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Research in Womens Health
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Outline
What is Research?
Research in Ethiopia
Research in Womens Health Opportunities and challenges
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Research
Research is a quest for knowledge through
diligent search or investigation or
experimentation aimed at the discovery and
interpretation of new knowledge.
Scientific method is a systematic body of
procedures and techniques applied in carrying
out investigation or experimentation targeted
at obtaining new knowledge.
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Categories of research
Empirical and theoretical research
(philosophical)
Quantitative versus qualitative research Basic and applied (functional)
Health research triangle
Biomedical
health services
behavioral
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Studydesign
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Health Research in Ethiopia
Health is a fundamental prerequisite to
human development.
Evidence based strategies for effective healthinterventions emanate from a representative,
ethical and rigorously conducted health
research.
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Health contd
Health research undertakings
Researchers
research fu
nders and researchu
sers the presence of detailed laws and regulations
conducive for undertaking health research
History of health research in Ethiopia spans
nearly seven decades.
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Health contd
The number of health researchers, research
institutes and volume of research output so
far is small.
Detailed laws and regulations pertaining to
health research are not enacted and
governance of health research is not clearly
articulated.
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Research in Womens Health in Ethiopia
health problems for Ethiopias women: harmful cultural practices
shortages of health workers
resource constraints
low rates of literacy
the worlds lowest sexual and RH indicators. The MMR is 671 per 100 000 live births
fertility rate: of the highest in the world
modern contraceptive use is only about 14%.
One out of every 27 women dies during child birth
only 28% of women receiving ANC
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Research in contd
The HSDP addresses issues such aswomen's maternal health, HIV/AIDS, and malaria.
Several components of the program target women:
establishment of women's affairs departments inthe health service
awareness-raising on gender issues within health
workers
increasing the utilization of health services bywomen.
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Research contd
But The MOH allocations for women-specificissues are also small and have decreased over
the past three years.
The expansion and strengthening ofwomen's affairs program amounted to 0.01%
of the entire 2008/09 health budget.
Family planning and reprodu
ctive healthprograms attracted a larger share, around 10%
of the total health budget.
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Research contd
More precise knowledge about womens
health is vital for Ethiopia as a whole
The key for developing an endogenou
s health-care system is to twin research with the
practice
practice generates new understandings
the understanding leads to new practices
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Research contd
the contributory role of formal health services
to the poor national status of maternal and
neonatal health
a pool of literature exists highlighting the
inadequacy of health systems and infrastructure,
including the lack of skilled health care providers.
However, there is less available informationfrom the users of the health system.
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Opportunities
The Sustainable Development and poverty ReductionProgram (SDPRP)
The quest for Good Governance and Decentralization
Comprehensiveness of the HSDP
Health Service Extension Program
Expansion of Training institutions
Growing Size of the Private Sector
CapacityBu
ilding strategy and program Utilize the HIV/AIDS Fund
Supporting policies for MCH service
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Global Health Initiative
Vision: Maternal Health: Save approximately360,000 womens lives by reducing maternalmortality by 30 percent across assisted countries
Principle: Implementing a woman- and girl-centered approach
Conducting implementation research to provide alocal and international evidence base to inform
decision-makers to develop policies andprograms that lead to broad sweeping publichealth improvement.
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UNGASS
A Joint Plan ofAction for Womens and
Childrens Health: Saving 16 million Lives
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Challenges contd
in order to understand the magnitude and
burden of disease, there is a need to move
beyond global estimates to counting every
pregnant woman, mother and newborn.
This requires solid M&E systems capable of
generating evidence for action.
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Challenges contd
Inadequate utilization of the data resulting
from the surveillance system
Insu
fficient dissemination of resu
lts torelevant agencies.
unidirectional data flows; poor supervision
and management, analysis and feedback,
resulting in low quality of routine MIS data.
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Challenges contd
1. health research values
Equity
Ethics
2. Research Environment
Globalization
Inadequate resources
Research culture
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Challenges contd
3. Sustainable Health Research Systems
Plurality of stakeholders (governance)
Strengthening research capacity
Maintaining stable financing
4. Knowledge Production and Application
Knowledge application
Knowledge as public good
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References
1. Mahmoud F.Fathalla.A Practical Guide for Health Researchers.2004. WHO
2. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. HEALTH RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.AGuide for Training inResearch Methods.Second Edition.RegionalOffice for the Western Pacific. Manila, 2001
3. Implementation of the Global Health Initiative: Consultation Document. Washington DC, 2010.
4. A Joint Plan of Action for Womens and Childrens Health: Saving 16 million Lives. Note onSecuring Commitment and Pledges to the Joint Plan of Action at the Country-Level. New York,September 2010.
5. Monitoring and Evaluation of Maternal and Newborn Health and Services at the District Level:Technical Consultation Meeting Report. 58 December 2006. Department of Making PregnancySafer. World Health Organization
6. Evaluation Report of the Making Pregnancy Safer Strategy in Ethiopia. Family Health DepartmentFederal Ministry of Health. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia January/2005
7. Victoria Rumbold, Charlotte Warren andYared Amare.FINAL REPORTON THE SAFEMOTHERHOODCOMMUNITY-BASEDSURVEY, ETHIOPIA.
8. Wairagala Wakabi. Research collaboration boosts womens health in Ethiopia. the Lancet. 372
(1)20089. WHO.Strategies for Health Research System Development in South East Asia Region.The Fifth
Fourth regional Committee ofSouth East Asia Region. Provision Agenda item 5.28August,2001
10. Gaym A. Health research in Ethiopia--past,present and suggestions on the way forward.EthiopMed J. 2008 Jul;46(3):287-308.
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