Principles and Elements of Design
Review
Fashion Illustration• Croquis - A fashion illustration of a body that
can be duplicated to use for designing.
• Fashion figures - taller and thinner than the average real person.
• Proportion – the relationship of a part to
the whole. 3/5 is the “golden ratio”.
• Silhouette – the shape of one’s body
or a garment.
Ideal Silhouette
• The perfect shape!
• The ideal body is
said to be 8 heads tall
with 7/8 of it below the
head.
• Standards of beauty
change over time.
Body Types
• Figure – a term used for the shape of a woman’s body
• Physique – a term used for the shape of a man’s body
Illusion
Visually appearing different from what something really is!
• One can create an illusion by
• applying the principles and
• elements of design.
Principles & Elements of Design
Principles ElementsBalance Color
Proportion Line
Rhythm Form
Emphasis Texture
Design- the arrangement of details in a garment
• Proportion - a principle of design that concerns the spatial (size) relationship of all parts in a design to each other and the whole
• Rhythm – repetition throughout a design using line, shape, color, texture or pattern
• Harmony - pleasing visual unity of a design created by a tasteful relationship among all parts within the whole.
• Emphasis - principle of design that uses a concentration of interest in a particular part or area of a design.
• Balance - the principle of design that implies equilibrium or steadiness
• Texture - an element of design concerned with the tactile quality of goods, or how the surface feels and looks
Line
• Gives direction
• Divides the body into areas
Form
• 3-dimensional shape
ColorHue is another name for color.Color Schemes:• Monochromatic – one color can be tints and shades• Analogous – colors next to each other on the color wheel• Complementary – colors opposite each other on the color wheel• Split Complementary – a color and two colors on either side of its compliment• Triad – three colors, equal distant from each other on the color wheel• Accented neutral – a neutral with a pop of color
Primary Colors
Secondary Colors
Intermediate Colors“Tertiary”
• Blue-violet
• Blue-green
• Yellow-green
• Yellow-orange
• Red-orange
• Red-violet
Neutrals
• Black
• Grey
• Beige
• Tan
• White
Color continued• A tint is lighter than a pure hue. Add white.
• A shade is darker than a pure hue. Add black.
• Light colors tend to make things look larger.
• Dark colors tend to be slimming.
Texture The look and feel of fabrics
1. Structural
fibers, fabrication methods, finish, hang
2. Printed
overall design or emphasis elements
Rhythm
• Repetition – a repeated shape1. Regular = consistent
2. Irregular = random
• Gradation – repetition is
altered in one area in
a consistent manner
• Radiation - line or shape radiates
from a center point
Proportion
• The relationship of all parts
in a design to each other
and to the whole.
• The most pleasing proportion
is 3/5 - the Golden Ratio.
• Horizontal relationship
Emphasis
• Principle of design that uses a concentration of interest
in a particular part or area of a design.
*Focal Point
The most important visual element dominates over all .
Wardrobe
• The clothes and accessories a person has
When planning a wardrobe, consider:• Lifestyle• Personality• Physical attributes• Climate• Social standards
Wardrobe Planning
• Inventory your clothing
• Evaluate each piece
• Plan for what you need to shop for– Use a personal wardrobe consultant, if you wish
• Organize your closet
• Care for and protect your clothes
Harmony
• Pleasing visual unity of a design created by a tasteful relationship among all parts within the whole.
BalanceImplies equilibrium or steadiness
• Vertical
1.Formal = symmetrical
Both sides are the same.
2.Informal = asymmetrical
Both sides are different,
but still balanced.