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6 Mitos KesalahanPengembangan Software
Romi Satria [email protected] http://romisatriawahono.net
WA/Telegram: +6281586220090
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Romi Satria Wahono
•SD Sompok Semarang (1987)
• SMPN 8 Semarang (1990)
• SMA Taruna Nusantara Magelang (1993)
• B.Eng, M.Eng and Ph.D in Software Engineering fromSaitama University Japan (1994-2004)Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (2014)
• Research Interests: Software Engineering,Machine Learning
• Founder dan Koordinator IlmuKomputer.Com
• Peneliti LIPI (2004-2007)
• Founder dan CEO PT Brainmatics Cipta Informatika
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Mengapa PengembanganSoftware?
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Software Di Sekitar Kita
•
Hampir semua peralatan elektronik digerakkan oleh software!• Mobil, pesawat terbang, kapal laut, …
• Telepon, bangunan, kota, …
• Semua disiplin ilmu menggunakan software!
• Teknik dan sains (teknik sipil, teknik mesin, teknik geologi, …)
• Kedokteran, farmasi, …
• Hardware tidak berfungsi tanpa software di dalamnya
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5 Best Jobs in the World
1. Software Engineer:• $80,500 Average Pay and 46% 10 Year Growth
2. College Professor:• $81,500 Average Pay and 31% 10 Year Growth
3. Financial Adviser:• $122,500 Average Pay and 26% 10 Year Growth
4. Human Resources Manager:• $73,500 Average Pay and 23% 10 Year Growth
5. Physician Assistant:• $75,000 Average Pay and 50% 10 Year Growth
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The World's Billionaires
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Rasio Jumlah Entrepreneur
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10% 10%
7%
4% 4%
1%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
Jepang China Singapura Thailand Malaysia Indonesia
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6 Mitos KesalahanPengembangan Software
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MITOS 1Cara yang Ada Sekarang Masih Manual,
Karena Itu Akan Saya Buatkan Softwarenya!
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Systems Development Projects Fail
•
More than half of all systems developmentprojects Fail(42% - Standish Group, 53% - General Accounting Office)
• Canceled before completion
• System is never used once finished• Doesn't provide the expected benefits
•Most of the ones that don't fail:• Are delivered late
• Are over budget
• Don't provide the features promised
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Recent Significant IT FailuresCompany Year Outcome
Hudson Bay (Canada) 2005 Inventory system problems lead to $33.3
million loss
UK Inland Revenue 2004/5 $3.45 billion tax-credit overpayment caused
by software errors
Avis Europe PLC (UK) 2004 Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systemcancelled after $54.5 million spent
Ford Motor Co. 2004 Purchasing system abandoned after
deployment costing approximately $400 M
Hewlett-Packard Co. 2004 ERP system problems contribute to $160
million loss
AT&T Wireless 2004 Customer relations management (CRM)
system upgrade problems lead to $100M loss
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Building software will always be hard.There is inherently no silver bullet
(Brooks, 1987)
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/movies/Software%20Development%20Life%20Cycle.flv
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http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/movies/Software%20Development%20Life%20Cycle.flv
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The Challenges in Software Engineering
Good software:
• Should deliver thefunctionality andperformance that the
software users need• Should be
maintainable,dependable and
usable
(Sommerville, 2012)
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Teori Dasar Komputasi
• Manusia itu lambat tapi cerdas
• Komputer itu cepat tapi bodoh
• Serahkan masalah kecepatan pada
komputer, dan prioritaskan urusankecerdasan kepada manusia
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Analisis Kembali Sistem di Sekitar Kita
• Sistem Komputerisasi KTP
• Sistem e-KTP
• Sistem Pencatatan Pembersihan Toilet
• Sistem e-Learning di Universitas
Tidak Semua Sistem Bermanfaat dan LayakDikembangkan!
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MITOS 2
Kualitas Software Dinilai dari Teknologiyang Digunakan
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Sofware Quality?
• Software quality is (IEEE, 1991):1. The degree to which a
system, component, orprocess meets specifiedrequirements
2. The degree to which asystem, component, orprocess meets customer oruser needs or expectations
• Quality means conformanceto requirements (Crosby, 1979)
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Software untuk Pesan Ojek (Go-Jek)
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Kualitas Software?
• Teknologi bukan faktor terpenting darikualitas software!
• Keunikan ide adalah hal yang menentukankualitas software
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MITOS 3
Kemampuan Terpenting bagi Developeradalah Kemampuan Coding
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Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
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Effort Distribution
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Project Phases
1. Planning: Why build the system?• System request, feasibility analysis, project size
estimation
2. Analysis: Who, what, when, where will the system be?• Requirement gathering, business process modeling
3. Design: How will the system work?• Program design, user interface design, data design
4. Implementation: System construction and delivery• System construction, testing, documentation and
installation
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Planning
1. Identifying business value (System Request)• Lower costs
• Increase profits
2. Analyze feasibility• Technical Feasibility
• Economic Feasibility
• Organizational Feasibility
(System Proposal)
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System Request Online ATM System
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System Request –
Online ATM SystemProject Sponsor: Margaret Mooney, Vice President of Marketing
Business Need: Project ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan pelanggan
baru yang menggunakan Internet dam memberikan layanan yang
lebih baik ke pelanggan yang ada melalui layanan berbasis InternetBusiness Requirements:
Dengan menggunakan Online ATM System, pelanggan dapat melakukan seluruh
transaksi perbankan. Fitur utama yang ada pada sistem ini adalah:
1. Pengecekan Saldo
2. Pengiriman Uang
3. Transaksi Pembayaran Tagihan
Business Value:
Keuntungan Intangible:
- Meningkatkan layanan ke pelanggan
- Mengurangi komplen dari pelanggan
Keuntungan Tangible:
- $750,000 transaksi keuangan dari pelangan baru
- $1,875,000 transaksi keuangan dari pelanggan lama
- $50,000 pengurangan biaya telepon untuk melayani pelanggan
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Feasibility Analysis - Online ATM System
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Feasibility Analysis - Online ATM SystemMargaret Mooney and Alec Adams created the following feasibility analysis
for the Online ATM System Project.
1. Technical FeasibilityThe Online ATM System is feasible technically, although there is some risk.
1.1 Online ATM System’s risk regarding familiarity with the application is high• The Marketing Department has little experience with Internet-based marketing and sales
• The IT Department has strong knowledge of the company’s existing ATM systems,
however, it has not worked with Web-enabled ATM systems.
1.2 Online ATM System’s risk regarding familiarity with the technology is medium• The IT Department has relied on external consultants to develop its existing Web env.
• The IT Department has learned about Web technology by maintaining the corporate site
1.3 The project size is considered medium risk• The project team likely will include less than ten people
• Business user involvement will be required
• The project timeframe cannot exceed a year and it should be much shorter1.4 The compatibility with existing technical infrastructure should be good
• The current ATM System is a client-server system built using open standards. An interface
with the Web should be possible
• Retail bank already place and maintain orders electronically
• An Internet infrastructure already is in place at retail bank and at the corporate
headquarters
2 Economic Feasibility
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2. Economic Feasibility• A cost –benefit analysis was performed. A conservative approach shows that the
Online ATM System has a good chance of adding to the bottom line of the company
significantly.
• Return on Investment (ROI) over 3 years: 229 percent
• Break-even point (BEP) occurs: after 1.7 years• Total benefit after three years: $3.5 million
• Intangible Costs and Benefits
• Improved customer satisfaction
• Greater brand recognition
3. Organizational Feasibility
• From an organizational perspective, this project has low risk. The objective of the
system, which is to increase sales, is aligned well with the senior management’s goal
of increasing sales for the company. The move to the Internet also aligns withMarketing’s goal to become more savvy in Internet marketing and sales.
• The project has a project champion, Margaret Mooney, Vice President of Marketing.
Margaret is well positioned to sponsor this project and to educate the rest of the
senior management team when necessary. Much of senior management is aware of
and supports the initiative. 30
2003 2004 2005 Total
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Increased sales from new customers 0 750,000 772,500
Increased sales from existing customers 0 1,875,000 1,931,250
Reduction in customer complaint calls 0 50,000 50,000
Total Benefits: 0 2,675,000 2,753,750
PV of Benefits: 0 2,521,444 2,520,071 5,041,515
PV of All Benefits: 0 2,521,444 5,041,515
Labor: Analysis, Design and Implementation 162,000 0 0Consultant Fees 50,000 0 0
Office Space and Equipment 7,000 0 0
Software and Hardware 35,000 0 0
Total Development Costs: 254,000 0 0
Labor: Webmaster 85,000 87,550 90,177
Labor: Network Technician 60,000 61,800 63,654
Labor: Computer Operations 50,000 51,500 53,045
Labor: Business Manager 60,000 61,800 63,654Labor: Assistant Manager 45,000 46,350 47,741
Labor: 3 Staff 90,000 92,700 95,481
Software upgrades and licenses 4,000 1,000 1,000
Hardware upgrades 5,000 3,000 3,000
User training 2,000 1,000 1,000
Communications charges 20,000 20,000 20,000
Marketing expenses 25,000 25,000 25,000
Total Operational Costs: 446,000 452,700 464,751
Total Costs: 700,000 452,700 464,751
PV of Costs: 679,612 426,713 425,313 1,531,638
PV of all Costs: 679,612 1,106,325 1,531,638
Total Project Costs Less Benefits: (700,000) 2,222,300 2,288,999
Yearly NPV: (679,612) 2,094,731 2,094,758 3,509,878
Cumulative NPV: (679,612) 1,415,119 3,509,878
Return on Investment (ROI): 229.16% (3,509,878/1,531,638)Break-even Point (BEP): 1.32 years (BEP in Year 2 = [2,094,731 – 1,415,119] / 2,094,731 = 0.32)31
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Software Development Artifacts
1. Planning1.1 System Request1.2 Feasibility Analysis
2. Analysis2.1 Use Case Diagram2.2 Activity Diagram2.3 Sequence Diagram
3. Design3.1 Class Diagram3.2 Deployment Diagram3.3 User Interface Design
3.4 Data Model
4. Implementation4.1 Program Code4.2 Testing Plan4.3 Documentation
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SystemProposal
System
Specification
New
Software
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Kemampuan Coding?
• Penting!
• Tapi lebih penting lagi kemampuan membaca
kebutuhan riil masyarakat dan kemampuananalisis kelayakan dari software yang kitakembangkan
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MITOS 4Kalau Project Software Molor, Tinggal
Tambah Pengembang Saja!
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Hukum Penambahan Pengembang
• Adding manpower to a late projectmakes it later (Brook, 1975)
• “Just because a woman can make ababy in nine months, it does not followthat nine women can make a baby in
one month”
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Anekdot di Pengembangan Software
•
Project Manager is a person who thinks nine womencan deliver a baby in one month
• Developer is a person who thinks it will take 18 monthsto deliver a baby
•Client is the one who doesn't know why he wants ababy
• Marketing Manager is a person who thinks he candeliver a baby even if no man and woman are available
• Tester is a person who always tells his wife that this isnot the right baby
• Human Resource is a person who thinks that a donkeycan deliver a human baby if given 9 months
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MITOS 5
Software yang Saya Buat ini Miripdengan Software yang Ada
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Kejar Ceruk Pasar Baru
•
Don't Reinvent The Wheel!
• Lakukan komparasi terhadap aplikasi sejenis,lihat dimana ada gap dan ceruk pasar yang
belum tergarap
• Jangan pernah membuat software yangsama saja dengan yang ada saat ini
• Buat aplikasi untuk segmen pasar baru dandiprediksi besar
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MITOS 6
Pengembangan Software Saya LakukanHanya untuk Mencari Nafkah,Sebenarnya Saya Tidak Menyukainya
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Satu hal yang membuatsaya tetap bertahanadalah bahwa saya
mencintai apa yang sayalakukan...
(Steve Jobs)
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Saya tidak keberatan dengan5 tahun dan 5126 kegagalan
saya dalam membuatpenyedot debu dual cyclone
tanpa kantung...
(James Dyson)
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Kesalahan terbesar sayaadalah mencoba membuatalat pancing, padahal saya
tidak suka memancing dan
tidak pernah pergimemancing...
(Eli Harari)
L k k Y Kit Ci t i d Ci t i
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Lakukan Yang Kita Cintai, dan CintaiYang Kita Lakukan
Para inovator selalu bekerja danmenikmati kesuksesannya pada bidangyang mereka memang benar-benarmencintai
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6 Mitos Pengembangan SoftwareMitos 1: Cara Sekarang
Manual, Perlu DibuatkanSoftware
Mitos 2: KualitasSoftware Dinilai dari
Teknologi Yang Digunakan
Mitos 3: Coding ituKemampuan Terpenting
bagi Pengembang
Mitos 4: TambahPengembang Kalau
Project Software Molor
Mitos 5: Software Saya
Mirip dengan yang Lain
Mitos 6: Saya Tidak SukaMengembangkan
Software
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Terima Kasih
http://romisatriawahono.net [email protected]
081586220090