Pregnancy and Pregnancy and Early DevelopmentEarly Development
STEP ONE: FertilizationSTEP ONE: Fertilization Union of egg and Union of egg and
sperm cell to form sperm cell to form one cell one cell (zygote)(zygote) in in the female fallopian the female fallopian tube.tube.
Zygote travels to the Zygote travels to the female uterus. female uterus. During this time it During this time it begins dividing into begins dividing into multiple cells.multiple cells.
Step Two: Embryo Implants Step Two: Embryo Implants in the Uterusin the Uterus
From the time of From the time of fertilization through the fertilization through the first eight weeks of first eight weeks of development is called development is called an an EmbryoEmbryo
Implementation Implementation occurs occurs when the embryo travels when the embryo travels from the fallopian tube from the fallopian tube and embeds in the wall and embeds in the wall of the uterusof the uterus
Human Embryo 5-6 Weeks of Development
Placenta Supports the Placenta Supports the BabyBaby
The placenta supplies The placenta supplies nutrients, oxygen, and nutrients, oxygen, and removes waste from removes waste from the developing humanthe developing human
Umbilical Cord Umbilical Cord connects the connects the embryo/fetus to the embryo/fetus to the placentaplacenta
Stages of PregnancyStages of Pregnancy
1st Trimester Major growth and
change occur Heart starts beating Arm & leg buds appear Eyes & brain begin to
develop Bones & muscles
develop Brain waves detected
Fetus
Start of the 9th week until delivery
Begin to take on more human characteristics
2nd Trimester Months 4-6 Organ systems continue
to develop 4 months “kick” Male or female known Hear and recognize
sounds Hair forms Facial features Can survive premature at
this time
3rd Trimester
Months 7-9 Gains most of its
weight (approx. 5 pounds)
Can grasp with hands
Multiple Births
IDENTICAL TWINS One egg + One
sperm Divides after
fertilization to form 2 zygotes
Same genetic material = same sex
FRATERNAL TWINS Two eggs + Two
sperm Most common Usually separate
sexes
Keeping Healthy Before Keeping Healthy Before and During Pregnancyand During Pregnancy
Avoid alcohol and Avoid alcohol and other drugs during other drugs during pregnancy (caffeine pregnancy (caffeine and tobacco) and and tobacco) and exposure to cigarette exposure to cigarette smokesmoke
Maintain a nutritious Maintain a nutritious diet (450 calories)diet (450 calories)
Prenatal Vitamins Prenatal Vitamins provided by provided by healthcare providerhealthcare provider
ExerciseExercise
Have all medical Have all medical conditions evaluatedconditions evaluated
Problems During Problems During PregnancyPregnancy
Miscarriage-Miscarriage- death of fetus from natural death of fetus from natural complications prior to the 20complications prior to the 20thth week of week of pregnancypregnancy
Premature Birth- Premature Birth- Early BirthEarly Birth Ectopic Pregnancy- Ectopic Pregnancy- implementation of the implementation of the
fertilized egg in the fallopian tubefertilized egg in the fallopian tube Fetal Alcohol Syndrome- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome- set of birth defects set of birth defects
affecting a fetus and caused by exposure to affecting a fetus and caused by exposure to alcoholalcohol
Stages of ChildbirthStages of ChildbirthFetus drops to a lower position Fetus drops to a lower position one month prior to childbirthone month prior to childbirth
1.1. First Stage: First Stage: DilationDilation2.2. Second Stage: Second Stage: ExpulsionExpulsion3.3. Third Stage: Third Stage: PlacentalPlacental
Types of Childbirth:Types of Childbirth:1.1. NaturalNatural2.2. Cesarean Section (C Cesarean Section (C
Section)Section)