CRITICAL BOOK REVIEW
THE HUMILIATION OF THE WORD BY JACQUES ELLUL
Reviewed by Alyse LehrkeCOM 605, Spring Arbor University
Seeing and Hearing
Sight situates us in our present reality, showing us where we are and what surrounds us.
What we hear is fleeting as the sound penetrates the silence.
“Sight is spatial,” Ellul observed. “Sound’s domain is temporal, and
it inserts us within a duration rather than an expanse”
(Ellul, 1981/1985, p. 13).
Ellul’s Thesis
Sight deals in reality whereas hearing, and specifically the spoken word, functions in the
realm of Truth.
Ellul’s main contention is that images have subordinated language
to such an extent that reality is elevated and truth is abandoned.
The God Who Speaks
The invisible
Word reflects the Truth of the
invisible God.
God’s identity is revealed by His word, just as Jesus was known by the truth He spoke not by His physical appearance.
“The only possible relationship with God is based on the word,
and nothing else. This is because the biblical God speaks, and does
nothing else” (Ellul, p. 71).
The word is intrinsically connected to relationship as it invites a response and offers space for dialogue - speaking and listening.
Through speaking, God invites His creation into relationship with Himself; the word is the essence of relationship.
Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed. ~ John 20:29, NIV
Addicted to Reality Reality asserts itself in
the glorification of science and the demand for visible evidence as proof.
Technology teaches us the supremacy of the image as concepts are visualized rather than spoken.
Reality is confused with truth because images have choked out the word, and words have lost their meaning.
Computers and other technologies, according to Ellul, are increasing the division between image and word as all knowledge that cannot be computed through technological means fall away.
Since God exists in the realm of truth (word) rather than reality (image), He is being systematically excluded by a technological reality that demands evidence as proof.
“Only this reality can be known and can thus be the object of scientific research and
true [sic] knowledge” (Ellul, p. 219).
Postman (1992) stated: “The battle [Scopes “monkey” trial] settled the issue, once and for all: in defining truth, the great narrative of inductive science takes precedence over the great narrative of Genesis, and those who do not agree must remain in an intellectual backwater” (p. 50).
Meaningless Words
Disconnected from their source – the God who speaks – words become noise, empty filler, or
instrumental tools of technology.
“Suddenly the tragic discovery was made that words were only words, without power
to act” (Ellul, p. 155).
Hope in the Incarnation
Ellul points to the reconciliation of
image and word in the return of Christ. Only then will Truth
and reality permeate each other, allowing
image to express truth.
Technology and Truth
As Christians, we need to critically evaluate our use of technology and its impact on the communication of truth.
Dialogue and relationships have suffered as a result of the visual
and technological “progress” that has diminished the word.When we value dialogue and
build meaningful relationships, we counteract the effects of a culture consumed by images.
“When we seek measurement over meaning, we adopt the language of probability rather than virtue, essentially making mathematics the
preeminent route to all knowledge, and probabilities the means of discerning the value
of human actions” (Schultze, 2002, p. 41).
We must re-instate the invisible elements
of the world through faith. Knowledge that depends on the Truth
of an invisible God; wisdom
that must be discerned rather than
measured.
We need to infuse the word with
meaning once again. Nouwen (1981)
observed, “The word no longer
communicates, no longer fosters
communion, no longer creates
community, and therefore no longer gives life” (pp. 38-
39).
ConclusionAs Christians in a technological world, our aim is not to avoid images or technology
but to elevate truth, God’s Truth; to speak a word connected to His Word; and to put our hope in the return of Christ rather than the
false promises of technology.
References Ellul, J. (1985). The Humiliation of the Word (J. Main
Hanks, Trans.). Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing. (Original work published 1981)
McKibben, B. (2006). The age of missing information. New York, NY: Random House.
Nouwen, H. J. M. (1981). The way of the heart: Connecting with God through prayer, wisdom, and silence. New York, NY: Ballantine Books.
Postman, N. (1992). Technopoly: The surrender of culture to technology. New York, NY: Vintage.
Schultze, Q. J. (2000). Communicating for life: Christian stewardship in community and media. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic.
Schultze, Q. J. (2002). Habits of the high-tech heart: Living virtuously in the information age. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic.