7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
1/42
EARLY PERIOD (1494-1589) or 16th century.The special character of this transitional period lies in the combination ofGothic
and Renaissance features to form a picturesque ensemble, while in Italy, a ,return toclassic forms took place, In France there was a period of transition, during whichRenaissance details were grafted on to such Gothic features as flying buttresses andpinnacles.
CLASSICAL PERIOD (1589-1715) or 17th century.The period is notable for the dignity, sobriety and masculine quality of its
foremost buildings, resulting from the subordination of plan, composition anddetail of the unity of the whole, and the charity and simplicity with which theelements were used. Ornament, though somewhat coarse, is vigorous andreasonably restrained.
LATE PERIOD 18th century. (RococoStyle)Architecturally, three stylistic phases may be distinguished.
1. sovereign Louis XV
2. sovereign Louis XVI
3. Empire - 1790-1830
ROCOCO- a type of Renaissance ornament in which
rock-like forms, fantastic scrolls, and crimped shells
are worked up together in a profusion and confusion of
detail often without organic coherence, but presentinga lavish display of decoration.
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
2/42
The Renaissance in France
French Renaissance architectureis the style of architecture whichwas imported to France from Italy during the early 16th century and
developed in the light of local architectural traditions.During the early years of the 16th century the French were involved inwars in northern Italy, bringing back to France not just the Renaissance arttreasures as their war booty, but also stylistic ideas. In the Loire Valley awave of building was carried and many Renaissance chateaux appeared at
this time, the earliest example being the Chteau d'Amboise.
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
3/42
history
ofar
chitecture
FRANCE
COUNTRY HOUSES
Country houses took the place of fortified castles
Some examples:
Chateau de Justice, Rouen
Chateau d'O, Mortree
Chateau de Josselin
Chateau de Blois
Chateau d'Azay-Rideau
Chateau de Chenonceaux
Chateau de Chambord
Designed by an Italian, Domenico da Cortona
Semi-fortified palace, most famous in Loire district
Chateau de Maisons
One of the most harmonious of all chateaux
Designed by Francois Mansart on a symmetrical E-plan
Palaise du Louvre, Paris
Built from Francis I to Napoleon III
Together with Tuilleries, 45 acres constituting one of the
most imposing palaces in Europe
Renaissance
PRE-HISTORIC
NEAR EAST
EGYPTIAN
GREEK
ROMAN
EARLY CHRISTIAN
BYZANTINE
ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH-19TH C REVIVAL
20TH C MODERN
ISLAMIC
INDIAN
CHINESE & JAPANESE
FILIPINO
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
4/42
history
ofar
chitecture
Petit Trianon, Versailles
Designed by JA Gabriel for Louis XV
One of most superb pieces of domestic architecture of
the century
CHURCHES
Church of the Val de Grace, Paris
Projecting portal by Francois Mansart, dome by
Lemercier
St. Gervais, Paris
earliest wholly-classical church facade
by Salomon de Brosse
St. Etienne du Mont, Paris
Renaissance
PRE-HISTORIC
NEAR EAST
EGYPTIAN
GREEK
ROMAN
EARLY CHRISTIAN
BYZANTINE
ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH-19TH C REVIVAL
20TH C MODERN
ISLAMIC
INDIAN
CHINESE & JAPANESE
FILIPINO
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
5/42
FRENCH RENAISSANCE
CHATEAU DE BLOISby Louis XII, completed by Francois Mansart
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
6/42
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
7/42
The Chateaux de Chambord
By Domenico de Cortona.
In contrast to this town-based chateau, the Chateaux de Chambord (1519-47) was built in the
countryside in the style of a fortified castle within a bailey or outer wall, thus neatly overlaying
Renaissance symmetry and detailing on a fundamentally medieval building type.
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
8/42
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
9/42
The Place des Vosges, Paris, 1605
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
10/42
Originally known as the Place Royale,the Place des Vosges was built byHenri IV from 1605 to 1612. Atrue square (140 m x 140 m), it
embodied the first Europeanprogram of royal city planningand is the oldest planned squarein Paris.
What was new about the Place Royalein 1612 was that the housefrontswere all built to the same design,probably by Baptiste du Cerceau,
of red brick with strips of stone
quoins over vaulted arcades thatstand on square pillars. Thesteeply-pitched blue slate roofsare pierced with discreet small-paned dormers above thepedimented dormers that stand
upon the cornices.
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
11/42
FRENCH RENAISSANCE
PALAIS DE FOUNTAINEBLEAU
Gilles Le Breton
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
12/42
CHURCH OF THE VAL DE GRACE,
Paris
Franois Mansart
(13 January 1598 - 23 September 1666)
French architect
CHATEAU DE MAISONS
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
13/42
The Royal Palace at Versailles
Architecture and Art in the Service of
Absolute Power
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
14/42
FRENCH RENAISSANCE
PALAIS DE VERSAILLES
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
15/42
Description
Versailles, France
Northern France
10 miles from Paris
2,014 acres
Served as French
royaltys estate Served as national
government center
Currently a museum
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
16/42
ARCHITECTS OF THE VERSAILLES
Louis Le Vau(1612
11October 1670)
French architect
Andr Le Ntre(12 March 161315
September 1700)
French landscape
architect
Ange-Jacques Gabriel(23 October 16984
January 1782)
French architect.
He designed the Petit
Trianon and L'Opra Royal
de Versailles (Royal Operaof Versailles)
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
17/42
First stage of the enlargement of the
hunting lodge of Louis XIII (built in 1624)into the Palace at Versailles under Louis
XIV (1668-9) by Louis LeVau; the black
portions of the plan represent this stage.
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
18/42
History
Represents absolutismand affluent royal
Built as hunting lodge
(1631-1634) for Louis
XIII
Louis XIV (right)
renovated (1661-1710) it
into the lavish estatethat it is today
UNESCO World heritage
site
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
19/42
Some facts and information about Versailles
Louis XIV proclaimed Versailles to be the seat of the government on
May 6, 1682. In effect, the entire bureaucracy moved from Paris to the
suburban villa of the king.The court consisted of 20,000persons that included 9,000soldiers,
5,000servants, 1,000great lords and members of the nobility, 1,000
lesser aristocrats (who visited the court on a daily basis) and 4-5,000
bureaucrats to manage the official business.The court was further supported by 2,500 horses, 200 coaches, and
5,000 hunting dogs.
The great lords and members of the nobility were required to live at
Versailles--in the palace--so that the king could keep track of them.
They were required to wear entirely new clothing (down to their
linens) for the kings fetes and other important social occasions. They
could beg permission to return to their lands periodically in order to
regroup financially!
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
20/42
Breakdown
Grand Apartments
Queens apartments
Kings apartments
Hall of Mirrors
Chapels
LOpera
Museum
Gardens
Grand Canal
Walks
Additions
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
21/42
Chambers
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
22/42
Chambers Continued
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
23/42
Hall of Mirrors
La Galerie des Glaces
Most famous room
Created after the Dutch War in
1678
Louis XIV
Location of the signing of theTreaty of Versailles, which
ended WWI
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
24/42
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
25/42
Hall of Mirrors Structure
17 arcaded mirrors
Large windows
73 meters long, 10.5
meters wide
Decorated with
chandeliers,
thousands of candles,paintings, sculptures
and bronze
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
26/42
La Salon de Guerre (Salon of War) was
the prelude to the Hall of Mirrors. The
relief portrait by Coysevox is based on
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
27/42
The Hall of Mirrors: the axis between war and peace crosses
the axis of absolute power.
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
28/42
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
29/42
The Ambassadors Staircase
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
30/42
The queens apartments
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
31/42
The bedroom of Louis XIV,
site of the rituals called Le
Grand Lever and Le Grand
Coucher.
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
32/42
Gardens
230 acres
Begun by Louis XIV in 1661
40 years construction
Includes Grand Canal
50 fountains, 200,000 trees,
210,000 flowers annually
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
33/42
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
34/42
Fountains
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
35/42
The garden faade seen from the Tapis vert (green carpet) of
the Versailles Park
The palace situated
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
36/42
The palace situated
between the village of
Versailles and the park
with grand avenues
radiating from theCourt of Honor
The garden in detail reflects the
geometry of the plan at the urban
and regional scale.
The principal approach
connected with the Champs
Elysees in Paris.
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
37/42
Naval battles were
staged on the lagoon to
the west of the sloping
grass terrace
The fountains withthe main e-w axis in
view.
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
38/42
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
39/42
The site
C t f H
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
40/42
Court of Honor
Garden Faade in
the scheme of 1669
by Louis LeVau
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
41/42
7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf
42/42
The Mansart expansion
of Versailles brought
the total length of thegarden faade to about
one-third of a mile.
Main pavilion
with south
wing, viewed