REFORM MOVEMENTS
ORGANIZATIONS INTENDED TO MAKE THINGS
BETTER
Woman Suffrage & Equal Rights
PROBLEM WOMEN DID NOT HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE IMPROVEMENTS WERE NEEDED IN THE
SCHOOL SYSTEM, PUBLIC HEALTH, CARE FOR DEPENDENT & DELINQUENT CHILDREN, SAFETY IN COMMUNITIES & PROTECTION FOR WORKING WOMEN
CORRUPT & INEFFICIENT GOVERNMENTS WOMEN WANTED TO SERVE ON JURIES AND
HOLD POLITICAL OFFICE
Woman Suffrage & Equal Rights
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS CONVENTIONS TO BRING ABOUT
PUBLIC AWARENESS ENFRANCHISEMENT OF WOMEN SPONSOR LECTURES, DISRTRIBUTE
PAMPHLETS, SUPPORT PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES IN BEHALF OF THE WAR EFFORT DURING WORLD WAR I TO GAIN SUPPORT.
Woman Suffrage & Equal RightsRESULT
• NINETEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION WAS PASSED
• TEXAS EQUAL SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION, TEXAS EQUAL RIGHTS ASSOCIATION, TEXAS CONGRESS OF PARENTS AND TEACHERS, TEXAS FEDERATION OF WOMEN’S CLUBS WERE ESTABLISHED
• IMPROVEMENTS IN CHILD WELFARE, CHILD LABOR LEGISLATION WAS PASSED, IMPROVEMENTS IN MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTHCARE, TEACHER CERTIFICATION, FUNDING FOR WOMEN’S SCHOLARSHIPS AND WOMEN’S DORMITORIES AT UNIVERSITIES, TRAVELING LIBRARIES AND PERMANENT LIBRARIES, TEXAS HISTORY BECAME A REQUIRED SUBJECT IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS, BETTER TREATMENT FOR THE CRIMINALLY INSANE, FOSTER HOMES FOR CHILDREN WERE ESTABLISHED, MARRIED WOMEN’S PROPERTY RIGHTS WERE PROTECTED, JURY SERVICE FOR WOMEN, AND HISTORICAL PRESERVATION OF THE ALAMO, SAM HOUSTON’S HOME AND THE GOVERNOR’S MANSION.
Woman Suffrage & Equal Rights
NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS
ANNETTE FINNIGAN DR. GRACE DANFORTH REBECCA HENRY HAYES MRS. ANNA PENNYBACKER KATE STURM McCALL ROTAN
ProhibitionPROBLEM
LIQUOR PROMOTED: CRIME POVERTY IMMORALITY NEGLECT AND ABUSE OF FAMILY
MEMBERS
ProhibitionPOSSIBLE SOLUTION
TOTAL ABSTINENCE FROM
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES PUT LIQUOR DEALERS OUT OF
BUSINESS ALCOHOL EDUCATION IN PUBLIC
SCHOOLS
ProhibitionRESULT
WOMAN’S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION & TEXAS ANTI-SALOON LEAGUE WERE ESTABLISHED
EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTION WAS PASSED & A STATE PROHIBITION AMENDMENT WAS PASSED
INCREASE OF DRY COUNTIES
ProhibitionNOTABLE INDIVIDUALS
FRANCES WILLARD ARTHUR J. BARTON BENJAMIN FRANKLIN RILEY HELEN M. STODDARD THOMAS HENRY BALL CHARLES H. JENKINS
Prison ReformPROBLEM
NO PRISONER REHABILITATION CONVICT LEASE SYSTEM NO EDUCATIONAL OR INDUSTRIAL
TRAINING PROGRAMS NO RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS POOR MEDICAL CARE & POOR NUTRITION POOR FACILITIES-EXPOSURE TO
FLOODING & DISEASE OVERCROWDING & JUVENILES & ADULTS
INCARCERATED TOGETHER
Prison ReformPOSSIBLE SOLUTION
REPLACE CURRENT MANAGERS/ ADMINISTRATORS
BUILD MORE PRISON FACILITIES STATE NO LONGER CONTROLS THE
PRISON SYSTEM-LEASE THE SYSTEM TO A PRIVATE COMPANY
TO OPERATE AND RUN THE PRISON FACILITIES
BUILD JUVENILE FACILITIES
Prison Reform
RESULT THE TEXAS COMMITTEE ON PRISONS &
PRISON LABOR CONDUCTED A SURVEY OF THE PRISONS
PRISON LEASE SYSTEM & CONVICT LEASE SYSTEM WAS ABOLISHED
NEW NINE-MEMBER BOARD OF DIRECTORS-“TEXAS PRISON BOARD” WAS ESTABLISHED
EXPANDED EDUCATIONAL & RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES; IMPROVED NUTRITION; IMPROVED FACILITIES
BOYS’ REFORMATORIES WERE CREATED
Prison Reform
NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS MINNIE F. CUNNINGHAM RABBI HENRY COHEN MARY E. BRACKENRIDGE ELIZABETH SPEER JANE Y. McCALLUM CHARLES S. POTTS GEORGE W. BRIGGS DR. A. C. SCOTT
NAACPPROBLEM
PHYSICAL AND VERBAL ABUSES AGAINST AFRICAN-AMERICANS
REVIVAL OF THE KKK RACIAL SEGREGATION IN ALL
ASPECTS OF LIFE RESTRICTIVE VOTER REGISTRATION
LAWS, POLL TAX AND WHITE PRIMARIES
NAACPPOSSIBLE SOLUTION
PRESS FOR RACIAL EQUALITY THROUGH LITIGATION
PROVIDE LEGAL ASSISTANCE AND FUNDING
NATIONAL PUBLIC AWARENESS PURSUE RIGHTS THROUGH CIVIC,
POLITICAL, RELIGIOUS, BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL GROUPS
NAACPRESULT
INCREASED INVOVEMENT IN THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE AND THE TEXAS ASSOCIATION OF COLORED WOMEN’S CLUBS
ESTABLISHMENT OF STATE HOMES AND TRAINING SCHOOLS FOR DELINQUENT AFRICAN-AMERICAN GIRLS
SEVERAL LAW SUITS WERE WON IN FAVOR OF THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN IN THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT
AFRICAN-AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS AND CHURCH GROUPS DENOUNCED SEGREGATION AND WHITE OPPRESSION
NAACP
NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS
J. A. GRUMBLES ANTONIO MACEO SMITH ADA BELL DeMENT GEORGE WRIGHT CUNEY
Brotherhood of Timber Workers
PROBLEM COMPANY TOWNS LONG HOURS, LOW PAY UNSAFE WORKING CONDITIONS CUT-OUT-GET-OUT POLICY UNANNOUNCED PAYCUTS &
IRREGULAR PAYDAYS
Brotherhood of Timber Workers
POSSIBLE SOLUTION ORGANIZE UNIONS –THE
BROTHERHOOD OF TIMBER WORKERS
ESTABLISH WORKERS COMPENSATION SYSTEM
ESTABLISH A FORESTRY PROGRAM IMPROVED COMMUNICATIONS
Brotherhood of Timber WorkersRESULT
MILL OWNERS FORMED TRADE ASSOCIATIONS TO BLOCK FORMATION OF UNIONS
DISUNITY AMONG THE WORKERS CAUSED LACK OF EFFECTIVE UNIONS
TEXAS FORESTRY ASSOCIATION WAS FORMED
BROTHERHOOD OF TIMBER WORKERS STAGED STRIKES AND WALKOUTS; MERGED WITH THE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD; AND EVENTUALLY FAILED
Brotherhood of Timber Workers
NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS JOHN HENRY KIRBY JAY SMITH ARTHUR LEE EMERSON TH0MAS L. L. TEMPLE W. A. PICKERING ROBERT A. LONG