SAP SAP Business IntegrationBusiness Integration
SAP:SAP:S – SystemsS – SystemsA – ApplicationsA – ApplicationsP – ProductsP – Products
Integration through Integration through Processes & Organization Processes & Organization StructureStructure
R/3
SAP IntegrationSAP Integration
Integrated SolutionClient / Server
Open Systems
FinancialAccounting
Controlling
Fixed AssetsMgmt.
ProjectSystem
Workflow
IndustrySolutions
ProductionPlanning
Sales &Distribution
MaterialsMgmt.
HumanResources
PlantMaintenance
QualityMgmt.
Procurement ProcessProcurement ProcessOutlineAgreement
Demand
Purchase Requisition Vendor
Purchase OrderGoods Receipt
& Inventory Mgmt.
AccountsPayable Invoice
Verification
Scheduling Agreement
Internal Order - Company Internal Order - Company PicnicPicnic
Purchase Requisition Purchase
OrderGoods Receipt
of Hats
InvoiceVerification
Settle Order to Departments
Sales Process — Trading Sales Process — Trading GoodsGoods
Customer Order Picking
Goods IssueBillingAccounts Receivable
Packing
Sales Process Finished GoodsSales Process Finished Goods
Customer Order
AvailabilityCheck
Goods Issue
BillingPartial PaymentFinal Payment
Sales Process Finished GoodsSales Process Finished Goods
Customer Order
AvailabilityCheck
IndependentDemand
Sales Process Finished GoodsSales Process Finished Goods
ProductionScheduling
DependentDemand
Purchasing
MRP Run
Sales Process Finished GoodsSales Process Finished Goods
Production
Goods Issueto Shop Floor
GoodsReceipt
ProductionProduction ProcessProcess
Goods Issue Shop Floor
Goods ReceiptOrder Settlement
FI OverviewFI Overview
FI
APAP
ARARAMGLGL
CONSpecialLedger
External Accounting
Balance Sheet
Profit & Loss
Financial Position
Stockholders
Bankers, Lenders
IRS, Taxing Authority
External Auditors
SEC
Financial AccountingFinancial Accounting
ControllingControllingInternal Accounting
Departmental ExpenseReport
Salaries 10,000Overhead 8,000Other 5,000Total 23,000
Department Managers
ControllersExecutives
Senior Management
ClientClient
Highest hierarchical level in an SAP Highest hierarchical level in an SAP systemsystem
A complete database containing all A complete database containing all the tables necessary for creating a the tables necessary for creating a fully integrated systemfully integrated system
Master records are created per Master records are created per clientclient
A whole business entity.A whole business entity.
Company Company Consolidated financial statements Consolidated financial statements
are created at the company level are created at the company level A company can include one or A company can include one or
more company codesmore company codes– All company codes must use the All company codes must use the
same chart of accounts and fiscal same chart of accounts and fiscal yearyear
Company CodeCompany Code
A required structureA required structure A legally independent entityA legally independent entity The smallest organizational unit for The smallest organizational unit for
which accounting can be carried outwhich accounting can be carried out The level where business transactions are The level where business transactions are
processed processed The level where accounts are managed The level where accounts are managed The level where legal individual financial The level where legal individual financial
statements, such as the balance sheet and the statements, such as the balance sheet and the profit and loss statement, are createdprofit and loss statement, are created
A COMPANY CODE IS...
A BALANCED SET OF BOOKS
© The Dolphin Group 2002
© Rushmore Educational Services 200284
Purchasing OrganizationsPurchasing Organizations
Organizational unit responsible for the Organizational unit responsible for the procurement of materials and services procurement of materials and services for one or many plants and for for one or many plants and for negotiating prices and terms of delivery negotiating prices and terms of delivery with a vendorwith a vendor
Assignment to plant(s) is mandatoryAssignment to plant(s) is mandatory Assignment to company codes is Assignment to company codes is
possible possible
© The Dolphin Group 2002 © Rushmore Educational Services 2002
82
Purchasing GroupsPurchasing Groups
Is responsible for specified purchasing Is responsible for specified purchasing activitiesactivities
Represents buyer(s)Represents buyer(s)
Used for reportingUsed for reporting
© The Dolphin Group 2002
© Rushmore Educational Services 200278
The PlantThe Plant
Lowest valuation areaLowest valuation area
Organizational level Organizational level
where MRP runswhere MRP runs
Generally used to describe a production Generally used to describe a production site, a distribution center or centralized site, a distribution center or centralized warehousewarehouse
May be a physical or logical unit May be a physical or logical unit
© The Dolphin Group 2002
© Rushmore Educational Services 200279
Storage LocationStorage Location
Subdivision of a plant Subdivision of a plant
Where materials are managed.Where materials are managed.
May be a physical or logical unit. May be a physical or logical unit.
© The Dolphin Group 2002
© Rushmore Educational Services 200280
Warehouse Management
Receiving, identifying and sorting goodsReceiving, identifying and sorting goods
Placing goods into storage binsPlacing goods into storage bins
Taking inventoryTaking inventory
Monitoring and inspecting goods in Monitoring and inspecting goods in storagestorage
Preplanning distribution of materialsPreplanning distribution of materials
Picking and accumulating ordersPicking and accumulating orders
Packaging, loading and shipping goodsPackaging, loading and shipping goods
Master DataMaster Data In SAP master data describes objects In SAP master data describes objects
(items) of a business like accounts, (items) of a business like accounts, materials, services, materials, services, vendors, and vendors, and customers.customers.
The information in a master data record The information in a master data record
usually remains unchanged over an usually remains unchanged over an extended period of time.extended period of time.
Master DataMaster Data
Business rules and supportive Business rules and supportive information are stored in master information are stored in master data records.data records.
Each master data record is unique Each master data record is unique in name or number.in name or number.
Internal or external number ranges Internal or external number ranges are possible.are possible.
Accounts Payable Accounts Payable Master Records - VendorsMaster Records - Vendors
A master record must be created for every vendor
Centralized data for both MM & FI
General data Address Control data Payment transactions
Company code data Account management Payment transactions
Purchasing orgdata Purchasing data Partner functions
Vendor MasterVendor Master
Address screen
Vendor Name
Search Term
Street address, City, Postal code
Country
Language
Telephone, Fax, Data numbers
Address screenAddress screen
Control Control
Payment transactionsPayment transactions
Vendor MasterVendor Master
Account control
Customer
Tax informationTax juris. code
Reference information
Person subject to withholding tax
Address screenAddress screen
Control Control
Payment transactionsPayment transactions
Material MasterMaterial Master
The material group field allows The material group field allows similar materials to be managed similar materials to be managed together.together.
Material group is used in reporting Material group is used in reporting - e.g., LIS -Logistics Information - e.g., LIS -Logistics Information System and for workflow.System and for workflow.
Material MasterMaterial Master
Material master data can be Material master data can be related to all organizational levels. related to all organizational levels. General information of a material General information of a material (description, number, base unit of (description, number, base unit of measure) however has to be measure) however has to be related to the highest level of related to the highest level of organization - the client .organization - the client .
Material Master - ViewsMaterial Master - Views
Basic data Basic data Classification Classification Sales: sales organization dataSales: sales organization data Sales: general/plant dataSales: general/plant data Sales textSales text PurchasingPurchasing Purchase order textPurchase order text ForecastingForecasting
Material Master - ViewsMaterial Master - Views
MRP 1, 2 MRP 1, 2 Work scheduling Work scheduling StorageStorage Warehouse managementWarehouse management Quality managementQuality management AccountingAccounting CostingCosting
Material Type
The material type is used to The material type is used to
categorize materials.categorize materials. Example: raw materials, finished Example: raw materials, finished
goods, trading goods, etc.goods, trading goods, etc. The material type defines the The material type defines the
material attributes, e.g., valuation, material attributes, e.g., valuation, procurement, price controlprocurement, price control
Material TypesMaterial Types
Material TypeMaterial Type
The material type also controls The material type also controls number assignment, field number assignment, field selection, and account selection, and account determination.determination.
Standard material types are used Standard material types are used in all industries. The following in all industries. The following material types come already material types come already designed as a reference. designed as a reference.
Material Type - ExamplesMaterial Type - Examples– ROH - raw materials, purchased ROH - raw materials, purchased
externally externally only, no sales viewonly, no sales view– HAWA - trading goods, always HAWA - trading goods, always
purchased purchased externally, are sold without externally, are sold without any change toany change to
the material, no manufacturing views the material, no manufacturing views existexist
– FERT- finished goods are produced FERT- finished goods are produced internally no purchasing internally no purchasing view existsview exists
Material TypeMaterial Type
Additional material typesAdditional material types::– HIBE: Operating SuppliesHIBE: Operating Supplies– VERP:VERP: Customer returnable Customer returnable
packagingpackaging– LEER:LEER: Empty containersEmpty containers– KMAT: Configurable materialKMAT: Configurable material– ERSA:ERSA: Spare parts Spare parts – DIEN:DIEN: ServicesServices
Material TypeMaterial Type– NLAG:NLAG: Non-stock, non-Non-stock, non-
valuated valuated materialmaterial– UNBW:UNBW: Non-valuated, stocked Non-valuated, stocked
materialmaterial– FHMI: FHMI: Production Production
resources/toolsresources/tools– WETT:WETT: Competitive productsCompetitive products– PROD:PROD: Product groupProduct group– IBAU:IBAU: Maintenance assembly Maintenance assembly
(Plant (Plant Maintenance)Maintenance)
Master Data - Work CenterMaster Data - Work Center
Specific production facility, Specific production facility, consisting of one or more of the consisting of one or more of the
following -following - Equipment (sewing machine)Equipment (sewing machine) Operations (assembly line)Operations (assembly line) People (quality inspectionPeople (quality inspection))
H1 (CA 1000)
A_ _10
Standard Hierarchy
Cost Center Group
Cost Centers
HQ_ _
Sub Headquarter Group
MFG_ _
Sub Manufacturing Group
Cost Center GroupsCost Center Groups
H1000 (Company 1000)
A_ _20
A_ _30
A_ _40
A_ _50
A_ _60
P_ _30
P_ _20
P_ _10
Cost Center GroupsCost Center Groups
Logical groupings of cost centers Facilitates reporting, planning, and
allocating costs
Cost CentersCost Centers
A cost collector or cost bucket A way to identify where the costs were
incurred A department or responsibility center such
as Finance, Accounting, Human Resources Must be assigned to a cost center group in
the standard hierarchy
Cost CentersCost CentersCost centerValid from To
?
?
??
NameDescriptionBasic dataPerson in chargeDepartmentCost center typeHierarchy areaBusiness AreaCurrencyProfit center
NavigationNavigation
Standard Features of Standard Features of NavigationNavigation
Logging On and OffLogging On and Off Screen FeaturesScreen Features NavigationNavigation Working with SessionsWorking with Sessions Entering DataEntering Data On-line Help and System On-line Help and System
MessagesMessages Setting User DefaultsSetting User Defaults
Logon ScreenLogon Screen
UserUser
Enter the name of the SAP user.Enter the name of the SAP user. Users of SAP system are client-Users of SAP system are client-
specific, which means that having specific, which means that having a user identification on one client a user identification on one client will only allow access to that will only allow access to that particular client.particular client.
Password RulesPassword Rules LettersLetters NumbersNumbers Easy to rememberEasy to remember 3-8 Characters long3-8 Characters long No 3 Characters can be the sameNo 3 Characters can be the same Do not start with a ? or an !Do not start with a ? or an ! Do not use previous 5 passwordsDo not use previous 5 passwords
LanguageLanguage
SAP supports multi-national SAP supports multi-national character sets and languages on character sets and languages on the same system, at the same the same system, at the same time.time.
Default languages are English and Default languages are English and German.German.
Easy Access Outline StructureEasy Access Outline Structure
Application Tool-barApplication Tool-bar E
nter
icon
C
omm
and
field
S
ave
icon
Bac
k bu
tton
Exi
t but
ton
Can
cel b
utto
n
Pri
nt b
utto
n
Find
/Exp
and
icon
s
S
crol
l ico
ns
Cre
ate
a ne
w se
ssio
n
Cre
ate
a de
skto
p sh
ortc
ut
Hel
p ic
on
Screen FeaturesScreen Features
Status Bar
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Application Toolbar
Entry Fields
CustomizingDisplay Options
NavigationNavigation
Using menus
Using transaction codes
System > Status
Using /n
Working with multiple sessions
Using /o
Entering DataEntering Data
Types of entry fields
Moving between fields
Radio buttons and check boxes
Possible entry fields
Match-codes
Saving data
Canceling data
Field TypesField Types
There are three types of Entry There are three types of Entry FieldsFields– RequiredRequired– Default entryDefault entry– Optional entry fieldOptional entry field
SAP FieldsSAP Fields
Each field has two partsEach field has two parts
Field Name
Entry Field
Match-codesMatch-codes
Match-codes find recordsMatch-codes find records– MaterialMaterial– VendorsVendors– Cost CentersCost Centers– EquipmentEquipment
SessionsSessions
An SAP session is a window in An SAP session is a window in which the user may perform a which the user may perform a particular task. particular task.
A User may have up to nine A User may have up to nine sessions open at one time.sessions open at one time.
ReportingReporting
Three basic steps to running a Three basic steps to running a reportreport
– Access the reportAccess the report– Enter selection criteriaEnter selection criteria– Execute the reportExecute the report
On-line HelpOn-line Help
Help on screen fields - F1- Extended help- Reference information
- Technical information
Displaying possible entries -
F4 Using the Help menu
- Extended help- R/3 library
- Getting started
System MessagesSystem Messages
E - Error an invalid entry has
been made. The cursor
moves to the field where the
error has occurred.
W -Warning, indicates a
possible error. The user can
continue without changing.
System MessagesSystem Messages
I - Information
A- Abnormal End, indicating
serious system error. Contact
system personnel.
Logging OffLogging Off
Menu Path: System> Logoff
Exit button
Control Box
For security purposes it is important to log off SAP at the end of the day or whenever you leave your PC. Your username is linked with every transaction you perform to provide an audit trail. When reviewing transactions or running reports the user name of the person responsible for entering or maintaining system information is displayed.