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Adelya Desi K.
Novia Nur R.
Rista Anggriani
TRANSCRIPTION IN
EUCARYOTES
Biology Cell & Molecular
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Central Dogma
duplication of DNA using DNAas the template
synthesis of RNA using DNA
as the template
synthesis of proteins using RNA
as the template
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Procaryotes VS Eucaryotes
Procaryotes
Eucaryotes
Unlike procaryotes, for the RNA to
be translated, it must move out of
the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
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General Transcription
InitiationThe RNA polymerase
attach to DNA promoter,
begin synthesis the
mRNA
ElongationElongated the mRNA by
RNA polymerase
TerminationRelease the RNA
polymerase from DNA
template, and the
product is mRNA
RNA polymerase
mRNA
DNA template
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Transcription in Eucaryotes
o In eucaryotes genes, there are only
monocistronic [one transcription product only
coding one expression]
oTranscription in eucaryotes occur within thenucleus under the direction of3 separate
forms of RNA polymerase.
RNA
Form
Product Location Gene
ClassI rRNA Nucleous I
II mRNA Nucleoplasm II
III 5S rRNA & tRNA Nucleoplasm III
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Transcription in Eucaryotes
In the class I gene, the product is rRNAthis gene only transcript, and not to be translate,
because the product expression needed is the
rRNA.
in the class II gene, its include all genes which
coding many kinds of protein. The product of this
transcription is mRNA. the promoter in this gene
included by 4 element, there are initiator
sequence, downstream, TATA box, and upstream.
In the class III gene, its coding the tRNA, 5S
rRNA, and some little RNA molecules in nucleus.
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Transcription in Class II Gene
phase : initiation, elongation, terminationEnzyme : RNA polymerase II
Product : mRNA
Transcription begin from the Promoter sequence. The
difference of the eucaryotes and procaryotes is the
TATA box, which its included in promotor sequence.
TATA box is located in 25bp upstream (-25) from the
start point of transcription
TATA box has resposibility for fixing the site of
initiation of transcription, which is the place for RNA
polymerase attached.
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Promoter of RNA polymerase II
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Transcription in Class II Gene
When RNA polymerase attached into the
promoter (TATA box), its also need some
protein which its called Transcription
Factor (TF)
There are some type ofTF such as TFIIA,
TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH,
TFIIJ
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Transcription in Class II Gene
3
3
5
5
-
25
+1
Transcribed gene sequencePromoter
TATADNA
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Transcription in Class II Gene
3
3
5
5
+1
DNA
TFIID
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Transcription in Class II Gene
3
3
5
5
+1
DNA
TFIIA,TFIIB
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Transcription in Class II Gene
3
3
5
5
+1
DNA
RNAPol II
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Transcription in Class II Gene
3
3
5
5
+1
DNA
TFIIF,E,H,J
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Transcription in Class II Gene
RNA
5
5
5
3
3
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Function of Human GTFs (General Transcription Factors)
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mRNA Processing
In eucaryotes, the product of transcription gene is
pre-mRNA. There are one more process to make
the pre-mRNA become mature mRNA, its called
mRNA Processing.
1. mRNA splicing
2. capping and
polyadenylation
3. rRNA and tRNAprocessing
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Splicing mRNA
Pre-mRNA in eucaryotes formed by exon(coding sequence) and intron (non-codingsequence).
Intron sequence are present in initial RNAtranscripts, but they are removed before the
mature mRNA is translated.
The removal of the sequence present inintron occurs as a result of an excision and
rejoining process of RNA reffered to as
splicing
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mRNA Splicing takes place within spliceosome
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mRNA Splicing
Removed the intron sequence
and splicing the exon
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5 Capping
1. Fosfatase2. Guanylyl transferase
(5-to-5 GMP)
3. Guanine
methyltransferase
Most eukaryotic mRNAs
have a 5 cap
Increases the stability of
mRNA
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3 Polyadenilation
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5 Capping & 3 Polyadenilation
Adding 7-methylguanosin(GTP + CH3) in 5 site to
prevent degradation by
endonuclease in 5 site
Adding 250 adenin in 3site to form poli-A tail to
prevent degradation by
endonuclease in 3 site
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Transcription in Class I Gene
Enzyme : RNA polymerase IProduct : rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
General architectur of gene promoter
Procaryotes (70 S) Eucaryotes (80 S)
Large subunit Small subunit Large subunit Small subunit
50S 30S 60S 40S
A comparisons between procaryotes and eucaryotes ribosom
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Transcription in Class III Gene
Enzyme : RNA polymerase III
Product : tRNA
RNA polymerase III
recognizesseveral different types of
promoters
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tRNA Processing
There are 74 95 RNA nucleotides together andmake a cloverleaf structure
5
A
C
C
3
Acceptor arm
dHU armOptional arm
TNC arm
Anticodon arm
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tRNA components
Acceptor arm: has CCA3 site, which
is the binding site with amini acid
Anticodon arm: has a function to
recognize and attached the match
codon in mRNA
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tRNA
Interpreter between
base sequence of
mRNA and amino
acid sequence ofprotein
45 different types
About 80 nucleotides
Long
Anticodon base pairs
with codon of mRNA
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THANK YOU.
Biology Cell & Molecular