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PRESIDENTS BIOGRAPHY POLITICAL SITUATION ACHIEVEME
THEIR
1.Emilio Aguinaldo (March 22,1869 - February 6, 1964)
was a Filipino general, politician,
and independence leader.
Aguinaldo became the Philippines'
first President.
he was also the youngest (at age
29) to have become the country's
president, and the longest-lived
(having survived to age 94)
he was 29 years old when he
became Chief of State, first as
head of the dictatorship he
thought should be established
upon his return to Cavite in May
1898 from voluntary exile in
Hongkong, and then a month later
as President of the Revolutionary
Government that Apolinario Mabini
had persuaded him should instead
be instituted.
Aguinaldos presidential term
formally began in 1898 and ended
on April 1, 1901, when he took an
oath of allegiance to the United
States a week after his capture in
Palanan, Isabela.
His term also featured the setting
up of the Malolos Republic, which
has its own Congress, Constitution,
and national and local officialdom -
- proving Filipinos also had the
capacity to build.
he played an
during the Ph
against Sp
subsequent P
War that r
occupation.
Aguinaldo is
for the
Philippine Ind
12, 1898, in Ka
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2.Manuel L. Quezon (August
19, 1878 - August 1, 1944) served as president of
theCommonwealth of the
Philippines from 1935 to 1944 he was the first Filipino to
head a government of the
Philippines.
Quezn is considered by most
Filipinos to have been thesecondpresident of the
Philippines, after Emilio
Aguinaldo (18971901).
Quezn was the first Senate
president elected to the
presidency, the first president
elected through a national
election, and the first
incumbent to secure re-
election (for a partial second
term, later extended, due toamendments to the 1935
Constitution)
he is known as the "Father of
the National Language".
he returned to the Philippines
to become President of the
Philippine Senate, created bythe Jones Law
he was also top man of the
ruling Nacionalista Party.
during his presidency, Quezn
tackled the problem of
landless peasants in the
countryside
other major decisions includereorganization of the islands
military defense, approval of
recommendation for
government reorganization,
promotion of settlement and
development in Mindanao,
tackling foreign strangle-hold
on Philippine trade and
commerce, proposals for land
reform and the tackling of
graft and corruption withinthe government
Quezn esta
government in
outbreak of
threat of Jap
Quezons ter
though chiefly
Pilipino the
tried to solve
inherited fro
American adm
Represented
the Internat
Navigation in
Russia in 1908
After the Ja
fled to the Un
he governed
to the last day
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3. Jos P. Laurel (March 9,
1891 - November 5, 1959)
was the president of theRepublic
of the Philippines, a Japanese-
sponsored administration duringWorld War II, from 1943 to
1945.
he was born on March 9, 1891 in
the town of Tanauan, Batangas.
His parents were Sotero Laurel,
Sr. and Jacoba Garca
his father had been an official in
the revolutionary government
ofEmilio Aguinaldo and a
signatory to the 1898 Malolos
Constitution.
while a teen, Laurel
was indicted for
attemptedmurder when he almost
killed a rival suitor of his
girlfriend.
During Laurel's tenure as
President, hunger was the main
worry During his presidency, the
Philippines faced a crippling food
shortage which demanded much
of Laurel's attention.
Laurel also resisted in vain
Japanese demands that the
Philippines issue a formal
declaration of war against
the United States. There were
also reports during his presidency
of the Japanese military carrying
out rape and massacre towards
the Filipino population.
As the Nat
nominee for t
the Republic in 1949, h
defeated by
president, E
nominee of th
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4.Sergio Osmea (September
9, 1878 - October 19, 1961)
was born in Cebu on the island of
Cebu on Sept. 9, 1878
he entered the San Carlos
Seminary in Cebu in 1889 and
then earned his bachelor's
degree from San Juan de Letran
College
his schooling was interrupted by
the 1896 revolution and the
Filipino-American War
during the revolution he edited
the militantly nationalistic
periodical El Nuevo Dia
after the revolutionary struggles
he continued his studies until he
passed the bar examination on
Feb. 20, 1903.
was a notable figure in the
struggle for independence
A lawyer, he espoused the cause
of independence through peaceful
means as editor of the Cebu
newspaper El Nuevo Dia (New
Day), which he founded in 1900
Osmea went
the US to
Philippines' inmission was
coined from c
letters of th
The mission w
Philippines w
independence
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5.Manuel Roxas (January 1,
1892 - April 15, 1948)
he was popularly known as the
First President of the Third
Republic. he won the elections by a slim
margin. He was inaugurated on
July 4, 1946, the day the U.S.
government granted political
independence to its colony.
Roxas was born in Capiz (now
Roxas City), studied law at UP
and graduated with honors in
1913
he topped the Bar examinations
in the same year, was employed
as private secretary to Chief
Justice Cayetano Arellano, and
taught law in 1915-1916.
his political career started when
he was appointed as a member of
the Capiz municipal council. In1919, he was elected as governor
of Capiz
he was elected as congressman in
1922, and in 1935, he was chosen
as a delegate to the
Constitutional Convention
he was elected as a senator in
1941 and eventually became
Senate president.
the sho
administratio
embarked oresulted i
considered
achievements
ratification
Act; the incl
Amendment
and the sig
Military Base
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6.Elpidio Quirino (November
16, 1890 - February 28,
1956)
was born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur,
finished law studies at UP in 1915,
and hurdled the Bar examinationsin the same year
his political career started with
his election as a representative of
Ilocos Sur in 1919, then as asenator in 1925, and again
reelected in 1931. President
Quezon appointed him as
secretary of finance and then
secretary of the interior in the
Commonwealth Government
The Quirino
(1948 - 1953
objectives: 1and confid
government; a
peace and ord
he was more
second object
back of
Movement in C
in addition,
with sponsori
industrial ven
irrigation, im
system, and
Central Bank a
it was also duthe RP-US
Treaty was ap
30, 1951.
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7.Ramon Magsaysay (August
31, 1907 - March 17, 1957)
popularly known as the guy,
Magsaysay was born in Iba,
Zambales he took up mechanical engineering
at UP but ended up with a
commerce degree from Jose Rizal
College
he took a job as a mechanic in the
bus company Try-Tran and rose
to become its branch manager.
He attained fame as an able
guerilla leader in World War II
and was subsequently named by
MacArthur as military governor
of Zambales during the
liberation.
he was elected twice as a
congressman after the war
was decisively elected presidentover the incumbent Elpidio
Quirino
as president, he was a close
friend and supporter of
the United States and a vocal
spokesman
against communism during
the Cold War
he was instr
the U.S. Cong
Bill of Rightbenefits to
veterans
he toured th
up Malacana
solicited and
complaints, b
and roads.
pass the Ag
Act of 1954,
protection to
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8.Carlos P. Garcia (November
4, 1896 - June 1, 1971)
was a Filipino teacher, poet,
orator, lawyer, public official, and
guerrilla leader
he became the eighth President
of the Philippines known for his
"Filipino First" policy, which put
the interests of the Filipino
people above those of foreigners
and of the ruling party.
was born in Talibon, Bohol toPolicronio Garca and Ambrosia
Polestico (who were both natives
of Bangued, Abra).
he pursued his college education
at Silliman
University inDumagueteCity, Negros Oriental, and later
studied at the Philippine Law
School (now Philippine College of
Criminology) where he earned his
law degree in 1923
he was among the top ten in thebar examination
he became famous for his poetry
in Bohol, where he earned the
nickname "Prince
of Visayan Poets" and the "Bard
from Bohol"
he started his political career in
1925, scoring an impressive
victory running for congressmanrepresenting the third district
of Bohol
he was elected for another
term, but served only until 1941
when he successfully ran for
earth and died by shooting him
in his face and did nothing as a
house keeper
President G
achievement
strengtheninthe country
he was fair-
human right
vindictive in
his political e
his other a
the adoption
First Policy"
Filipino cu
creation of
Centennial
preparation
Rizal Centen
19, 1971.
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9.Diosdado Macapagal
(September 28, 1910 -
November 14, 1961)
Mapacagal who styled himself as
the poor boy from Lubao
(Pampanga) completed pre-law andAssociate in Arts at UP; however, he
was a law graduate of the University
of Santo Tomas
he was the topnotcher of the Bar
examinations in 1935
he then entered into a private law
practice, teaching law at the side. In
1946, he was appointed Chief of the
Legal Division of the Department of
Foreign Affairs and was eventually
sent to the Philippine Embassy in
Washington as Second Secretary.
in 1949, he was elected as the
congressman of the first district
of Pampanga and reelected in 1953 in 1958, he was elected as Vice
President of the Philippines.
Macapagals administration (1961 -
1965) is best remembered for
resetting the date of the
celebration of Philippine
Independence Day from July 4
when the U.S. turned over the reins
of government in 1946 to the more
correct date of June 12 when
Aguinaldo declared independence in
1898
his achievem
spreading of the
by using it in diplpassports, stamp
giving tycoons
Filipino names, a
the Philippine I
from July 4 to
the Philippine cl
June 22, 1962
MAPILINDO,
between Malays
and Indonesia
he was resp
Agricultural La
(R.A. No. 3844) s
1963
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10.Ferdinand Marcos(September 11, 1917 -
September 28, 1989)
was born on September 11, 1917 in
Sarrat, Ilocos Norte to Don
Mariano Marcos and Josefa Edralin He was a consistent scholar, took
up Law at UP, and graduated cum
laude in 1939
he was a member of the House of
Representatives and the Philippine
Senate and claimed to be a
decorated guerrilla leader during
the war.
his first term saw a number of
socio-economic development
programs aimed at improving thenational economy and raised the
livelihood standards of the
Filipinos
he won his second term on
November 11, 1969 but was
rocked by violent student
demonstrations.
a break down in peace and order,
a deteriorating economy, graft
and corruption, and communists
and subversive elements grew in
number during these period
alarmed, he
country und
which evendisciplined so
political enem
killed and
military and
rampant
the assassina
Benigno Aquin
21, 1983 was
for the end
dictatorship
he won again a
controversial
1986 against
Corazon Aquin the greatest
the Marcos p
the field o
development
diplomacy.
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11.Corazon Aquino (January25, 1933)
no one could have imagined that
Cory Aquino would become a
president of the Philippines. although she was born to the
landed class in Tarlac, her
background was so disparate from
the patterns that cut presidential
figures. In 1946, her family left for
the U.S. and she enrolled at
Ravenhill Academy in Philadelphia
she finished her junior and
senior years at Notre Dame College
in New York. In 1949, she entered
Mount Saint Vincent College also in
New York where she finished a
Bachelor of Arts course, major in
French in 1953, she returned to the
Philippines to take up law at the Far
Eastern University.
but, the following year, she met
and married Benigno Ninoy Aquino
she is associated with the
EDSA Revolt.
her presidency saw
unsuccessful coups instigated by
disgruntled military officers
she declared her candidacy for
president against President Marcos
in the 1986 elections
she sat as president under the
Freedom Constitution, a temporary
measure until a new constitution
could be written. In 1987, a new
constitution was approved
her greate
Filipinos was t
democracy. Presidential
supported Ramo
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12. Fidel V. Ramos (March18, 1928).
he was the military hero of the
February 1986 Philippine People
Power Revolution and victor of thefirst multiparty presidential
elections in 1992, thus becoming the
12th President of the Republic of
the Philippines.
Ramos was born on March 18,
1928, and grew up in Lingayen,
Pangasinan. His father - Narciso
Ramos - was a lawyer, a crusading
journalist, a five-term legislator of
the House of Representatives, and
later, secretary of foreign affairs.
A soldier by profession and a
hero in the Korean and Vietnam
Wars, Ramos rose to the militaryhierarchy being a distant cousin of
President Ferdinand Marcos. He was
the Chief of the Philippine
Constabulary during Martial Law.
Ramos administration has
anchored its governance on the
philosophy of PeopleEmpowerment as the engine to
operationalize economic growth,
social equity, and national
solidarity
it is focusing on a five-point
program: peace and stability;
economic growth and sustainable
development; energy and power
generation; environmental
protection; and a streamline
democracy.
six-year term of Ramos (1992 -
1998) is looked upon with much
hope and optimism not onlybecause of his clear vision of the
future but also because of his
hands-on leadership style in
meeting the challenges faced by
the country.
his preside
of political and e
it accomplisolution of the
Mindanao and ne
NPA.
there were
and the countr
newest economic
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13.Joseph Estrada (April 19,1937)
Joseph Marcelo Ejercito
Estrada was born on April 19,
1937, in Tondo, Manila. Hisparents, Engr. Emilio Ejercito
and Maria Marcelo, moved to
San Juan where he grew up and
where he continues to reside to
this day. His primary education
was obtained at the Jesuit-run
Ateneo de Manila University
he later took up an Engineering
course at the Mapua Institute
of Technology.
is the first president to be a
celebrity. He is also the first
moustached president. Estrada is
married to (the former Doctorand first lady-turned-senator)
Estrada presidency was
accused of plunder and corruption.
After his impeachment trial in theSenate was aborted, anti-Estrada
protesters gathered at EDSA and
rose in numbers in days that
followed. On January 20, 2001,
the Supreme Court declared the
seat of the presidency vacant
he assum
the Asian F
with agricuto poor w
thereby sl
growth to -
a 5.2% in 19
the econo
3.4% in 199
in 2000 he
out-war"
Islamic Lib
captured
and other c
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14. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo(April 5, 1947)
was in San Juan to Philippine
President Diosdado Macapagal and
Evangelina Macaraeg she was a professor of
economics and became assistant
secretary and undersecretary of
the Department of Trade and
Industry during President
Aquino's term
she served as senator and was
cabinet secretary and vice
president under President
Estrada.
she was sworn in as president
on January 20, 2001 after
President Estrada's removal fromoffice by the Second Edsa
Revolution. She was elected to a
full six year term and took her
oath of office on June 30, 2004.
Arroyo's presidency was
continuously harassed by questions
of legitimacy, graft and corruption
scandals, impeachment threats,
military adventurisms by rebel
soldiers, peace and order
problems, the CPP-NPA communist
insurgency, the Abu Sayyaf terror
threat and the economic crisis
that hounded the country inspite of it all, the Arroyo
presidency has shown a strong
leadership by weathering the
storm in all issues.
in the 2009
Powerful Wom
was ranked apowerful wom
President G
Arroyo steppe
presidency aft
on June 30, 20
during the
elections, sh
Congressional s
district of P
proclaimed win
victory on May