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ROLE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
FOR IMPROVING HUMAN
RELIABILITY
Dr. Hitesh Kapoor Aman DheerAssistant Professor, Management, Assistant Professor, Computer ScienceUIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh. SGGS College, Sector 26 Chandigarh.Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
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STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Strategic management is a field that deals with the majorintended and emergent initiatives taken by general managerson behalf of owners, involving utilization of resources( includinghardware, software and humans i.e. personnel), to enhance theperformance of rms in their external environments.
By a strategic approach to Human Resource Management,includes managerial process requiring human resource (HR)policies and practices to be linked with the strategic objectivesof the organization. Just as the term human resourcemanagement has been contested, so too has the notion of
SHRM. Nowadays, Managers look forward to form the policies and
follow those practices that a help in increasing the reliability ofemployees so that effect on productivity and performance ispositive and also this practice helps in achieving organizationalobjectives.
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RELIABILITY
Reliability is the probability that a device,system, or process will perform its prescribedduty without failure for a given time when
operated correctly in a specified environment. n Most systems humans and machines are
linked in one System. The system that requireoperation by a human, who thereby becomesan integral part of the system and can havesignificant effect on system reliabilty
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HUMAN RELIABILITY
Human involvement in systems is minimized in
todays world due to invention of embedded
systems or fully automatic systems. But this
involvement plays an important role in proper
functioning of the system (machine) as a whole as
the instructions what operation to perform is to be
given by operator. Addition of human as a factor to
study the reliability of a system has given a newdimension to reliability study.
SYSTEM RELIABILITY = SOFTWARE RELIABILITY +HARDWARE RELIABILITY + HUMAN RELAIBILITY
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HUMAN ERRORS
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CASE STUDY
Industry: Pharmaceutical Industry (Ind Swift,Baddi Unit)
Module: Liquid Dosage Forms Syrups Section. Sample Size: The data is collected by visiting
the 12 workers personally alternate days everyweek for one full month therefore the total no.of observations is 180 (i.e. 15 observations forevery worker on the panel sample).
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CATEGORIZATION OF ERRORS FOR
LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS SYRUPS
Classification of Human
BehaviorError Category Classification of Human Errors
Skill Based Errors
Slip in Action Setting or resetting of Digital Counter
Memory LapseLate Switch on Machine
Wrong quantity of material to be filled
Mistakes
Rule BasedBottle & Cap Size Mismatch
Wrong side of label filled
Knowledge basedSetting timings for machines
Setting up of tray for coding machine
Violations
RoutineSetting up of bottle size
Early switching of machine
ExceptionsWrong label or not feeded
No switching on the machine
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EXCUSES CITED FOR OCCURRENCE OF
ERRORS
Tiredness.
Repetitive work.
Wrong information communicated regarding bottle size
i.e. wrong information passed on to by superior or thisdone due to peer pressure.
Busy in talking to somebody.
In anticipation of high workload
Mind occupied in some other process ( due to stress) High stress level(personal, financial)
Hurriedness(to perform well as per targets of companyand pressure of superiors and peers to perform well )
Health reasons
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FINDINGS
On the basis of the information gatheredthrough the observation chart filled by variousrespondents, the following data was derived
Type of Error Number of errors occurred during visits
Slip in Action 2
Memory Lapse 3
Routine violations 2
Knowledge Based errors 3
Rule Based errors 1
Total 11
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Total number of observations i.e. sample size:12 operators 15 days = 180
Number of errors that occurred: 11 Human Error Probability Rate(HEP): (Total
number of errors / Number of observations) 100
Therefore, HEP for liquid dosage form Syrups= (11/180) 100 = 6.11%
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HEP CATEGORY WISE
Type of Error Numbe
r of
errors
Total
Observa
tions
HEP
Slip in Action 2 180 (2/180) 100
= 1.11%
Memory Lapse 3 180 (3/180) 100
= 1.67%
Routine violations 2 180 (2/180) 100
= 1.11%
Knowledge Based
errors
3 180 (3/180) 100
= 1.67%
Rule Based errors 1 180 (1/180) 100
= 0.556%
Total 11 180 (11/180)
100 = 6.11%
0.00%
0.50%
1.00%
1.50%
2.00%
Slipin
Action
emory
apse
R
outine
violations
Knowledge
ased
e
rrorsRule
ased
errors
Series2
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There is high degree positive correlation
(r = 0.9) between Stress Level and Manual Errors.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15
Total StressPoints
Number of
errors in a day
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When the whole scenario is taken w.r.t toemployee, then it has been observed that theemployee whose behavior is usually erratic andmore stressed on a particular day or during the
observation time commits more errors.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
a b c d e f g h i j k l
Employee nameStress
points
/no
.of
errors
Total Stress
PointsNumber of
Errors
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ROLE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN
IMPROVING HUMAN RELIABILITY
Ensuring that HR is fully integrated into strategicplanning by allowing coherent HR policies, whichenable line managers to use HRM practices as partof the day-to-day work
Commitment: Flexibility: Quality: Proper and effective Communication:. Work Force planning: Linking Performance Management to Mission
Accomplishment: Ensure High Productivity:
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Optimize utilization of resources including capacity andmaterials Reduce risk by evaluating alternatives and outcomes
before deciding Plan models in such a way that human performance be
taken as a set of control modesstrategic (based on long-term planning), tactical (based on procedures),opportunistic (based on present context), and scrambled(random) - and proposes a model of how transitionsbetween these control modes occur.
Ensure that people development issues are addressedsystematically Ensuring Quality Work Life Human Factor Risk Management (HFRM) model SWOT Analysis of employees
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THAN YOU