Roman Empire
Decline of the Roman Republic
• Main causes for the decline of the republic
• Spread of slavery in ___________________
• Migration and unemployment _________________________• Inflation• Civil war over power of
__________________________
Civil war
• First triumvirate takes power (60 BCE)
• Fall of triumvirate
• Julius Caesar__________________________
• Crassus dies• Pompey becomes _____________
Civil war
• Caesar marches on Rome, starting _____________________
• Pompey is killed in _____________• ______________ gains complete control
of Rome• Julius Caesar passes popular reforms• Senators later assassinate
__________________
Second triumvirate
• Officially in power (43-33 BCE)
• War between Octavian and Antony
• Octavian (Augustus Caesar)__________________________________
• Octavian wins• Becomes first emperor of Rome –
______________________
Roman Empire
• Augustus unifies and enlarges empire
• Issues of emperor
• Using imperial authority• ______________
• No peaceful transition process
Expansion of Roman Empire
• Rome expands to: • Secures expansion of Republic
• ______________• ______________
Expansion of Roman Empire
Pax Romana
• What was the Pax Romana?
• Begins under Augustus Caesar• Two centuries of
_________________________• Expansion and solidification of
__________________
Pax Romana
• Economic impact of Pax Romana
• Uniform money system• Expanded trade• Very good road• ______________________• ______________________
Pax Romana
• Social impact of Pax Romana
• Political impact of Pax Romana
• Returned stability to social classes
• Increased emphasis on ________________
• Created civil service• __________________
Cultural Contributions - Pantheon
Temple in Rome honoring all the Roman gods and goddesses. Today it is a church
Cultural Contributions – Colosseum
Home of popular spectacle, such as gladiator battles and chariot races.
Cultural Contributions - Forum
Center of commerce and government in Rome.
Cultural contributions – Aqueducts
Aqueducts were bridges used to transport water. They supplied water for drinking and baths.
Cultural Contributions - Roads
Cultural Contributions - Arches
Cultural Contributions
• Science
• Public Health
• Ptolemy
• Public health• Public water systems• _________________
Cultural Contributions
• Language
• Literature
• Latin• Romance languages
• Virgil’s _____________
Cultural Contributions
• Law • _________________________________– Innocent until proven guilty
Christianity
• Founder
• Roots in Judaism
• Holy Book
• Jesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ)
• Monotheistic religion• First followers were ______________
• __________________• New Testament – accounts of Jesus’
life and teachings of early Christians
Christianity
• Foundational Beliefs
• Jesus was son and incarnation of __________
• Life after death exists• Peace, love, and justice• God loves the
________________________
Christianity
• Spread of Christianity
• Message very popular with the ______________
• Apostles spread word though _____________________
• Paul of Tarsus main preacher
Christianity
• Persecution of Christians
• Conflicted with polytheism of Roman Empire
• _______________ inspired others
Christianity
• Christianity becomes legal in 313
• Emperor Constantine converts
• Later becomes official _______________________
Christianity
• Christianity as an important moral force
• Church councils establish ______________________
• Church (Pope) becomes more important than Emperor
• Unifying force in _________________________
Fall of Rome
• Large size
• Economy
• Military
• Hard to defend and ___________________________
• Falling value of Roman money• _________________________
• Non-Romans in Army were not loyal to Rome
Fall of Rome
• Moral decay
• Political issues
• Invasion
• Loss of faith in Rome by people
• Conflicts in government• ____________________
• ______________________• Eventual attack on Rome itself
Fall of Rome
• Rome is divided in two
• Fall of Western Roman Empire
• Emperor Constantine moves capital to Byzantium, renames it _______________________
• Eastern Roman Empire ____________________________
• Last Roman Emperor in Rome in 476 CE