C2C and transitions:convicted to each other
Jan Rotmans, DRIFT07-04-2009
Jan Rotmans, DRIFT07-04-2009
Structure
1. transitions and transition management
2. C2C and transitions
3. levels of C2C applications[product, building, area and company]
4. future agendaDutch Research Institute For Transitions
Transition
fundamental change of structure, culture and
practices in societal (sub)system
– structure: institutional setting– culture: dominant paradigm – practices: routines, rules, habits
incumbent structure, culture and practices arebroken down, which requires time to overcome
resistance
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Transition
a transition requires a fundamental change in:
the way we think the way we act
the way we are organized
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Transition domains
energy sector
mobility sector
health care sector
construction sector
waste sector
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Transition pattern
regime: dominant structure, culture and practices
with power and vested interests
niche: emerging, diverging structure, culture and practices at a relatively small scale
level
niche wants to develop power and take over the incumbent regime; regime protects itself and wantsto offset the regime in an effective manner
transition = regime-change = power shiftDutch Research Institute For Transitions
Can we manage transitions?
No
we cannot command and control transitions
too many uncertainties and surprises
Yes we can!
we can influence transitions
direction and pace of transitions
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Transition management
Guiding Principles
– stimulate niches at the micro-level (variation)
– interconnect niches with same direction (emergence)
– develop visions at macro-level that can act as guidance for niche-development (new attractors)
– stimulate forming of niche-regimes (selection, clustering, upscaling)
– further modulation between macro-micro level (co-evolution)
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Transition management
development of sustainability visions and
transition agendas
organisation of multi-actor proces (transition arena)
carrying outexperiments and
projects
evaluation, monitoring
and adjustment (learning)
Transition management approach
- put energy in frontrunners (niche-players) and not in peloton
- bring niche-players and regime-players together in arena’s
- develop a shadow line within arena’s
- make it concrete as soon as possible with experiments
- create movement out of new coalitions/networks
- build up societal pressure through movement
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C2C and transitions
approach to design systems that are essentially waste free:
products, buildings, urban environments and social systems
- C2C is a niche
- C2C as niche requires a smart strategy to survive
within the regime
- the major barriers are NOT technological by nature
but institutional, juridical and mental barriers
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Barriers for cradle-to-cradle
– waste sector regime
– scientific scepticism
– reactive, conservative culture of construction sector
– laws and regulations
– chain organisation of sectors
– C2C hypeDutch Research Institute For Transitions
The construction chainreal estate developer
contractor
sub-contractor
supplier
architect
advisor
customer
construction material producer
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Phases of the transition in construction sector
Predevelopment
Stabilisation
Time
Sustainable construction sector
Acceleration
Take-off
Current situation
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Regime shift from waste to resource management
• cultural shift: from: consumers as producers of wasteto: producers as consumers of resources
• structural shift:from: centralized, technology, marketto: decentralized, processes, common pool
• practices shift:from: regulation, structure and coordinationto: self-organisation, stimulation and
emergence
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C2C at different levels- the product level
chair, shoe, Ipod, television
- the building level
C2C building
- the area level
C2C area development
- the company level
Philips
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Product level
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transition to sustainable material use
ecological urgency
25% of CO2-emissions related to materials production and processing
social urgency
shift of environmental impact to developing countries, health risks
economic urgency
material use expected to triple next decades
shrinking reserves, increasing prices, growing dependency
dematerialization
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transition to sustainable material use
Flanders [www.duurzaam-materialenbeheer.be]
started transition to sustainable material use by 2004
– transition network of 20 frontrunners
- vision on sustainable material use
‘material and resource poor society by 2030’
corporate cradle-to-cradle, new cycle economy
– 5 transition pathways
at your service, smart closing, beyond scarcity, sust. synthetics
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Building level
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C2C-building
– flexible design with varying functions in timeliving building concept
– delivers energy power house concept
– wastewater purification
– delivers cleaner air to the environment
– organic/technical materials that can be re-used
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C2C-building
however,
there is no recipe
there are no C2C-laws
there are multiple interpretations
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Example: C2C-building at Erasmus
University– board of the university
‘what is cradle-to-cradle?’
– real estate developer‘what is a cradle-to-cradle building?’
– contractor‘what are additional costs of C2C building?’
– construction material producer‘what kind of materials do I need to use?’
– architect ‘how to design a cradle-to-cradle building?’
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Campus Woudestein in practice at EUR
Greening the Campus
sustainability principles
– own energy supply system
– green, multi-functional environment
– water storage system
we can do better!
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ENVIRONMENTAL BALANCE
Embodied energyEnergy saving Carbon neutralMaterials selectionRenewable resourcesRainwater harvestingGrey water reuseRefuse recyclingReduced light pollutionReduced noise pollutionImproved transportationImproved cleaning regimeNatural convective ventilationSolar energyWind energyGeothermal energyCombined heat and powerBiomass boilersEmerging technologies
BUSINESS PLANNING
National statusDestination effectCapital cost vs. Lifecycle costCompatible usesRevenue generationMinimised maintenanceTicketing technologyMobile technologyChangeover for events
COMMUNITY LEGACY
Legacy for local usersCommunity hubAppropriate size Suitable locationYouth out-reach programsNeighbourhood activitiesFlexibility of useOngoing costsDesigned for legacy use
SUSTAINABLE FOOTBALL STADIUMS
2012 Olympic Stadium, UKDutch Research Institute For Transitions
2012 Olympic Stadium, UK
DEMOUNTABILITY
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Grand Stade de l’Olympique, Lyonnais
AIR QUALITY
CO2 FOOTPRINT
TRANSPORT STRATEGY
ACOUSTIC
ANZ Olympic Stadium Australia – rainwater harvesting, grey water, waterless sanitaryware
WATER
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Area development level
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C2C Area development groping in the dark
upcycling of an area?
relation humans and area?
relations buildings and area?
closing cycles? [ecological, economic, social]
various layers? [underground, infrastructure, activities]
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DRIFT
Sustainable Area development key values of area reinforce each other
• search for the (historical) identity of the area
• analyse the sustainability potential of the area
• design sustainability principles for the area
• develop a sustainability vision for the area
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Sustainability potential scan
mobility
cultural history ecology
economy energy
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Sustainable Area Principles Creating
- develop from cultural historical perspective
- human scale as starting point
- integration of functions
- humans, buildings and areas organically interwoven
- diversity as starting point
Mitigating- no shift to other areas
- energy neutral
- climate adaptive
- re-use of existing materials and resources
- as little pollution as possible
Haarlemmermeer 2030
duurzame pionierspolder
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veilige Klimaatdijk
drijvende woningen
aquacultuur
watertaxi
watergeneratorenzelfvoorzienende
dijkwoningen
floating energy generating districts for pioneers
wandelen tussende dieren
ecologischeoevers
volkstuintjes
high-techfietsverbindingen
boomgaard biologische boerenkleine windturbines
schaapskooiop het dakNieuwe
pioniers
biologischevoedsel
voorziening
boomgaard
functie stapelingcreatieve
vergaderruimte
werken in groene omgeving met lokaal
voedsel
Company level
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Philips
is experimenting with Cradle-to-Cradle [Ingrid Seegers]
requires a new business model
long-term values vs short-term profit
services vs products
co-production vs competition
requires a corporate strategy
long-term C2C vision
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Philips transition strategy
• external– initiate and participate
• in transition arenas: create common base, advocate future visions, create social support
• in transition experiments: concrete projects producing concrete examples/alternatives
• internal– reframe and redevelop
• personal competences, skills and knowledge• organisational culture and structure
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Future agenda
1. validate and deepen cradle-to-cradle
scientific rigour
2. case studies at different levels
building, area development
3. transition to sustainable material use
cradle-to-cradle incorporated
4. initiate education
C2C and sustainability education
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Education
C2C requires multi-disciplinary background
most universities are disciplinary shelters
universities are islands of faculties
what we need is cross-faculty schools
school of C2C and sustainability
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Education
no educational grounding of C2C at Dutch universities
Master in preparation at Rotterdam (with Delft?):‘design and management of sustainable development’
educate students with: analytical skills, design skills and
process skillsmulti- and interdisciplinary study
we can use trainees and PhD-students!Dutch Research Institute For Transitions
Conclusions
C2C is not about product innovation but system innovation
barriers in social systems prevent implementation of C2C
C2C requires an innovation of social systems[waste, energy, construction, mobility]
successful C2C requires a transition management approach
educational grounding of C2C is necessary Dutch Research Institute For Transitions
let’s transitionizecradle-to-cradle!
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Mission Greening the Campus:
EUR wants to be widely renowned and recognized as the universitythat walks its talk in the area of sustainable business practice.
• What Cradle to Cradle (C2C) means for us:• We want to enhance sustainable (green) purchasing to a C2C puchasing
ambition.• • We plan to work with TU Delft as of Sep 09, specifically within their minor
Sustainable Future Campus, seeing the campus as 'playground' for innovative sustainable solutions. C2C has gained the interest of both universities (EUR and TU Delft).
• • Interested?• Please send an e-mail to [email protected]
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