GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
"Recent Experiences of ESCAP in
Promoting Green Growth & Developing
stronger Partnership with GWP"
Salmah Zakaria Energy Security and Water Resources Section
Include works of
Rae Kwon Chung, Ti LeHuu, Ermina Sokou and others from the Environment Development Division
UN ESCAP, Bangkok
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
3 Messages
Asia Pacific facing water insecurity, through multiple challenges/hotspots
Green Growth required for sustainable development, in a world with global environmental limitation
ESCAP/GWP working together – a strategic relationship for the Asia Pacific region
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Outline of presentations
Water Security and Green Growth
Climate Change – manifestation of an unconnected world??
Synergistic Efforts ESCAP/GWP -can help support Asia-Pacific needs
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Water Security and Green Growth
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Water Challenges in Asia Pacific
Multiple Challenges in water sector Increasing water scarcity threat, High water utilization,
Deteriorating water quality, Poor water quality and low water endowment, Flood-prone countries, Cyclone-prone countries, Drought-prone countries, Ecosystem changes/ Climate change risk, Poor access to drinking water, Poor access to sanitation, etc
Using IWRM concept Scaled down to implementation at local areas
Water security, water insecurity and hotspots, piloting implementation of eco-efficient water infrastructure, community water shed management, etc
Scaled up to a more encompassing platform/concept Green growth
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Water Security, Definition & Index
Has been the focus of ESCAP for some time
Should reflect achievements of sustainable socio-economic development
Analyse on the index and standards to be measured
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Water Security Definition in UN
Lack of commonly accepted definition of ―water security‖ by the UN General Assembly Difficult to bring water in political agenda
for international cooperation
Minimal problems when forums are not inter-governmental Where decisions or recommendations will not
be legally binding
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Water Insecurity Index (WII)
Water Insecurity Index is a measure for the lack of capacity to deliver the expected outcomes from investments and management in water resources for socially inclusive, environmentally sustainable economic development
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Water Insecurity Index (WII)
The framework for WII to be based
Capacity (or lack of capacity) to deliver
Water availability and water index
Risk management capacity
Investment capacity
Expected Development outcomes
―Composite outcomes”: household water security, poverty reduction, healthy people, healthy ecosystems, low conflict, economic development
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Water Hotspots
To better focus and prioritize regional action
ESCAP identified hotspots of multiple challenges
Hotspots - countries or areas or ecosystems with overlapping challenges of
poor access to water and sanitation, deteriorating water quality, limited water availability and increased exposure to climate change and water-related disasters
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Hotspots
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Water security and green growth
Ensuring long term water security Must concurrently focus also on
System/Environmental Health ie should be ecological-based
Green Growth look from the position of global environmental limitation The need to migrate from current market based
to ecological based economy
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Why Green Growth
Address global limited ecological carrying capacity
Meet unmet basic needs and the MDGs increasingly convergent challenges—food, water and energy
insecurity; persistent economic uncertainty; and climate change impacts.
hard won gains in reducing poverty and improving people’s lives are in danger of being reversed
Without accommodating ecological carrying capacity, the sustainable growth is not feasible
Improving eco-efficient of economy as a whole is a key element for Sustainable Development
RK Chung: ASEAN-ISIS 24th Asia-Pacific Roundtable, 7-9June 2010 Kuala Lumpur
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Green Growth Principles
BUSINESS AS USUAL
(Grow first, clean-up later) GREEN GROWTH
Ecological price
Ecological efficiency
Quality of growth Quantity of growth
Economic efficiency
Market price ≠
<
RK Chung: ASEAN-ISIS 24th Asia-Pacific Roundtable, 7-9June 2010 Kuala Lumpur
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Green Growth Goal
Quality of
Growth
Quantity
of Growth Eco-efficiency
From Market Price to Ecological Price
From Quantity of growth to Quality of Growth
RK Chung: ASEAN-ISIS 24th Asia-Pacific Roundtable, 7-9June 2010 Kuala Lumpur
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Human Development Index and Domestic
Material Consumption per capita, 1995 and 2005
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Green Growth – Sustainable
development
De Boer - National Geographic News,
Published November 26, 2010
the green growth stimulus packages of China and Korea, clearest signal of what is to come
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Green Growth Development in Water
Resources Management in ESCAP
ESCAP’s member countries accepted Green Growth as a Policy option at the MCED5, in March 2005 in Seoul ESCAP and its partners developed Regional Capacity
Development Programme for Green Growth Policy Tools http://www.greengrowth.org/index.asp
Endorsement of RIP (Regional Implementation Plan) on green growth at MCED6, in Astana Kazakhstan, 0ct 2010
Green growth road map – currently being developed/researched Including articulating the development of
possible/alternatives migration paths to ecological base economy
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Climate Change – manifestation of an
unconnected world??
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Significance of Climate change to water systems
Significant change in quantity of flow, will affect Design sizing of infrastructure; culverts, bridges, canals,
dams, etc Existing operations and maintenance: water related systems -
floods, water supply, irrigation etc
Shifting rainfall patterns, between 1-2 weeks Affect planting season; harvesting should not meet floods! Droughts need to be avoided Affect reservoir fillings, draw-downs, operations &
maintenance Other general operations and maintenance of water
infrastructure and systems
Extreme and recurring floods and droughts Health implication Social and economic activities
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Climate Change
Became significant with more energy used, deforestation, production of biomass, agro-industrial products, etc Start ?? - Industrial revolution of 18th Century
Mostly in the North
Followed now – lifestyle change, including urbanisation
Everywhere: The South brings with it huge population, while seemingly following similar development foot-paths
Impact from Climate Change affect all particularly the most vulnerable and least resilience
majority of which are in the developing world
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Climate Change Negotiations
Focus on
The source for climate Change
Mostly mitigation, reduced use of easily available energy; technology for clean alternative energy – still expensive
The developing countries, with huge population
emulate the developed countries to industrialise and urbanise – emitting more GHGs
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Bubbles of GHGs emissions
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Failure of Multilateral Negotiations
In both WTO’s Doha and UNFCCC, Fundamental Negotiation/bargaining problem
Participating Nations do not clearly see benefits to their nation from the outcomes
Peter Lloyd, University of Melbourne, - Public Lecture, ESCAP, 23rd Feb2011
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Four steps to improve Multilateral
Negotiations
Improved analyses of the benefits and costs of proposals
More preparations on proposals to be considered Apparently, every time, the next negotiation, start from
where it was left previously
Statement of Clear Objectives
New methods of negotiations Currently: complex agenda, attitudes and bottom up
approach ( will depend on national mitigation schemes)
Peter Lloyd, University of Melbourne, - Public Lecture, ESCAP, 23rd Feb2011
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
ESCAP’s Current Activities
in CC Adaptation
Strengthened awareness and knowledge on Green Growth, water security/insecurity and Eco-efficient approaches Eco-efficiency water infrastructure
Supporting development of appropriate policies and piloting community-based projects in the region, to improve resilience to local communities
Developing Generic Guidelines for CC Adaptation vis-à-vis water
security/insecurity and green growth
Developing roadmap for migration to green growth economy
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Synergistic Efforts ESCAP/GWP -can
help support Asia-Pacific needs
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Synergistic Working Areas
GWPO regions in Asia-Pacific
4 of 13 GWP Regions are in Asia Pacific South Asia (SA)
Southeast Asia (SEA)
Central Asia – the Caucasus
China
Good Practices to learn from other GWPO regions outside Asia Pacific - Central and South America, Africa, Middle East and Eastern Europe
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
ESCAP/GWP -Localising ideas
ESCAP
Piloting new ideas/concepts in member countries; working with governments, private sectors, NGOs and communities
Working with consultants to research current status and future directives
GWPO
Similar objectives – working with sub-regional outfits, which share many common needs
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
ESCAP/GWP past histories
ESCAP and GWP
Developed, with FAO – SPM in IWRM
Supported GWPSEA Water forums and dialogues
GWP in ESCAP events
MIR EGM
Other dialogues
Many common Partners
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Potential joint working areas
Current IWRM – Monitoring of Investments and Results
Climate Change, Food and Water Security
Potential ??? Working through the water-energy-food nexus initiatives
including MIR
Waste Water Revolution – pollution of water bodies is a major problem in Asia Pacific
Green growth – migrating from market to an ecological-based economy
Rules of Law – rights to
Access to safe water – community pilot projects, impact of CC to access
Rights to climate change adaptation ??
GWP Regional Workshop, Climate Change, Food and Water Security
24 - 25 February 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka
THANK YOU