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TEXTILES
RECENT
DEVELOPMENTS INTEXTILE INDUSTRY
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TEXTILE
TEXTILE is defined as panorama of
products right from FIBRE to GARMENT
It is the oldest industry in the world
which has influenced human mankind
from ages.
It is also one of the main contributors to
Economy of country .
It has also influenced research and
development of Technology
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DEVELOPMENT
INVENTION : conversion of Basic elements
in to New product,
INNOVATION : Addition of new
characteristics in existing
product, Format may change
RENONATION : Without changing basic
structure some additional
properties are added.
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CONSTITUENTS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY
FIBRE : Natural and Man made
YARN : Normal and Fancy
FABRIC : Woven , Knit and Non-woven
GARMENT : Functional andDecorative
TECHINICAL : Special purpose inrespective
TEXTILE field
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CONSTITUENTS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY
MACHINES : Up gradation in machineTechnology (performance) ,
designs.
Man Power: Qualified technicians and
Admin. staff , Training ,carrier
development
Money : Easy and adequate finance
(TUF)
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DEVELOPMENT
FIBRES :- Structural Modification
rearrangement, additional
functional group ,Surfacemodification)
YARN : Blending for additional
properties , Fancy effectsFABRIC : Derivatives of Weaves ,
Surface Ornamentation, Sp.
Chemicals
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DEVELOPMENTGARMENT : Functional Improvement
Quality parameters
enhancementSpecial applications
CONSUMER : High quality at low price.
VALUE to customer and
not Price
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RECENT DEVELOPMENT /ADDITIONS
NATURAL FIBRE
Corn Fiber: A New Fiber on
Horizon
Modal: Fibre to FabricAlginatefibre harnessing natures
absorbency
Sea-grass naturally stain resistant,anti-static and hardwearing so it can
be used in most areas of the home
except stairs.
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RECENT DEVELOPMENT /ADDITIONSNATURAL FIBRE
Biopolymer frontiers- Mimicking the functions of enzymes&
co-enzymes- Polysaccharides in semi-conductorsand medicine
- Biomass of crab and shrimp shells- New applications ofsilk- Fibers produced by bacteria- New functions for cellulose- Utilisation of rotein functionalit
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NATURAL FIBRE Dev.of Natural Fibre composites
The natural fibre composites are verycost-effective material .
Modification of jute and other natural cellulosicfibres by following means :
Chemical means Coating with polymeric solutions
and
Graft co-polymerization.
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MODIFICATION OF NATURAL FIBREThe characteristics of natural fibre composite
are
Attractive natural look
Can be painted, polished orlaminated
Water proof with minimum surface
absorption Economical
Strong and rigid
Environment-friendly
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CARBON FIBERCarbon fiber is a high-tensile fiber made by
heating rayon or poly-acrylonitrile fibers orpetroleum residues to appropriatetemperatures. Fibers may be 7 to 8 micronsin diameter and are more that 90%
carbonized.
These fibers are the stiffest and strongestreinforcing fibers for polymer composites,
the most used after glass fibers. Made ofpure carbon in form of graphite, they havelow density and a negative coefficient oflongitudinal thermal expansion.
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Carbon fibers are very expensive and can givegalvanic corrosion in contact with metals. They aregenerally used together with epoxy, where high
strength and stiffness are required, i.e. race cars,automotive and space applications, sportequipment.
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MODIFICATION OF MAN MADE FIBRES
The super fiber with new performance
High touch fibers
Progression of high-tech fibersNew high-tech fibers and shin-gosen
Cellulosic man-made fibers
Fibers for the next millennium
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PET Structure
PTT Structure
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TRIACTOR Triactor is a newly-developed Y-
shaped modified cross-sectional
polyester filament material (yarn and
cloth). It absorbs sweat and dries much faster
than conventional polyesters, thus
keeping the inside of garment dry. Its construction reduces the amount of
material touching the skin, so it feels cool
and refreshing.
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Enlarged photograph of the
Y-shaped modified
cross-sectional construction of Triactor
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CALAFINE QD
Calafine polyester can be boil-dyed
with cationic dyes as well as with
dispersed dyes.
Calafine was designed to give the varying
color tone expressions demand that the
fashion industry demands
Piece-dyeing gives users the same feel as
yarn-dyeing.
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CALAFINE QDCalafine can be made into compounds
with various cellulose fiber textiles, as
well as silk, wool, and spandex, and then
can be piece-dyed by boiling.
Both cationic and disperse dyes can be
used.
Staple fibers give superb pillresistance.
Calafine has superior wash-and-wear,
anti-wrinkling, and pleat.
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SPANDEX Spandex or elastane is a synthetic fiberknown
for its exceptional elasticity. It is strong, butless durable than non-synthetic competitor,natural Latex.
It is a polyurethane-polyureacopolymer
Spandex fibers are produced in four differentways:
1) Melt extrusion,2) reaction spinning,3) solution
dry
spinning, and 4)solution wet spinning.
Apparels spandex fibers. Compression Garments such as:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasticity_(physics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyureahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copolymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_garmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_garmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copolymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyureahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasticity_(physics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_fiber7/27/2019 Recent development in textile industry
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KEVLAR
Kevlar is a manmade organic fiber,( para-aramid synthetic fiber).
A combination of properties for highstrength with low weight, high chemicalresistance, and high cut resistance.
Kevlar is also flame resistant; does notmelt, soften, or flow; and the fiber isunaffected by immersion in water.
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KEVLAR
Kevlar 29Kevalr 129SpectraTWARONDYNEEMA development
in Kevlar
Under water, Kevlar is 20 timesstronger than steel. Windsurfing
sails that can withstand the force of
60 mph winds and don't rip easily aremade of Kevlar. Police wear
bulletproof vests made of Kevlar.
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MODIFICATION IN YARNS
Bamboo fiber yarns have particular and natural functions of
anti-bacterial, bacteriostasis and deodorization,
extremely soft , high water absorption, bright. Because
the bamboo fibres functions as anti-bacterial, extremely
soft...bamboo yarns are suitable for Inner wear, T-shirts,
Bed linen, Towels, Bath robes, Bedding, Summerclothing, Sweater and Home textiles...
Milk Protein Fiber Yarns , soybean protein fiber yarn
To make protein fiber, new bio-engineering technique is
used . It combines the advantages of natural fiber andsynthetic fiber. The protein fiber is a kind of fresh fiber
with healthy function Easier to care ,More comfortable ,
More colorful , More diversified , Easier to care
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3GT:
The name of a family of polymers,
fibres and textiles with stretch
properties developed by Toray
Industries, based on the
polyester poly tri-methylene
terephthalate (PTT).
3GT fibres are marketed by Invistaunder the brand
name T400 and 3GT fabrics are
marketed by Toray under the brand
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MODIFICATION IN YARNSBi-component yarns: an
innovation and emerging textile
technology
In Propert ies and Performance o f
Texti les, knowledge and
understanding of innovationsand emerging textile
technologies and their
applications is needed for
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BICOMPONENT YARNS
Side-by-Side Bicomponent:The process requires that the similar polymers be fed tothe spinneret orifice together so that they exit from thespinneret opening side-by-side.
Core and Sheath bi-component:
The process requires that one component becompletely surrounded by the other. The percentagesof core and sheath can be modified, for example, 90%
core and 10% sheath according to the end use.Variation in the shape of the orifice that contains theinner core can produce filaments with differentbehavioural characteristics.
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BICOMPONENT YARNS
core and sheath bi-componentside-by-side bi-component
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BICOMPONENT YARNSMost bi-component yarns are made to
provide stretch or crimp to the fabric.
To create crimp, one polymer is made to
shrink in heat or chemical treatment more
than the other polymer, which pulls the
filament into a permanent crimp.
If sufficient crimp is provided, the bi -component yarn will have increased
stretch which is desirable for example in
the end use of hosiery.
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Bi-component filament
cross section for melt
bonding filaments Thermobondingof filament yarns
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SMART FABRICS
SMART FABRICS DRIVERSSensors
Sensor-based devicesConductive fibres
Conductive pressure-sensing fabric
FASHION AND ENTERTAINMENT
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FASHION AND ENTERTAINMENT
Basic embedded apparelSolar technology
Heating fabricsLight-embedded garments
Energy storing fabrics
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NANOFIBERS The name derives from the nanometer, a
scientific measurement unitrepresenting a billionth of a meter, orthree to four atoms wide.
Nano-fibers are an exciting new class ofmaterial used for several value addedapplications such as medical, filtration,
barrier, wipes, personal care, composite,garments, insulation, and energy storage.
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NANOFIBERS Special properties of nano-fibers makethem suitable for a wide range of
applications from medical to consumerproducts and industrial to high-tech
applications. { aerospace, capacitors, transistors, drug
delivery systems, battery separators,
energy storage, fuel cells, and informationtechnology}
Generally, polymeric nanofibers areproduced by an electro spinning process
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PROPERTIES OF NANOFIBERSNanofibers exhibit special properties
mainly due to extremely high surfaceto weight ratio compared to
conventional nonwovens . It has Low density, large surface areato mass, high pore volume, and tightpore size which makes the nanofiber
nonwoven appropriate for a widerange of filtration applications
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NANOFIBERS
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Nanofibers are also used in medical applications,
which include, drug and gene delivery, artificial blood
vessels, artificial organs, and medical facemasks. For
example, carbon fiber hollow nano tubes, smaller thanblood cells, have potential to carry drugs in to blood
cells
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FABRIC PROCESSING
Application of Plasma Technology inTextile
Plasma is an ionized form of gas and can
be created using a controlled level of ACor DC power and an ionizing gas medium.
It is an ensemble of randomly moving,charged atomic particles with a sufficient
particle density to remain, on average,electrically neutral. Plasmas are used invery diverse applications,
Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
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FABRIC PROCESSING
Application of Plasma Technology inTextile
Desizing of cotton fabrics.
Hydrophobic enhancement of water and oil-repellent textiles
Anti-felting/shrink-resistance of woollen fabrics.
Hydrophilic enhancement for improving wettingand dyeing.
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Why Plasma Treatment ofTextiles ?
It is a surface treatment
Does not affect the bulk properties
Versatile and uniform treatment
Environmental friendly process
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Hydrophilic enhancement for improvingadhesive bonding
Removing the surface hairiness in yarn.
Scouring of cotton, viscose, polyester and nylonfabrics.
Anti-bacterial fabrics by deposition of silver particles
in the presence of plasma.
Room-temperature sterilization ofmedicaltextiles.
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FOAM DYEING
SOLVENT DYEING
BLEND DYEING
INK-JET PRINTING
DIGITAL PRINTING PROCESS
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DEVELOPMENT IN TEXTILE MACHINERY
SPINNING :
Open end spinning - ( rotor
spinnig)Air jet spinning -
(Twin spinner & Vortexspinner)
Flash spinning(synthetic
fibres)
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3D-WEAVING
3D-Weaving is a complete new concept incase of weaving. The first method of 3Dwoven fabric denotes 3 Dimensionalfabrics, that is length, width and breadth.
In 3 Dimensional fabrics, the thickness isan important criterion. Ordinary fabricsalso have length, width and breadth, butin the 3 Dimensional fabrics, thethickness is much more than ordinaryfabric.
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APPLICATION OF 3D WEAVING FABRICo A new method has been developed for the
manufacture of bifurcated prosthesis
used in medical applications and they are
used to replace the defective bloodvessels in patients so as to improve blood
circulation.
o Materials such as nylon, Teflon, orlon,
stainless steel, glass, and
Dacron polyester fibre have been found to
be highly suitable for the manufacture of
prosthesis.
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SOFT WARES
HRM : Human ResourceManagement
CRM :Customer Relationship
Management ERP :Enterpr ise resource
planning.
SRP :The Single ResponsibilityPrinciple
SAP :"Systems Applications and
Products.
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