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CHEMICAL EXPOSURE IN PRINTING INDUSTRY
NURLIYANA MOH HUSSINNOR AINI ISMAIL
MOHD FARIS MOHD ZAWAWINURULHUDA ABDULLAH
OUTLINE• MAIN USED CHEMICAL IN PRINTING INDUSTRY• LEAD HAZARD• NICKEL HAZARD• POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH) HAZARD• ISOCYANATE HAZARD• ACRYLATE HAZARD• ETHELENE GLYCOL HAZARD• OXALIC ACID HAZARD• TETRACHLOROETHELENE HAZARD• TRICHLOROETHELENE• PHOSGENE HAZARD
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PRINTING PROCESSES
• Lithographic printing • Screen printing • Gravure printing • Flexographic printing • Digital printing • Laminating
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PRINTING TASKS• Printing • Ink Mixing • Ink mixing and colour matching • Manual cleaning of presses • Automated cleaning of presses • On press cleaning • Manual off press cleaning • Automated off press cleaning • Manual film and plate development • Automated film and plate development
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CONT..• Stencil generation • Manual screen reclamation • Automated screen reclamation • Making photopolymer plates • Using isocyanate-based adhesives in
framemaking • Mixing and transferring isocyanate-based
adhesives • Using isocyanate-based adhesives in laminating • Drying and curing isocyanate-based adhesives
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MAIN USED CHEMICAL IN PRINTING INDUSTRY
CHEMICALLEAD
NICKEL
PAH
ISOCYANATE
ACRYLATES ETHELENE-GLYCOL
OXALIC ACID
TETRACHLORO
ETHELENE
TRICHLORO ETHELENE
PHOSEGENE
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LEAD HAZARD
Damage nervous connections (especially in young children) and cause blood and brain disorders
Cause weakness in fingers, wrists, or anklesCauses small increases in blood pressure,
particularly in middle-aged and older people and can cause anemia
Exposure to high lead levels can severely damage the brain and kidneys
Reduce fertility in men
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NICKEL HAZARD
• Carcinogen• Cardiovascular or blood toxicant• Developmental toxicant• Immunotoxicant• Neurotoxicant• Skin or sense organ toxicant
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POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH) HAZARD
ACUTE EFFECT CHRONIC EFFECT
eye irritation cataracts
nausea kidney damage
vomiting liver damage
diarrhea jaundice
confusion leukemia
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Effects on human health will depend mainly on the extent of exposure (length of time, etc), the amount one is exposed to (or concentration), the innate toxicity of the PAHs and whether exposure occurs via inhalation, ingestion or skin contact.
EXAMPLE OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH)
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• Anthracene• Benzo[a]pyrene • Chrysene • Coronene • Corannulene
•Naphthacene •Naphthalene •Pentacene •Phenanthrene• Pyrene• Triphenylene •Ovalene
ISOCYANATE HAZARD• severe sensitization • allergic dermatitis• irritation of mucous membranes• chest tightness,difficult breathing• include compounds classified as potential
human carcinogens and known to cause cancer in animals.
• Occupational asthma• Lung problem• DETECTION BY:derivatizing
reagent + UV detector
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ACRYLATE HAZARD• strong irritant of the ENT, and skin• caused drowsiness, headache, and nausea
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ACUTE EFFECT CHRONIC EFFECT
cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat
cause skin sensitization, with redness, swelling, and itching of the affected areas
runny nose, and burning of the throat
ETHELENE GLYCOL HAZARD
• Toxic to blood, kidneys, the nervous system, liver
• Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), ingestion and inhalation
• Exposure can cause nausea, headache and vomiting.
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OXALIC ACID HAZARD• Extreme (Poison)• Severe (Corrosive) to tissue lead to ulceration• When ingested, oxalic acid removes calcium
from the blood and induce kidney damage• Toxic! May cause burns, nausea, severe
gastroenteritis and vomiting, shock and convulsions( epileptic seizure)
• cause renal damage, as evidenced by bloody urine
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TETRACHLOROETHELENE HAZARD
• cause a dry, scaly, and fissured dermatitis• central nervous system depression• hepatic injury• cause irritation of the nose and throat • drowsiness, dizziness, giddiness, headache,
nausea, loss of coordination, confusion and unconsciousness
• anesthetic death
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TRICHLOROETHELENE HAZARD
ACUTE EFFECT CHRONIC EFFECT
irritation of the ENT and CNS dry, red and chapped skin (dermatitis)
High concentrations have caused numbness and facial pain, reduced eyesight, unconsciousness, irregular heartbeat and death.
headaches, dizziness, altered mood, loss of memory and inability to concentrate or sleep
severe skin irritant impaired liver function
severe eye irritant harm hearing
burning sensation in the mouth and throatabdominal pain
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PHOSGENE HAZARD• coughing • burning sensation in the throat and eyes • watery eyes • blurred vision • difficulty breathing or shortness of breath • nausea and vomiting • Skin contact can result in lesions similar to those
from frostbite or burns. • develop fluid in the lungs within two to six hours
(TOO HIGH PHOSGENE CONC.)
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• Other effects that may appear up to 48 hours after contact, even if the person feels better or appears well, include the following:
• difficulty breathing • coughing up white to pink-tinged fluid • low blood pressure • heart failure
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THANK YOU…
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