ALIAS Conference, 1-2 October 2014, Florence, Italy
Michael StandarChief Strategies & International Relations
- RPAS - INTRODUCTION TO PANEL SESSION
What are Unmanned Aircraft?
• DRONES?• UAV?• Unmanned aircraft systems• Autonomous aircraft• ???????????????• NO!!! They are called Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems
(RPAS)RPAS) and they are a subset of UASUAS!• Remote pilot station or ground station• Data link• Remote piloted aircraft
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D-D-D• Dull• Dangerous• Dirty
• Business case• Able to fly longer• Closer to obstacles• Hazardous conditions• Benefits to society• Benefits to manned aviation
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RPAS ARE AIRCRAFT
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Why can’t they fly together with manned aircraft yet?
• Three simple principles:– Not negatively impact manned operations– Be transparent to other airspace users and ATC– As safe as manned aviation
• Adapt to the current and future ATM and Aviation environment!
• Three simple principles – However, the regulatory and technical challenges are not that simple
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RPAS what is your perception?
EUROPEAN AVIATION SYSTEM
• Conservative• Lead in time at least 5 years• RPAS integration driven by innovation and business needs
– Sensors – ”payload”
• RPAS just another airspace user• <150 kg State specific (for now)
Civil and military have same integration obstacles
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Paving the way toward RPAS integration
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Or societal benefits?
THEY ALL WANT THEY ALL WANT AIRSPACE ACCESSAIRSPACE ACCESS
MAIN OBJECTIVE
Safe integration of civil and mil RPAS operations into the European aviation and ATM system from 2016
– Phased integration (scalability)– Non-segregated ATM environments – SESAR COMPLIANT – Integrated into the European
ATM Master Plan
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GENERIC INTEGRATION CHALLENGES (1)
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GENERIC INTEGRATION CHALLENGES (2)
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• DATA LINK requirements
• SPECTRUM
GENERIC INTEGRATION CHALLENGES (3)
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SEE & AVOIDRules of the AIR
R&D GAP ANALYSIS
Identification of gaps in technology or procedures led to the following topics:
• Detect & Avoid• Human factors• C2 (Command & Control)• Contingency – e.g loss of link, …• Security• SESAR compliance
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What is the state of play
• 15 countries have regulation (not harmonised)– 6 allow operations under strict conditions
• 2200+ civil approved commercial companies and growing
• Most operators and manufacturers have no aviation back ground or ATM knowledge
• Economic potential estimated at several billions before end 2020
• Pragmatic European approach………
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Paving the way toward RPAS integration
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EUROPEAN APPROACH
• 5 workshops across interest groups• European Comission Staff working paper• Development of 3 roadmaps
– Regulatory– R&D– Complementary measures
• European RPAS European Aviation System integration roadmap
• Call for RPAS Demos and trials from SJU linked to ATM master plan
• European Roadmap was launched 20 June Paris Airshow
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TYPES OF OPERATIONS
Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)
Visual Flight Rules (VFR)
500 ft--------------------------------------------------- 500 ft
Very Low Level Operations• Visual Line of sight (VLOS)• Extended- Visual line of sight (E-VLOS)• Beyond visual line of sight (B-VLOS)
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IMPACT OF RPAS ON ATM BELOW 500 ft (1)
• ANSP• Responsibility for FIR• Flight planning?
• Airspace users• Rules of the air• Detectability
• CTR• Separation between IFR/VFR and RPAS ( non IFR/VFR)
• Traditional products• NOTAMS• MET• Terrain and obstacle data
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IMPACT OF RPAS ON ATM BELOW 500 ft (2)
• Transition • Into area below 500ft• Out of area below 500ft
• Infrastructure• SUR Tracking capability (if required)• Spectrum availability
• Contingency• Impact on GPS outage (B-VLOS)• Loss link
• Security • Physical• cyber
RPAS R&D ATM INTEGRATION PERSPECTIVE
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R&D
Objectives
E-VLOS
Small R&D effortVLOS
B-VLOS
IFR/VFR
OPE
RATI
ON
S BA
SED
APP
ROAC
HO
PERA
TIO
NS
BASE
D A
PPRO
ACH
Small R&D effort
Large R&D effort
Large R&D effort
European Roadmap – ICAO GANP/ASBU´s
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• Definition phase started – in progress – involvement of stakeholders/partners
• Descriptions of work to be incorporated into the SESAR 2020 Programme covering all ”pipeline phases”
• Input to the ATM Master Plan Roadmaps of technologies
– Content view– Business view– ICAO Global Plan ASBU alignment/support
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SESAR 2020 – RPAS Integration
Global Cooperation & Interoperability
EC/FAA Coordination
Standards built on SESAR and NextGen
developments will support harmonised Implementation and
Regulation
Programme level coordination enhanced by interoperability and wider industry buy-in.
Global consensus to ensure world-wide
interoperability.
EU-US MoCSESAR-NextGen
Coordination Activities
EUROCAE WGRTCA SC
ICAO GANP/ASBU´s
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Conclusion
•New airspace user•Driven by innovation and business needs – roles & reponsibilities, liabilities•The European Roadmap and current practices will be the baseline for the integration to be successful and described in the European ATM Master Plan•New issues to be solved - proposes opportunities/constraints to aviation•Automation is key and need to be balanced to keep the human-in-the-loop – system resiliance
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Thanks for your attention
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