45: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

• 1793-1795: War of the Convention (War of the Pyrenees).

• France invaded the Basque Country & Catalonia.

• Goal: propagate the revolution.

Page 46: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

• After the War: Spain and France signed an alliance to fight against United Kingdom.

• In 1805, Napoleon used this alliance, but France lost against the UK in the Battle of Trafalgar.

Page 47: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Battle of Trafalgar (1805)

Page 48: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 49: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 50: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Vice-Admiral Lord Nelson

Page 51: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Napoleon in Spain

Page 52: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

• 1808-1813: War of Independence.

• Spain conquered in the way to Portugal.

• The goal was America.

• “Guerrilla” fighting against the occupation., coordinated by a “Junta General”, well-known anti-French dignitaries.

• Help of the English allies.

Page 53: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Consequence

• The “Cortes” in Cadiz, the anti-revolutionary convoked parliament (1812).

• The Constitution of Cadiz, a liberal system of government without the French.

Page 54: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

• Declarar España como un E s t ado Nac ión l i b e r a l y monárquico, que conservara su tradición católica.

Page 55: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 56: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 57: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

The French dilema: Spain/Portugal/America

or Russia

Page 58: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

The new target: RUSSIA

Page 59: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

• In 1813, the French army left Spain heading towards Russia.

• The consequence for Spain:

• Ferdinand VII came back from the exile.

• He changed the Constitution (1812).

• Spain back to Ancien Regime.

Page 60: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Napoleon & Russia

Page 61: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Napoleon’s withdrawal from Russia

Page 62: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

The Night Bivouac of the Napoleon Army (1812)

Page 63: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

The hard winter defeated Napoleon’s

army

Page 64: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

The effects of the French Revolution on the Basque Country

Individually – to collect

Activity 52

Page 65: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Post-Napoleon.The organization of a new Europe

(1815-1830)

Page 66: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Napoleon: two important aspects

• He was an extraordinary man, with charisma and military genius. He made HISTORY.

• Spreading revolutionary ideas & institutions, he made impossible the restoration of the Ancien Regime.

Page 67: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

• Feudalism was dying.

• The church was gradually losing power.

• Concept of State connected to concept of Nation.

• Bourgeoisie = most powerful social class.

Page 68: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Napoleon defeated (1814)

• Two exiles:

• Elba (1814).

• “The Hundred Days”, back from the exile.

• Saint Helena (1815).

Page 69: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 70: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 71: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 72: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 73: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Saint Helena

Page 74: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

No possibility to return

Page 75: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

The Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)

Page 76: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Ambassadors at the

Congress of Vienna

GOAL Back to the Ancien Regime

Page 77: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

• But, the situation was different.

• The world was different.

Page 78: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Ideas of the French and American Revolution

& the parliamentarysystem of Great Britainincluding Liberalism & Nationalism, driven by

the bougeoisie.

Absolutism, driven by the

absolutist monarchswho met in Vienna.

Two opposing ideologies

Page 79: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

• Four major powers in the victory against France:

• Austria, Prussia, Russia & Great Britain

• One intention: reversing the “Napoleon effect”.

The meeting

Page 80: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

Reversing the Napoleon’s effect

Page 81: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

• France back to pre-1789 boundaries.

• Restoration of legitimate monarchs.

• A balance of power to avoid “another Napoleon”.

• Intervention in internal conflict of a state if monarch is in danger.

• “There is always an alternative to conflict” = “congress” system to solve it.

Page 82: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya
Page 83: PR Napoleon 1213 - Travellin · 2019. 6. 21. · Gernika (Pablo Picasso, 1937) Criticism to the horror of bombing civilians. Y no hay remedio (And it can`t be helped) Francisco Goya

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