Part 2Structuring your Presentation
PRESENTATION SKILLS
Overview
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Session 1
English Vs JapaneseUsing Power PointHandling Questions
Session 3
Analogy and MetaphorTechnical Vocabulary
Session 2
Structuring your PresentationChunking it Right
Body Language
Session 4
Presentation Practice
Review
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What is a Presentation?
1) Papers VS Presentations
2) Power Point Presentations VS Poster Presentations
3) English Presentations VS Japanese Presentation
The BasicsPower Point Basics: size
colourbackgroundsetc.
Structuring Your Presentation
Big Picture Introduction Conclusion
Details Main Body
The Basics
• Outlines• Slide Structure• Fonts• Colour• Background• Graphs• Spelling and Grammar• Conclusions• Questions
Types of Questions
• Basic to the understanding of the topic.– Must be answered!
• Difficult or long questions about the topic.– Give a quick answer (showing that you know the answer) then
offer to talk more after your presentation.
• “What if Questions” Unrelated questions or questions that ask you to guess about the future.
– Leave the question for later. – Remember to be polite.
Structuring your Presentation
Think about the way people learn
• A presentation is a teaching session!
• What do you want to teach?
• How could people learn what you want to teach?
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Think of your presentation as a 5 minute chance to teach your paper
• Introduction: -Self 10-20 Seconds-Academic 30-40 Seconds
• Main Body: -Point 1 1 minute-Point 2 1 minute-Point 3 1 minute
• Conclusion 1 minute
• Questions 5 minutes
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Know your Audience
What are the judges looking for?
• Content – New Ideas– Relevance
• Presentation– Pronunciation– Accuracy and Fluency– Body Language
• Slides– Format– Spelling and Grammar
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Introduction
• Keep it simple
• Warm up the audience
• Introduce yourself
• Outline your presentation
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Main Body
• Its up to you
• Sequencing-Later Today
• Chunking – Later Today
• Metaphor – Session #3
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Conclusions
• Keep it simple
• Make it memorable
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Questions
• Be respectful
• Show your knowledge
• Don’t take too long on any one question
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Chunking It Right
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Structuring Your presentation
Big Picture IntroductionConclusion
Details Main Body
Example topic
Big Picture
Details
• Life on Earth• Sensing• Cellular VS
Organism• Ion Channels• TRP Channels• TRP A1• Inflammatory
Mediators• NO, H2O2
Everyone
Biologists
Microbiologists
TRP Channel Specialists
TRP A1 Specialists
Level of Detail Target Audience
Examples for Chunking
• CO2 emissions from cows.• Shakespeare’s use of the third person in
Romeo and Juliet.• The cost of a bowl of rice at Kyoto University’s
café.• World peace• Making money• Finding a life partner
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Your Presentation Topics
• What is your big picture?• What information to you want to explain?• What conclusions can you make about the big
picture from your details?
Designing Your Presentation
• Introduction– What is the big picture? What is your research apart of?– Why is this research important
• Main Body– What details do people need to know?– What are your key points?– How did you find your results (method)
• Conclusion– How do your results/key points relate to the big picture?– What if something changed? (further research)
Example presentation (Ivory Ban)
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Bad
25
Key issues identified in conserving elephant populations
• Enfroceable Property Rights
• Biodiversity
• Externalities
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
26
The effectiveness of the ivory trade ban depends on the availability of substitutes, the enforcement of property
rights and the impact of anti-ivory campaigns
P ($)
Q
D1D2
q1q2
p2
p1
S (before ban)
S (poaching) P ($)
Q
D1D2
q1q2
p2
p1
S (before ban)
S (poaching)
Ban on ivory
Ban on rhino horn
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
Field, B. C., 2000, Natural Resource Economics, p.387
27
The ban on rhino horn was ineffective because substitutes were unavailable
P ($)
Q
D1D2
q1q2
p2
p1
S (before ban)
S (poaching)
P ($)
Q
D1D2
q1q2
p2
p1
S (before ban)
S (poaching)
Ban on Rhino Horn
Ban on ivory
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
Field, B. C., 2000, Natural Resource Economics, p.387
28
The transfer of property and management rights to farmers will internalize externalities and increase the
number of elephants.
P ($)
Q (Number of Elephants)
MDF
MCG
MSC = MCG + MDF
Q1Q20
MSC … Marginal Social Cost MCF … Marginal Cost of FarmerMCG … Marignal Cost of Government MSB … Marginal Social BenefitMDF … Marginal Damage to FarmerMBG … Marginal Benefit of Government
MBG
P1
P2
MSBMCG
MSC = MCG + MCF
Q3
P3
Q2
P2MDF = MCF
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
29
The optimal harvest rate will be chosen to secure profit maximization which will ensure a sustainable
elephant population
Effort
Tota
l rev
enue
and
cos
t ($)
TR
TC
EMSY
Grafton, R.Q, et al., 2004, The Economics of the Environment and Natural Resources, p.110
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
30
Currently management of elephant populations are nationalized and uncoordinated
Stiles, D., 2004.The ivory trade and elephant conservation.Environmental Conversation 31 (4): p. 309
“Elephant conservation and public welfare can be
better served by legal ivory trade than by a trade
ban, but until demand for ivory can be
restrained and various monitoring and regulation
measures are put into place it is premature for
CITES to permit ivory sales”
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Terms Conclusion
Good
Ivory trade ban and elephant conservation
byFrancis Bolstad
Environmental EconomicsAnd the Ivory trade ban
33
Agenda
• Background
• The Ban
• Key Economic Issues
• Conclusion
The elephant picture in the left corner is adapted from IFAW annual report fiscal year 2003
34
African and Asian elephants have different identifying features, as …
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
http://www.hedweb.com/ eleplone.htm
35
Elephant populations dropped by half between 1976 - 1989, this lead to listing on CITES
Appendix I thus prohibiting trade in elephant products.
African Elephant Asian Elephant
http://www.hedweb.com/ eleplone.htm http://www.cardamom.org/ images/elephant_large.jpg
http://www.cites.org
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
36
Ban opponents argue that the trade of elephant products will lead to increased funding for wildlife conservation and compensation for E-H conflict.
Trade of elephant products
Efficient Markets
Supply Price ↓ Poaching and Smuggling ↓
Income from sales ↑
WildlifeConservation ↑
Elephant – Human Conflict
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
37
Ban proponents argue that the trade of elephant products will endanger the wildlife conservation
efforts through fuelling demand.
Trade of elephant products
Demand ↑
Supply ↑
Elephant Population ↓
Poaching and Smuggling ↑
TourismRevenues ↓
Biodiversity ↓Funds for WildlifeConservation ↓
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
38
Anti-ivory campaigns have been effective in decreasing demand. However an illegal trade has
remained to meet intrinsic demand
- International authority as supervisor
- Intrinsic demand for ivory products still exists
- The ban pushes trade underground
+ Anti-ivory campaigns have been very successful, especially in the Western World
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
39
Key issues identified in conserving elephant populations
• Enfroceable Property Rights
• Biodiversity
• Externalities
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
40
The increased numbers of elephants under the ban has come at a high cost
- Increasing cost of enforcing anti-poaching laws and anti-ivory campaigns
- Decreasing revenue from ivory sales and hunting
• Continuing uncompensated damage to crops
+ Increase in overall elephant numbers
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
41
The effectiveness of the ivory trade ban depends on the availability of substitutes, the enforcement of property
rights and the impact of anti-ivory campaigns
P ($)
Q
D1D2
q1q2
p2
p1
S (before ban)
S (poaching) P ($)
Q
D1D2
q1q2
p2
p1
S (before ban)
S (poaching)
Ban on ivory
Ban on rhino horn
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
Field, B. C., 2000, Natural Resource Economics, p.387
42
The ban on rhino horn was ineffective because substitutes were unavailable
P ($)
Q
D1D2
q1q2
p2
p1
S (before ban)
S (poaching)
P ($)
Q
D1D2
q1q2
p2
p1
S (before ban)
S (poaching)
Ban on Rhino Horn
Ban on ivory
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
Field, B. C., 2000, Natural Resource Economics, p.387
43
The transfer of property and management rights to farmers will internalize externalities and increase the
number of elephants.
P ($)
Q (Number of Elephants)
MDF
MCG
MSC = MCG + MDF
Q1Q20
MSC … Marginal Social Cost MCF … Marginal Cost of FarmerMCG … Marignal Cost of Government MSB … Marginal Social BenefitMDF … Marginal Damage to FarmerMBG … Marginal Benefit of Government
MBG
P1
P2
MSBMCG
MSC = MCG + MCF
Q3
P3
Q2
P2MDF = MCF
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
44
The optimal harvest rate will be chosen to secure profit maximization which will ensure a sustainable
elephant population
Effort
Tota
l rev
enue
and
cos
t ($)
TR
TC
EMSY
Grafton, R.Q, et al., 2004, The Economics of the Environment and Natural Resources, p.110
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Issues Conclusion
45
Currently management of elephant populations are nationalized and uncoordinated
Stiles, D., 2004.The ivory trade and elephant conservation.Environmental Conversation 31 (4): p. 309
“Elephant conservation and public welfare can be
better served by legal ivory trade than by a trade
ban, but until demand for ivory can be
restrained and various monitoring and regulation
measures are put into place it is premature for
CITES to permit ivory sales”
Introduction The Ban Key Economic Terms Conclusion
46
Thank you for your attention
Questions ?
Body Language
The Dos and DON’Ts
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Body Language
DOs• Eye Contact
• Emphasize
• Smile !
• Move around
DON’Ts• Look down (Read)
• Cross your arms
• Touch your face
• Stand in front of the overhead
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