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Robots on the Job Floor
Presented by: Daniel Galel, MatthewHibbard, Brian Keating, and Elisabeth
KjellbergNovember 24th, 2009
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Agenda
History of Robots on the Job floor
General Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots
Overview of Robotic Programming, Classification, and Terms
Robotics in Electronics and on the Cutting Edge Robotics on the Food Production Job Floor
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What is a Industrial Robot?
An automatically controlled, reprogrammable,
multipurpose manipulator programmable in
three or more axes, which may be either fixedin place or mobile for use in industrial
automation applications.
As Defined by ISO 8373
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Agenda
History of Robots on the Job floor
History of the robotic Industry
Overview of how robots work
General Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots
Overview of Robotic Programming, Classification, and Terms
Robotics in Electronics and on the Cutting Edge
Robotics on the Food Production Job Floor
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History
Multiple forms of
automation
Fixed automation
Flexible automation Programmable
automation
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History
First installation in 1961
Major uptake in 1980s
Hydraulic-servo systems
Slew of problems
Did not understand technology
Reliability
Accuracy Hazardous
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History
Parabolic Growth in 1980s
Advancements made in
late 1980s
New control technology
Smaller robots
New drive systems
Growth in food
processing, packaging
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History
Drive Systems
Hydraulic
Hydraulic-servo
Pneumatic D/C Servo
Brushless D/C Servo
A/C Servo
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History
Drive Systems
Stepper drive
Linear Motor
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Agenda
History of Robots on the Job floor
General Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots Advantages of implementing a robot
Challenges facing incorporating robots into your plan
Overview of Robotic Programming, Classification, and Terms
Robotics in Electronics and on the Cutting Edge
Robotics on the Food Production Job Floor
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Advantages
Accuracy
Repeatability
Flexibility Basis for modern flexible manufacturing
Safety
Painting Welding
Toxins
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Advantages
Ergonomics
Repetitive motion injury
Exhaustion
Cleanliness
Clean rooms
Food and Drugs
Electronics
Human Genome
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Disadvantages
Little R&D
High Costs
Hydraulics Kinks, leaks
Union opposition
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Agenda
History of Robots on the Job floor
General Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots
Overview of Robotic Programming, Classification, and Terms
Robotic Software
Robotic Terms
Cost
Robotics in Electronics and on the Cutting Edge
Robotics on the Food Production Job Floor
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Foundations of Robots
Robot software
Instructions that control the robots
actions
Dataflow language most often used
Software for industrial robots consists
of program flow
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Examples
Move to P1 (a general safe position)Move to P2 (an approach to P3)
Move to P3 (a position to pick the object)
Close gripper
Move to P4 (an approach to P5)
Move to P5 (a position to place the object)
Open gripperMove to P1 and finish
VAL
PROGRAM PICKPLACE1. MOVE P1
2. MOVE P2
3. MOVE P3
4. CLOSEI 0.00
5. MOVE P4
6. MOVE P5
7. OPENI 0.00
8. MOVE P1
.END
ROBOFORTH
: PICKPLACE
P1 P3 GRIP P5 UNGRIP P1
;
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Foundations Cont.
Parallelism and event-based programming
Safety Considerations
whenever(face.visible)
{
headPan.val += camera.xfov * face.x
&
headTilt.val += camera.yfov * face.y
}
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Robotic Terminology
Sequence Controlled Robot
Trajectory Operated Robot
Adaptive Robot
Teleoperated Robot
Articulated Robot Parallel Robot
Cartesian (Gantry) Robot SCARA Robot
Robots Broken Down By Mechanical Structure
Robots Broken Down By Control Types
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Types of Robots in Industry
Welding - 1961
Spray Painting
Assembly Operations - 1973
Palletizing and Material Handling - 1963
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Cost
Typical stand-alone robot arms with welding
packages cost between $28,000 and $40,000.
A six-axis robot (below) costs about $60,000
Developing the robot costs another $200,000
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Agenda
History of Robots on the Job floor
General Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots
Overview of Robotic Programming, Classification, and Terms
Robotics in Electronics and on the Cutting Edge Economic Effects
Expanding and Existing Markets
Expanding Technology
Robotics on the Food Production Job Floor
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Economic Effects
Robotics developmentslows rapidly and startsslowly as economicconditions worsen
Recessions in 2001 and2008
Drastic drop in price andcost of robots and roboticcomponents in recent
years Robots decreased in cost
by 60% between 1993and 2003
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Existing Markets
Automotive markets
in the U.S. are
saturated
Expansion in Asian
automotive markets
Small part assembly
also saturated Need for precision
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Expanding Markets
More growth inhazardous workenvironments
Starting to replace hard
automation Design for Disassembly
Laboratory Automation
Medical Device Assembly
PharmaceuticalPackaging
Food Production
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Expanding Technology
PC interface
Vision option
Decreased cost
Increased effectivness
Point and click
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Agenda
History of Robots on the Job floor
General Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots
Overview of Robotic Programming, Classification, and Terms
Robotics in Electronics and on the Cutting Edge Robotics on the Food Production Job Floor
Background of Robots in Food Industry
Applications in the Food Industry
Advantages and Challenges of Robotics in the Food industry
Things to consider in Designing a robot for food production
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Background of Robots in the
Food Industry
Earliest application of robotics in the 1980s
Equipmentwas expensive
Reasons it failed in the 80s and 90s
Return on Investment used to not be fast enough Lack of technical expertise
Concerns about how to clean robots
In 2005 only 1% of the total number of robots in
manufacturing facilities were in the food industry
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Applications
Traditional Applications
Water Jet Cutting Chicken
and Fish fillets
Placing different parts of the
food together
Packaging
Material Handling
More Recent Applications Color and Size inspections
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Advantages
Early Typical Driver for
Robotics is Labor Savings, but
this is not the uniform case
for Food Applications
Improved Quality andconsistency
Harsh Conditions they can
work in
Their Improved SanitaryIssues
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Challenges
Robots are replacing low income workers
Cant directly apply robots designed for automotive and
electronics Industry due to requirements in the task itself
Tasks require dexterity and sensory feedback
Robotic Components are restricted to certain materials
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Cutting Edge Applications and
Development
Infra Red Quality Control Mechanisms
Measuring the tenderness of meat and freshness of vegetables
Cross Applications
The da Vinci system allows doctors to perform heart surgery
remotely, and has been approved by the FDA
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Things To Consider While Designing a
Robot for the Food Industry
Design for cleaning from the beginning
Use FDA/USDA approved materials
General approved materials do not guarantee acceptance
ANSI/RIA standards
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External Resources to Reference
International Federation of Robotics
United Nations Economic Commission for
Europe regularly surveys the robotics market
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Questions?
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Works Cited
http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-
articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&S
ME&
http://www.ifr.org/industrial-robots/statistics/
http://www.dira.dk/Portals/0/Robotter/robot
def.pdf
Trends in Food Science & Technology
UN World Robotics Report 2003
http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&http://www.ifr.org/industrial-robots/statistics/http://www.dira.dk/Portals/0/Robotter/robotdef.pdfhttp://www.dira.dk/Portals/0/Robotter/robotdef.pdfhttp://www.dira.dk/Portals/0/Robotter/robotdef.pdfhttp://www.dira.dk/Portals/0/Robotter/robotdef.pdfhttp://www.ifr.org/industrial-robots/statistics/http://www.ifr.org/industrial-robots/statistics/http://www.ifr.org/industrial-robots/statistics/http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&