The Russian The Russian RevolutionRevolution
I. Pre-Revolutionary RussiaI. Pre-Revolutionary Russia Last absolute Last absolute
kingking No democratic No democratic
govgov Nicholas II Nicholas II
became Tsar in became Tsar in 18841884– Divine rightDivine right
II. The Revolution of 1905II. The Revolution of 1905 ““Peace, Land, & Peace, Land, &
Bread!”Bread!”– Workers Workers
Bloody SundayBloody Sunday– Peaceful protestPeaceful protest– Soldiers open fireSoldiers open fire
Tsar can’t ignore Tsar can’t ignore problemsproblems– Forms Duma: legislative Forms Duma: legislative
bodybody Tsar basically ignoresTsar basically ignores
IV. Alexandra: The Power IV. Alexandra: The Power Behind the ThroneBehind the Throne
Wife of TsarWife of Tsar Alexis: Son with Alexis: Son with
Hemophilia Hemophilia – Believes Rasputin Believes Rasputin
has power to heal has power to heal himhim
– Scandals around Scandals around Rasputin discredits Rasputin discredits TsarTsar
V. World War I: “The Last V. World War I: “The Last Straw”Straw”
Broke Russia Broke Russia economyeconomy
Shows weakness Shows weakness of Tsarof Tsar
Kills thousandsKills thousands People upsetPeople upset
VI. The Collapse of the VI. The Collapse of the Imperial GovernmentImperial Government
Alexandra and Alexandra and Rasputin throw the Rasputin throw the government into government into chaoschaos
Rasputin is Rasputin is assassinated assassinated
VII. The Two Revolutions of VII. The Two Revolutions of 19171917
Food strikesFood strikes The March Revolution The March Revolution
(March 12)(March 12) The November The November
Revolution (November Revolution (November 6)6)
Lenin in chargeLenin in charge– Communist revolutionCommunist revolution– Class Struggle Class Struggle – Redistribution of landRedistribution of land
Overthrow the TsarOverthrow the Tsar
October (Bolshevik) October (Bolshevik) Revolution-1917Revolution-1917
Lead by VI Lenin “Peace, Land, and Lead by VI Lenin “Peace, Land, and Bread”Bread”
Won support of people (especially Won support of people (especially peasants)peasants)
October (Bolshevik) October (Bolshevik) Revolution-1917Revolution-1917
Lead by VI Lenin “Peace, Land, and Lead by VI Lenin “Peace, Land, and Bread”Bread”
Won support of people (especially Won support of people (especially peasants)peasants)
19181918 1918 March The Bolsheviks accept 1918 March The Bolsheviks accept
the peace of Brest‑Litovsk, ending the peace of Brest‑Litovsk, ending WWI with Germany.WWI with Germany.
1919-19201919-1920
1919 White Armies (Royal and 1919 White Armies (Royal and Menshevik troops) attack the Reds Menshevik troops) attack the Reds (Bolsheviks) from all directions. (Bolsheviks) from all directions.
1920- Reds defeat Whites1920- Reds defeat Whites
Rule of Lenin 1920-1924Rule of Lenin 1920-1924
Economic Reforms included the Economic Reforms included the New Economic Plan (NEP)New Economic Plan (NEP)-moderate mix of capitalism and -moderate mix of capitalism and socialismsocialism
Political ReformsPolitical Reforms-Bolshevik party became -Bolshevik party became Communist PartyCommunist Party-Russia becomes the United -Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist RepublicsSoviet Socialist Republics
CommunismCommunism A Form of SocialismA Form of Socialism
– Central Planning of the Economy by the Central Planning of the Economy by the StateState
Gov’t (Communist Party) makes Gov’t (Communist Party) makes decisions on individual jobs and paydecisions on individual jobs and pay
19241924
Lenin DiesLenin Dies Power VaccuumPower Vaccuum Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph StalinLeon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin Stalin takes controlStalin takes control Now must decide how he will Now must decide how he will
maintain powermaintain power Decides to create a totalitarian Decides to create a totalitarian
statestate
STALINSTALIN
Totalitarian StateTotalitarian StateA A government government that takes that takes total, central total, central state control state control over every over every aspect of aspect of public and public and private lifeprivate life
Characteristics of a Characteristics of a Totalitarian StateTotalitarian State
Dictatorship-Dictatorship- Absolute Authority Absolute Authority Dynamic Leader-Dynamic Leader- Vision for the nation Vision for the nation State Control Over All Sectors of SocietyState Control Over All Sectors of Society
– Business, Family Life, Labor, youth groups, Business, Family Life, Labor, youth groups, housing, religion, education, the artshousing, religion, education, the arts
State Control Over the IndividualState Control Over the Individual– ObedienceObedience– Denies basic libertiesDenies basic liberties
Organized ViolenceOrganized Violence– Uses force to crush oppositionUses force to crush opposition
Stalin’s Totalitarian StateStalin’s Totalitarian State State Control of the EconomyState Control of the Economy
– 5 year plan, collective farms5 year plan, collective farms Police TerrorPolice Terror
– Great Purge, crush oppositionGreat Purge, crush opposition Religious PersecutionReligious Persecution
– Control of the individualControl of the individual Propaganda (socialist realism)Propaganda (socialist realism)
– Molding peoples mindsMolding peoples minds EducationEducation
– Controlled by the governmentControlled by the government
Control MethodsControl Methods The Great PurgeThe Great Purge: campaign of terror : campaign of terror
against enemies who threatened his against enemies who threatened his powerpower– Killed or sent to Gulags (death camps)Killed or sent to Gulags (death camps)
Est between 8-13 million deaths Est between 8-13 million deaths
PropagandaPropaganda Controlled all newspapers, radio, Controlled all newspapers, radio,
movies, and information movies, and information Glorified the achievements of Stalin Glorified the achievements of Stalin
& communism & communism
Religious PersecutionReligious Persecution Replace Orthodox teachings with Replace Orthodox teachings with
communist teachingscommunist teachings Destroyed churches & synagoguesDestroyed churches & synagogues
Industrial PoliciesIndustrial Policies Command EconomyCommand Economy: Government : Government
makes all economic decisionsmakes all economic decisions Five-Year PlansFive-Year Plans: high quotas (goals) for : high quotas (goals) for
output of steel, coal, oil, & electricityoutput of steel, coal, oil, & electricity– Limited consumer productionLimited consumer production– People faced shortages of housing, food, People faced shortages of housing, food,
clothing, & other goodsclothing, & other goods Made some industrial gainsMade some industrial gains
Agricultural PoliciesAgricultural Policies Collective FarmsCollective Farms: Seized all private : Seized all private
farms and combined them into large, farms and combined them into large, government owned farmsgovernment owned farms– Hoped to boost food productionHoped to boost food production– Resistance among “kulaks”, wealthy Resistance among “kulaks”, wealthy
farm ownersfarm owners In Ukraine, Stalin forced a famine by In Ukraine, Stalin forced a famine by
confiscating all food from kulaksconfiscating all food from kulaks
EducationEducation Goal: build a stricter society that Goal: build a stricter society that
adhered to creating a much more adhered to creating a much more communist statecommunist state
Education law of 1935: allowed Education law of 1935: allowed teachers to use strict methods of teachers to use strict methods of disciplinediscipline
Communist History taught Communist History taught Girls allowed in schoolsGirls allowed in schools