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INTRODUCTION
A crane is a lifting machine,
generally equipped with a
winder (also called a wire
rope drum), wire ropes or
chains and sheaves that can
be used both to lift and
lower materials and to
move them horizontally.
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HISTORY
Ancient Greece
The crane for lifting
heavy loads was
invented by the Ancient
Greeks in the late 6th
century BC.
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Ancient Rome
In the High Middle Ages,
harbour cranes were introduced
to load and unload ships and
assist with their construction
some were built into stone towers
for extra strength and stability.
The earliest cranes wereconstructed from wood, but cast
iron and steel took over with the
coming of the Industrial
Revolution.
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MECHANICAL PRINCIPLE
There are three major considerations in the design of
cranes-
1- The crane must be able to lift the weight of the load.
2- The crane must not topple.3- The crane must not rupture.
Lifting capacity
Stability
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Major Cranes Used In Construction
Mobile
Cranes
Fixed
Cranes
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MOBILE CRANES
Mobile cranes are mounted oneither wheels or crawlers and
usually do not require a specialpermanent foundation from which
to lift.
Mobile cranes can be furtherclassified by boom type and carrier
type. Booms are either conventionallattice truss boom or telescopic
boom. Virtually all telescopic boomcranes in use today use hydrauliccylinders to extend and retract the
boom.
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Crawler Crane
A 500-ton crawler-mounted
mobile crane (not the biggest)
may take several days to erect
on site and to travel to the lift
location. However, a 45-ton truck-
mounted telescopic boom crane
is ready when it arrives on site
and can execute many lifts that
same day.
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Main Parts of Crawler Crane
Upper works of a
Crane
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Carrier
Crawler Base
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Crawler Crane Reaction
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FIXED(Tower) CRANE
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Tower Crane Cabin
The average fee to rent a 150-
foot (46 m) crane is $60,000 for
assembly and disassembly and
an additional $15,000 per month.
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CRANE SAFETY AND SELECTION
Plan Drawing is required.
Never consider operation in TippingPortion.
calculated weight of load is approximate, a5 percent margin of error should be
considered.
U.S. Department of Labour booklet MobileCrane Inspection Guidelines for OSHACompliance Officer.
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The following devices provide aid to
crane operators:
Boom angle indicator.
Drum turning indicator.
Empty or overfill drum indicator.
Over hoisting indicator.
Over hoisting limiter.
Over booming limiter.
Load indicator device.
Load moment indicator.
Rated capacity limiter.
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Questions