RET 1024RET 1024Introduction to Respiratory Introduction to Respiratory TherapyTherapy
Module 2.0Module 2.0
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Key areas of potential risk common to patients and Key areas of potential risk common to patients and practitioners in the hospitalpractitioners in the hospital
Fire HazardsFire Hazards
Electrical HazardsElectrical Hazards
Patient Movement and AmbulationPatient Movement and Ambulation
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Fire SafetyFire Safety Fire Safety EducationFire Safety Education
PlanPlan
RACERACE
ABCABC
PASSPASS
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Fire SafetyFire Safety PLANPLAN
Know your hospital’s fire safety planKnow your hospital’s fire safety plan
Know where the fire alarm pull stations areKnow where the fire alarm pull stations are
Know where the fire extinguishers areKnow where the fire extinguishers are
Know the fire evacuation routesKnow the fire evacuation routes
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Fire SafetyFire Safety R.A.C.ER.A.C.E
RR - - Rescue/Remove patients from the immediate Rescue/Remove patients from the immediate fire scenefire scene
AA - - Alert personnel by activating the nearest fire Alert personnel by activating the nearest fire alarm pull stationalarm pull station
CC - - Confine the fire/smoke by closing all doors in Confine the fire/smoke by closing all doors in the areathe area
EE - - Evacuate/Extinguish – extinguish a small fire, Evacuate/Extinguish – extinguish a small fire, evacuate from a large oneevacuate from a large one
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Fire SafetyFire Safety Fire Triangle Fire Triangle
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Fire SafetyFire Safety Classification of FuelsClassification of Fuels
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Fire SafetyFire Safety Classification of FuelsClassification of Fuels
Class A Class A - Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plastics- Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plastics
Class BClass B - Flammable liquids: gasoline, oil, - Flammable liquids: gasoline, oil, grease, acetone grease, acetone
Class CClass C - Electrical: energized electrical - Electrical: energized electrical equipmentequipment
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Fire SafetyFire Safety Types of Fire ExtinguishersTypes of Fire Extinguishers
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Types of Fire ExtinguishersTypes of Fire Extinguishers APWAPW (Air Pressurized Water) (Air Pressurized Water)
Class A - Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plasticsClass A - Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plastics
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Types of Fire ExtinguishersTypes of Fire Extinguishers CO2CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) (Carbon Dioxide)
Class B - Flammable liquids: gasoline, oil, grease, Class B - Flammable liquids: gasoline, oil, grease, acetone acetone
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Types of Fire ExtinguishersTypes of Fire Extinguishers ABC ABC (Dry Chemical Extinguisher)(Dry Chemical Extinguisher)
Class C - Electrical: energized electrical equipmentClass C - Electrical: energized electrical equipment
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Fire SafetyFire Safety P.A.S.S.P.A.S.S.
PP – – Pull the pin. Hold the extinguisher with the Pull the pin. Hold the extinguisher with the nozzle pointing away from you, and release the nozzle pointing away from you, and release the locking mechanismlocking mechanism
AA – – Aim low. Point the extinguisher at the base of Aim low. Point the extinguisher at the base of the firethe fire
SS – – Squeeze the lever slowly and evenlySqueeze the lever slowly and evenly
SS – – Sweep the nozzle from side to sideSweep the nozzle from side to side
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Fire SafetyFire Safety P.A.S.S.P.A.S.S.
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
““Is this right Professor Slocum?”Is this right Professor Slocum?”
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Electrical SafetyElectrical Safety
Because respiratory Because respiratory care often involves care often involves electrical equipment, electrical equipment, RT’s must understand RT’s must understand the fundamentals of the fundamentals of electrical safetyelectrical safety
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Physiological Effects of Electrical CurrentPhysiological Effects of Electrical Current PainPain BurnsBurns ExhaustionExhaustion FaintingFainting Respiratory paralysisRespiratory paralysis Damage to vital organsDamage to vital organs Ventricular fibrillationVentricular fibrillation
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Physiological Effects of Electrical CurrentPhysiological Effects of Electrical Current
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Electrical ShockElectrical Shock Shock occurs when electrical current passes Shock occurs when electrical current passes
through the bodythrough the body Skin offers high resistance to electrical current, Skin offers high resistance to electrical current,
except when it is wetexcept when it is wet Electrical current can easily flow into the body Electrical current can easily flow into the body
when skin is bypassed by:when skin is bypassed by: Pacemakers wiresPacemakers wires Saline filled intravascular cathetersSaline filled intravascular catheters Urinary cathetersUrinary catheters Body fluid drainage cathetersBody fluid drainage catheters
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Hazard Created By A Broken Ground WireHazard Created By A Broken Ground Wire Equipment to practitionerEquipment to practitioner
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Hazard Created By A Broken Ground WireHazard Created By A Broken Ground Wire Equipment to patientEquipment to patient
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Hazard Created By A Broken Ground WireHazard Created By A Broken Ground Wire Practitioner to patientPractitioner to patient
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Preventing Shock HazardsPreventing Shock Hazards Electrical safety training for practitionersElectrical safety training for practitioners Equipment used for patient care should be Equipment used for patient care should be
connected to grounded outlets with three-wire connected to grounded outlets with three-wire cordscords
Equipment must be regularly inspected for Equipment must be regularly inspected for electrical safetyelectrical safety
Performed by qualified electrical expertsPerformed by qualified electrical experts Dated safety inspection stickers visibleDated safety inspection stickers visible
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Preventing Shock HazardsPreventing Shock Hazards Report faulty equipment, frayed wiring, or Report faulty equipment, frayed wiring, or
damaged receptacles damaged receptacles Remove from serviceRemove from service Label “Broken – Do Not Use”Label “Broken – Do Not Use” Report to supervisorReport to supervisor
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Patient Movement and AmbulationPatient Movement and Ambulation Basic Body MechanicsBasic Body Mechanics
LiftingLifting
Good posture is needed to reduce the risk of injury
Poor posture may place stress on bones, muscles, and organs
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Patient Movement and AmbulationPatient Movement and Ambulation Basic Body MechanicsBasic Body Mechanics
LiftingLifting
Good posture and body mechanics as they apply to lifting and moving a patient
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Patient Movement and AmbulationPatient Movement and Ambulation Basic Body MechanicsBasic Body Mechanics
Moving the Patient in BedMoving the Patient in Bed
Lateral movement of a bed-bound patient
Moving a patient up in be with patient assistance
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Hippocrates (460 – 377 BC) – The father of medicineHippocrates (460 – 377 BC) – The father of medicine
““Do no harmDo no harm””
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
A 1999 report by the Institute of Medicine, the A 1999 report by the Institute of Medicine, the medical branch of the National Academy of Sciences, medical branch of the National Academy of Sciences, estimated that 44,000 to 98,000 Americans die each estimated that 44,000 to 98,000 Americans die each year because of medical errors, the equivalent of a year because of medical errors, the equivalent of a jumbo jet filled with passengers crashing every dayjumbo jet filled with passengers crashing every day
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
RT’s share general responsibilities for providing safe RT’s share general responsibilities for providing safe and effective patient care with the other members of and effective patient care with the other members of the healthcare teamthe healthcare team AdministratorsAdministrators PhysiciansPhysicians NursesNurses Nursing AidesNursing Aides Physical therapistsPhysical therapists Radiology TechsRadiology Techs Medical TechnologistsMedical Technologists Etc., Etc., Etc.Etc., Etc., Etc.
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
The Joint Commission’s National Patient Safety GoalsThe Joint Commission’s National Patient Safety Goals The purpose of the Joint Commission’s National Patient Safety The purpose of the Joint Commission’s National Patient Safety
Goals are to promote specific improvements in patient safety. Goals are to promote specific improvements in patient safety. The Goals highlight problematic areas in health care and The Goals highlight problematic areas in health care and describe evidence and expert-based solutions to these describe evidence and expert-based solutions to these problems problems
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Improve the accuracy of patient identificationImprove the accuracy of patient identification Use at least Use at least two patient identifiers two patient identifiers when providing when providing
care, treatment, and servicescare, treatment, and services Acceptable identifiersAcceptable identifiers
NameName Medical record numberMedical record number
Room number or location is not an identifierRoom number or location is not an identifier ProcedureProcedure
First, identify the individual as the person for whom First, identify the individual as the person for whom the service or treatment is intended - involve the the service or treatment is intended - involve the patient when possiblepatient when possible
Second, match the service or treatment to that Second, match the service or treatment to that individualindividual
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Improve the effectiveness of communication among Improve the effectiveness of communication among
caregiverscaregivers
Report critical results of tests and diagnostic procedures Report critical results of tests and diagnostic procedures on a timely basison a timely basis
Telephone/Verbal orders/Critical Test ResultsTelephone/Verbal orders/Critical Test Results For verbal orders, telephone orders, or reporting of critical test For verbal orders, telephone orders, or reporting of critical test
results via telephone, the individual giving the order verifies the results via telephone, the individual giving the order verifies the complete order or test result by having the person receiving the complete order or test result by having the person receiving the information record and "read-back" the complete order or test information record and "read-back" the complete order or test result.result.
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Improve the effectiveness of communication among Improve the effectiveness of communication among
caregiverscaregivers AbbreviationsAbbreviations
There is a standardized list of abbreviations, acronyms, There is a standardized list of abbreviations, acronyms, symbols, and dose designations that are symbols, and dose designations that are NOTNOT to be used to be used throughout the organizationthroughout the organization
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Examples of Misinterpretation of AbbreviationsExamples of Misinterpretation of Abbreviations
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Accurately and completely reconcile medications across the Accurately and completely reconcile medications across the continuum of carecontinuum of care
The organization obtains and documents an accurate list of the patient’s The organization obtains and documents an accurate list of the patient’s current medications and known allergies in order to safely prescribe any current medications and known allergies in order to safely prescribe any setting-specific medicationssetting-specific medications
Comparing the patient’s current medications with those ordered for the Comparing the patient’s current medications with those ordered for the patient while under the care of the organizationpatient while under the care of the organization
Communicating medications to the next providerCommunicating medications to the next provider
Providing the patient with a current and reconciled list of medications upon Providing the patient with a current and reconciled list of medications upon dischargedischarge
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Improve the safety of using medicationsImprove the safety of using medications Label all medications Label all medications
Label all medications, medication containers (for example, Label all medications, medication containers (for example, syringes, medicine cups, basins), or other solutions on and syringes, medicine cups, basins), or other solutions on and off the sterile fieldoff the sterile field
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Reduce the risk of Reduce the risk of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI)Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) Comply with current World Health Organization (WHO) hand Comply with current World Health Organization (WHO) hand
hygiene guidelines or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hygiene guidelines or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) hand hygiene guidelines(CDC) hand hygiene guidelines
HAI;HAI; Infections that Infections that patientspatients acquire during the course of receiving acquire during the course of receiving treatment for other conditions or that treatment for other conditions or that healthcare workershealthcare workers (HCWs) (HCWs) acquire while performing their duties within a healthcare setting acquire while performing their duties within a healthcare setting HAIs account for an estimated 2 million infections, 90,000 deaths, HAIs account for an estimated 2 million infections, 90,000 deaths,
and $4.5 billion in excess health care costs annually and $4.5 billion in excess health care costs annually
The most common route for transmission of The most common route for transmission of nosocomial nosocomial infection infection is is hand contacthand contact
Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting from falls Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting from falls The organization implements a fall reduction program that The organization implements a fall reduction program that
includes an evaluation of the effectiveness of the programincludes an evaluation of the effectiveness of the program
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Encourage the active involvement of patients and their Encourage the active involvement of patients and their families in the patient's care as a patient safety strategyfamilies in the patient's care as a patient safety strategy Define and communicate the means for patients to report Define and communicate the means for patients to report
concerns about safety and encourage them to do soconcerns about safety and encourage them to do so
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
The organization identifies safety risks inherent in its The organization identifies safety risks inherent in its patient populationpatient population The organization identifies risks associated with home oxygen The organization identifies risks associated with home oxygen
therapy such as home firestherapy such as home fires
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Changes in Patient ConditionChanges in Patient Condition The organization selects a suitable method that enables health The organization selects a suitable method that enables health
care staff members to directly request additional assistance care staff members to directly request additional assistance from a specially trained individual(s) when the patient’s from a specially trained individual(s) when the patient’s condition appears to be worseningcondition appears to be worsening
Hospital / Patient SafetyHospital / Patient Safety
Improve the effectiveness of clinical alarm systemsImprove the effectiveness of clinical alarm systems Implemented in 2004Implemented in 2004 Preventive maintenance/testingPreventive maintenance/testing Activated with appropriate settingsActivated with appropriate settings
Staff educationStaff education
Audible with respect to distance and competing noisesAudible with respect to distance and competing noises