Pre-Injection Assessment of Time-Lapse Seismic Repeatability at the
Aquistore CO2 Storage Site
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Overview of the Aquistore CO2 storage site Data acquisition Time-lapse repeatability results
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CO2 Capture CO2 Injection
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Power Generation
Capture Plant
Surface-based
Regional 3D seismic survey
Geological characterization
Baseline & time-lapse (?)
Permanent seismic array
Time-lapse imaging
Electrical/electromagnetic
Gravity
Passive seismic (broadband & short period array)
InSAR
GPS
Tiltmeters
Groundwater & Soil gas monitoring
Plume
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Down-hole
Cross-well seismic & VSP
Cross-well & surface-to-downhole electrical monitoring
Real-time P & T
Passive seismic
Fluid sampling
Time-lapse logging
Distributed Acoustic/Temperature Sensors (DAS/DTS)
Heater cable
Gravity
Designed for: (1) project/plume monitoring; (2) public assurance; (3) research objectives
Deformation
Leakage
In Situ
Aquistore Project Timeline
Sep-11
Mar-12
Nov-12
Apr-13
Groundwater, Soil Gas,
Passive Seismic
Permanent & Baseline 3D
Seismic
Injection Well
Site/Funding Agreements
H2O Injection Test
Observation Well
Baseline VSP, Monitor II 3D
Seismic
Aug-12
Today
GPS, Tiltmeters
InSAR, Piezometers
Crosswell Seismic, Monitor I 3D
Seismic
Nov-13
Site characterization Baseline Surveys
CO2 Injection
2014
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Goals of permanent array:
improve repeatability
demonstrate sparse array imaging
provide passive monitoring capability
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Midale Beds Watrous “Red Beds”
Prairie Evaporite
Precambrian
Deadwood Formation
Colorado Shale
Depth: 3.4km
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630 geophones Covers ~5 km2
20m depth Rx lines 144m In-line 72m
260 shots Covers ~6 km2 1 kg Dynamite 15m depth Sx lines 288m In-line 144m
Baseline – March, 2012 Monitor I – April, 2013 Monitor 2 – Nov, 2013
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Baseline Monitor 1
Dataset Equalisation (Common source/receivers) Trace Editing Amplitude Scaling Surface Consistent Amplitude Balancing Bandpass Filtering Surface Consistent Deconvolution Bandpass Filtering Refraction Statics (Common velocity model) Surface Consistent Residual Statics NMO Correction (Common velocity model) CDP Stacking Explicit FD 3D post stack migration
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Raw Stack Migrated
Reservoir
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Baseline Monitor 1 Difference
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𝒏𝑹𝑴𝑺 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆: 𝟎 − 𝟐
Kragh and Khristie, 2002
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Cross-Equalised Raw Migrated
nRMS=0.09 nRMS=1.13 nRMS=0.13
Roach et al. 2015 Geophysics – in review White et al. 2015 Geophysics – in review
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Monitoring Activities: Lisa Roach (GSC), S. Samsonov (CCRS), M. Craymer (CCRS), B. Roberts (GSC), J. Henton (CCRS), M. Czarnogorska, J. Silliker (CCRS), Tom Daley (LBNL), Michelle Robertson (LBNL), Chevron
Management: Petroleum Technology Research Centre (Kyle Worth, Neil Wildgust, Aleana Young, Joseph Lazlo)
Operations: Sask Power, Schlumberger Carbon Services (Jared Lee Walker, Marcia Couëslan, Bob Will, Wade Zaluski)
Science & Engineering Research Committee: Rick Chalaturnyk (U Alberta), Chris Hawkes (U Sask), Ben Rostron (U Alberta), Jim Johnson (Schlumberger-Dole), Jim Sorensen (EERC), Don White (GSC)
Contractors: Western-Geco, RPS Boyd-PetroSearch, Geospace, Silixa, Sercel, Tesla
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Thank You
For Your Attention!