Download - PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK …reliefweb.int/.../Factsheet_Afghanistan__february_v6.pdfProfiling of Afghan arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 3 INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT

Profiling of Afghan arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 1

PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS IN FEBRUARY 2016

NumberofInterviewsofAfghanindividualsconductedontwoGreekislandsinFebruary2016

293

336

Lesvos

Chios

CONTEXT

In themonthofFebruary2016,56,000peoplemadethe journeyacrosstheMediterraneantoGreece. In2015, therewere 856,000 sea arrivals. UNHCR iniHated a data collecHon and analysis exercise with support from the Joint IDPProfilingService(JIPS)inordertobeRerinformthewidercommunityontheprofileofrefugeesarrivingtoGreece,andimproveimmediateresponseandlongertermplanning.Theexercise focusedonSyrian, IraqisandAfghanarrivals,and this factsheet illustrates the resultsof interviewswithAFGHANSduringFebruary2016.

METHODOLOGY TheprofilingexercisewasimplementedontheislandsthatarereceivingthemajorityofthearrivalstoGreece:Chios,Lesvos,andSamos.ThesurveywasadministeredinlocaHonsoneachislandwhereallarrivalspass.Thesurveywasnotadministeredwhileindividualswaitedinline(e.g.,forregistraHon)andminorsandpersonswithmentaldisabiliHeswereinterviewedinthepresenceofacaretaker.A systemaHcpurposive samplingwasuHlized and theenumerators interviewed respondents at regular intervals. Themethodologywas designed using the individual as unit of analysis. The purpose of themethodology is to provide arepresentaHvesampleovertheperiodofonemonth.DatabyGreekauthoriHesonageandgenderbreakdownoftheAfghanpopulaHonsarrivingduringthesameperiodontheislandswereusedtoapplyweightstothedatacollected,toensurearepresentaHonofeachageandgendergroupbasedontheactualdistribuHonofarrivals.Themethodologywas testedandcloselymonitored throughout thedatacollecHonperiod.Three teamsofFarsi/DarispeakingenumeratorsbasedinChios,LesvosandSamosinterviewed779Afghansfrom1to29February.TheFebruaryresultsillustratedinthisfactsheetarerepresentaHveoftheAfghanpopulaHonarrivingtoGreeceinFebruary.This exercise started in January 2016 andwill be repeated eachmonth for the first half of 2016 and resultswill beanalyzedattheendofeachmonthtogiveaprofileofthearrivalsfromthemainnaHonaliHes.

LIMITATIONS

OperaHonal constraints were significant: HmeforconducHngasurveyislimited,tensionsmaybehigh,somelocaHonshadtobeleôutduetolackofaccess,etc.Many of the individuals staying overnight inhotelsaswellasunaccompaniedminorsmightnot have been reached. The methodologyaRempted to factor in these challenges asmuch as possible. These challengesmust beconsideredwhenreadingtheprofilingresults. 150

Samos


SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS

Children,45% Women,22% Men,34%

Ageandgenderdistribu5onAgeandGenderdistribu5onofinterviewedAfghans

Single,60%

Union,married,39%

Widowed,1%

Maritalstatus

14% of all respondents are students, all ofwhomhaveinterruptedtheireducaHontotakethisjourneyMostfrequentlevelofeducaHoninterruptedis

HIGHSCHOOL.

WhatwasyourmainoccupaAonbackinyourcountryoforigin?*

1% of women interviewed are pregnant 2% of women interviewed are lactating 3% have a physical disability 1% have a mental disability

Spe

cial

nee

ds

Focus: Arrivals

in February 2016

30%ofadult respondentsdidnothaveprofessional acHviHes back in thecountry of origin. Of those, 65% areWOMENand35%areMEN.67%ofallwomenand20% ofallmenindicated no professional/educaHonacHviHes before leaving their place ofresidence.

SERVICE(14%)

EDUCATION(3%)

MANUFACTURING(4%)

HEALTH(1%)

TRANSPORT(3%) RETAIL(2%)

AGRICULTURE(9%)

ADMINISTRATION(2%)CONSTRUCTION(17%)SECURITY(4%)

2%

3%

4%

4%

6%

5%

16%

1%

2%

3%

3%

4%

13%

13%

21%

1%

0 to 1

2 to 4

5 to 9

10 to 14

15 to 18

19 to 24

25 to 59

60 and above

% of the interviewed population

Age

gro

ups

AgeandGenderbreakdownofinterviewedAfghans

men women

For a global overview of the age/gender breakdown of the arrivals, go to: from: http://data.unhcr.org/mediterranean/regional.php

30%

19%

16%

25%

9%

15%

29%

30%

25%

0%

None

Primary

Secondary

HighSchool

University

Highestlevelofeduca5onachievedfor>4yr-old

Adult Children

OTHER(2%)

PETTYTRADE(4%)

48% 48% 5%

Religion

IslamShia IslamSunni Other

EducaHon

Religion&Ethnicity

ProfessionalBackground

*onlyfor18yearsoldandabove

5%2%

3%9% 39% 43%

Ethnicity

Other Uzbek Sadat Pashtun Hazara Tajik

ART(1%)

FOOD(1%)

IT(1%)

MEDIA(1%)

STUDENT(3%)


INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT

IneverlivedinAFG

12%

No18%

Yes,70%

Internallydisplacedduetoviolence/conflictinAfghanistanbeforejourney

REASONS TO LEAVE AFGHANISTAN

80%

2%

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%

12%

Conflict/Violence

Economic

EducaHon

Othertypeofviolence

PersecuHon(orfearof)

DiscriminaHon

Other

NeverlivedinAfghanistan

Mainreasontoleavethecountryoforigin

Focus: Arrivals

in February 2016 PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS

JOURNEY

12%6%

0.3% 1% 0.4% 1% 1% 3%

15%

60%

NeverlivedinAfghanistan

Before2009 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Distribu5onofrespondentsbyyearofdeparturefromAfghanistan

48daysAverage duraHon of travelfor those moving directlyfromAfghanistantoGreece

2%

6%

23%

69%

<1week

1to2weeks

2weekstoamonth

Morethanamonth

Distribu5onby5mespentenroute

60%ofallrespondentsleÂfghanistanin201615%ofallrespondentsleÂfghanistanin2015

ProvincesoforigininAfghanistan

Kabul18%

Hirat14%

Balkh5%

Kunduz8%

Ghazni9%

Wardak7%

Parwan7%


ROUTES

FourmainroutestakenbyAfghanstoreachGreece

36%-AFGHANISTAN>PAKISTAN>IRAN>TURKEY>GREECE(AfghanscomingdirectlyfromAfghanistan).35%-AFGHANISTAN>IRAN>TURKEY>GREECE(Afghanscomingdirectlyfrom

Afghanistan).26%-IRAN>TURKEY>GREECE(AfghanspreviouslylivinginIran).1%-TURKEY>GREECE(AfghanspreviouslylivinginTurkey).<3%-OTHERROUTES.

5%ofrespondentsindicatedthattheyhadmadepreviousaRempt(s)tocrosstheborderbetweenTurkeyandGreece.

FINANCE 36%

24%

25%

9%

2%

Borrowingfromfriends,family

Soldassets

Ownsavings

Familypaidforthejourney

Workedduringthejourney

Mainwaystofinancethejourney

Focus: Arrivals


REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE DESTINATION COUNTRY

46%

16% 15% 15%11%

8% 8%5%

1% 2%0%

Didn'tchoose EducaHon FamilyreunificaHon

Fasterasylumprocess

Respectforhumanrights,

safety

Feelwelcomethere

Economic Communityofmyculture

Welfaresystem Don’tknow Don’twanttoanswer

MainroutesforAfghantravellingtoGreece

*in%ofrespondents.RespondentscouldprovidemulHpleanswer,hencetotalofallanswerscanbeabove100%


Focus: Arrivals


RentedaccommodaHon

68%

Hostedbyfriends,family

22%

Camps,sites5%

Publicbuilding1%

Ownproperty2%

Other2%

Mainaccommoda5onincountrieswherepeoplestayedfor6monthsormoreoutsideAfghanistan

12%oftheAfghansrespondentsactuallynever lived in Afghanistan but were bornandlivedinIran.

16% lived in another country (notAfghanistan) for 6months ormore beforestarHng the journey to Europe. Averagestayinthecountryofresidencewasoftwoandhalfyears.Main countries where people stayedfor 6 months or more outside ofAfghanistan

IRAN(14%ofallrespondents)PAKISTAN(1%)TURKEY(1%)

77% of those who stayed in anothercountry formore than 6months reportedhaving no legal documentaHon in thatcountry.Theresthadtemporaryresidence(10%),refugeecard(6%),workpermit(4%)orotherdocuments(3%).

43%

19%

12%

10%

4%

2%

2%

2%

2%

1%

1%

1%

Fearofexpulsion

Lackofdocument

Jobadequatetotheirskills,meetsbasiclivingexpenses,avoidexploitaHon

DiscriminaHon

EducaHon

Fearofforcedrecruitment

Othertypeofviolence

Conflict,violence

SurvivalessenHalsarenotmet

PersecuHonorfearoffuturepersecuHon

Reunifywithfamilyabroad

Don’twanttoanswer

Mainreasonfordeparturefromcountrieswherepeoplestayedfor6monthsormoreoutsideAfghanistan

COUNTRIES WHERE PEOPLE STAYED FOR 6 MONTHS OR MORE - OUTSIDE AFGHANISTAN

19%11%

70%

6monthstoayear 1to2years Morethan2years

Distribu5onof5mespentincountrieswherepeoplestayedfor6monthsormoreoutside

Afghanistan

TRAVELLING GROUP 65% of all respondents are travelling at leastwith a close FAMILY MEMBER (child, spouse,parentandsibling).12%aretravellingatleastwithamember of their extended family (in-law, uncle,aunt,cousin,etc.).

27%ofallrespondentsaretravellingALONE.

65%

12%4%

27%

Closefamily Extendedfamiliy Friends,colleagues

Alone

Whoareyoutravellingwith?*



TRAVELLING GROUP

ACCESS TO INFORMATION RELATED TO JOURNEY (ROUTE, PROCESS, etc.)

2% of respondents were part of a singlemale-headedhouseholdwhiletravelling.

4% of respondents were part of a singlefemale-headedhouseholdwhiletravelling.LimitaHon:9%oftheenHresampleidenHfiedthemselves as Unaccompanied Children.However, access to separate spaces forunaccompanied children was not alwayspossible.

73%

20%

8%

5%

6%

2%

1%

Smugglers

Travelcompanions

FriendsandfamilyatdesHnaHon

Callingindividualaheadofus

Socialmedia

Mobileapp

Other

Informa5onsourcesused*

36%

26%

23%

11%

6%

4%

2%

1%

None

NoSIMcard

Nophone

NointernetconnecHon

NoinformaHoninmylanguage

Noaccesstotrustworthyinfo

ContradicHnginformaHon

Nophonecredit

Mainchallengestoaccessinforma5on*

63%

22% 18%

5% 3% 2% 2% 2%

Lackoffinancialresources

Didn'twanttocome Journeyistoorisky Toovulnerabletotravel

Don’tknow LookaêrrelaHves Iwasmoreatrisk Other

Whydidhouseholdmembersstaybehind?*

Focus: Arrivals

in February 2016



67% of respondents withclose family members thatwere le^ behind, plan toeventuallybringthemtothecountryofdesHnaHon13%

59%

29% %whoindicatedhavingle]behindaSPOUSE

%whoindicatedhavingle]behindCHILDREN

%whoindicatedhavingle]behindPARENTS

For respondents travelling with close and/or extended family,on average the travelling family is composed of: MALES: 1.5 minors, 1.5 adults FEMALES: 1.3 minor, 1.2 adults

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.5

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)Supported by The Joint IDP Profiling Service (JIPS)

Contact:


The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. ForUNHCR:DauniaPavone,SeniorRegionalIMEurope,

[email protected],UNHCRGreeceIM,[email protected]:DamienJusselme,ProfilingAdvisor,[email protected]

Other sources: from: http://data.unhcr.org/mediterranean/regional.php


ASSISTANCE RECEIVED EN ROUTE AND GAPS

PROTECTION

56%52%41%39%38%35%33%29%19%19%17%6%4%2%1%

ShelterFood

WASHfaciliHesElectricity

Blanket,sleepingbagsClothes/shoes

MedicalInformaHoninmylanguage

SafespaceforwomenSafespaceforchildren

CommunicaHonPsycho-socialsupport

LegalassistanceHelptoaccessmoneytransfer

Cashassistance

Accesstoassistanceinanycountryenroute(%ofrespondentswhoreceived...)

Assistance gaps en route iden_fied byrespondents:inTURKEY:#1Food(41%),#2Shelter(24%),#3Blanket(12%)

in IRAN: #1 Food (33%), #2Blanket (22%), #3Shelter(20%)

36% of respondents directly witnessed orexperienced protecHon incidents during thejourney.

1%

1%

2%

2%

2%

5%

5%

7%

10%

26%

39%

Sexualviolence

ARemptofshipwreck

Heldagainsthis/herwill

ForcedseparaHon

Deathofafamilymember

EmoHonalabuse

DetenHon

Shipwreck

ShooHng,threatofshooHng

Robbery,the^

Physicalassault

Protec5onincidentwitnessedorexperienced

56%

22%

11% 10%2%

Iran Turkey Pakistan Atsea Other

Wheredidtheincidentoccur(country/sea)?

36%

12%

3% 1%4%

1%

Transport Publicspace Shelter Camp,site Other Don’tknow

Wheredidtheincidentoccur(loca5on)?

14%ofrespondentshavebeenseparatedfromafamilymemberduringthejourney.SeparaHonstookplaceatbordersinIranorTurkey.Lessthana10%hadfoundtheseparatedindividualsattheHmeoftheinterview.

Focus: Arrivals

in February 2016