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Entry : Entry through the soil beneath the structure of building, theycan enter though a gap 1/64th inch in building.
Ideal Environment : Dump, dark and moist soil, soil rich in organic matters likewood barks, roots etc.
Types : Over 2300 species are found in termite, among whichcryptotermes macrotermes, odontotermes are main species.
Reproduction : The Queen is the only reproductive caste, the reproduction isat its pace during May to August, a single pair can 2500000to 10000000 offspring.
Damages Caused : Destroy the building structure and cause diseases likeinfection allergy and asthma.
Preventive measures: Anti termite treatment at pre and post construction stagesrecommended.
Treatment : Treatment with approved TERMITICIDE can give protectionup to ten years depending on the soil condition and structure
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Entry : Any open area in house or building like windows, balcony, holes or cracks infloor etc are entry medium for them, transport mediums like vehicles are also anentry medium for them.
Ideal Environment : Dump and dark places like borrows sewers and places close to their food sourcelike food grain storage area, colonies. provide habitats for rodents.
Types : There are basically two types of rats black or roof rats and Norway or borrowrats.
Reproduction : A single pair of male & female in normal condition attains sexual maturity in 6to 08 weeks and produces on an average 800 youngsters in their life cycle
Damages Caused : Rats are associated with more than 200 pathogenic organisms (viruses, bacteria,fungi, worms, and arthropods) and so for more than 36 communicable diseases
are being known to be transmitted by them. including disease transmission like
bubonic plague, leptosporosis, etc.Preventive measures : 1. INSPECTION
2. SANITATION
3. EXCLUSION
4. POPULATION REDUCTION/ACTUAL CONTROLTreatment : The control measure will be carried out by integrating all possible techniques
like, burrow fumigation, trapping and poison baiting depending on the
infestation level and feasibility of the establishment
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Entry :Any open medium like doors, windows, balconies, and food items are entry mediumsfor the flies.
Ideal
Environment:Dark, moist, decaying, poor sanitation and disposal of organic garbage provide idealenvironment.
Types :Flies which are most dangerous and are popularly known as house flies, because oftheir close association with man. by affecting human.
Reproduction :After 30 hrs of emergence, female mosquito, which is monogamous, starts layingeggs, mainly in DECAYING ORGANIC MATTER, dung of domestic animal and
birds, garbage, open sewerage, decaying live matter etc. Each female lays around 120
to 150 eggs per laying and total eggs laying varies from 600 TO 900 numbers and the
total life cycle is completed in 25 to35 days. A single Pair of mated flies could
produce no less than 23,200,000,000 eggs in single Summer.Damages
Caused:Flies carry many pathogen (viruses ,bacteria, protozoa a ,helminthes eggs etc) andtransmit diseases like Cholera conjunctivitis, Diarrhea etc., including eye diseases like
myasis, infection to skin and wound. Preventive
measures:Improved environmental sanitation, i.e. good housekeeping, proper handling anddisposal of organic garbage like canteen waste, dead animals etc.
Treatment :ANTIMAGGOTS, BAITING, TARPPING, SPACE SAPARYNG,FOGGING
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Entry Grocery, Packaging, Laundry, Sewage Pipes, drainage, air duct vents etc.Ideal
Environment
Human habitats provide an ideal environment for the cockroaches, any eatables
left in kitchen with preference to starch and sugar serves as food to them.Types Over 3500 species are known but only four are found in our, homes. These
species are: GERMAN, AMERICAN, ORIENTAL, BROWN BANDED.Reproduction 4 to 8 eggs case/female with 30 to 40 eggs per oothica, nymph to adult-60 days
and after attaining sexual maturity, 50% population is female, a single female
can produce almost 1,00,000 young ones in a year.Damages
Caused
YSENTRY, DIARRHOEA, GASTROENTERITIS TYPHOID, CHOLERA,
NEUMONIA, DIPTHERIA TUBERCULOSIS. LEPROSY, HEPATIS.Preventive
measures
NVIRONMENT MODIFICATION-DENY FOOD, WATER AND SHELTER to
cockroaches by keeping surroundings clean and properly dispose off the garbage.Treatment Sprays, Herbal Gel and smokers
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Entry :Bed dugs generally enter into house by luggage or other things infected by bed bugs.Ideal
Environment: ark dry places like mattresses, pillow, mats, curtains etc.
Types :Cimex hempterus and cimex lectularius are main species.Reproduction :The female lays 1 to 12 eggs per day which hatch in about 6 to 15 day, moulds five time and
become adult in 21 days. The total life cycle is 12 to 18 month and can complete three/3
eneration in a year and can live without food for months together.
Damages
Caused:Though are not known to transmit any disease of medical importance but known to hibernateathogen of plague and hepatitis
b. antihistamine and corticosteroids can effectively reduce the
allergies being produced after bite.Preventive
measures:housekeeping and sanitation especially in laundry, theaters, railways etc followed by periodical
esticide treatment.
Treatment :SPRAYING, Herbal gel, fumigation
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Entry : Through windows, doors, utility opening, exhaust, electrical opening.Ideal
Environment: Warm, well ventilated and dark primises
Reproduction : Through eggs, individually after attaining sexual maturity in speciallyprepared homes.
Damages
Caused: Spoil Food Grains. Pollute roofs and other areas.
Treatment : Bird Nets, Spikes, Bird Control Wires, Bird Repellent
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ntry : OLD STATIONARY, CLOTHS, SCARP YARD, POORLYAINTAINED PREMISES.
deal Environment : ARK, HUMID.Types : SILVER FISH, BLACK FLIES, RED ANTS, BLACK ANTS,
SPIDERS, MITES ETC.eproduction : SPP.DIFFER IN THEIR BIOLOGY AND
ULTIPLICATION.amages Caused : llergies and pathogenic transmission.reventive measures : GOOD HYGEINE AND SANITATION.
Treatment
:
SPACE SPRAYING WITH PYRETHRUM / PROPUXOR
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B.G. Corner, 2ndFloor,
Office No. 38,Near Nigdi Bus Stop,
Nigdi Pune-44.Contact/Phone No.