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SAP Overview
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SAP?
Company
ERP Software package
R/2
R/3
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Why ERP
Integration
Best business practices
Standardization
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Why not ERP?
Complexity
Cost
Inflexibility
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SAP R/3 System Business Modules
Sales &
Distribution
Materials
Mgmt.
Production
Planning
Financial
Accounting
Controlling
Fixed Assets
Mgmt.
Quality
Mgmt.
Plant
Maintenance
Human
Resources
Workflow
Industry
Solutions
R/3Client / Server
ABAP/4 ProjectSystem
Logistical Financial
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R/3 System: Hardware/Software Views
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Typical Client Server Architectures
Central System
Two - tier
Distributed System
Two - tier
Client/Server
Three - tier
Client/Server
Multi-layer
Cooperative
Client/Server
Presentation Application Database
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Database andApplication
R/3 System Configurations
Central System
SAP
2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled
Presentation
Database,
Application,
Presentation Database
Application
Presentation
InternetTransaction
Service/WebService
In a central R/3 System configuration, one host is responsible for all processing
tasks.
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Database andApplication
R/3 System Configurations
Central Systems
SAP
2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled
Presentation
Database,
Application,
Presentation Database
Application
Presentation
InternetTransaction
Service/WebService
Two-tier R/3 System configurations are usually implemented using special
presentation servers that are responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface.
Many R/3 System users use PCs with Microsoft Windows -installed, for example, as
presentation servers.
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An alternative two-tierconfiguration is to install powerful desktop systems and to use
these for presentation and applications (two-tier client/server). This type of
configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or
for software developers.
Database andApplication
R/3 System Configurations
Central Systems
SAP
2-TierConfiguration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled
Presentation
Database,
Application,
Presentation Database
Application
Presentation
InternetTransaction
Service/WebService
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In a three-tierconfiguration, you use your own host for the three tiers. Using data
from the database server, several different application servers can operate at the same
time. To ensure that the load on individual servers is as even as possible and to
achieve optimal performance, you can use special application servers for individualapplication areas such as sales planning, distribution or financial accounting.
Database andApplication
R/3 System Configurations
Central Systems
SAP
2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled
Presentation
Database,
Application,
Presentation Database
Application
Presentation
InternetTransaction
Service/WebService
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Database andApplication
R/3 System Configurations
Central Systems
SAP
2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled
Presentation
Database,
Application,
Presentation Database
Application
Presentation
InternetTransaction
Service/WebService
To web-enablethe SAP Applications, a Web Server and an ITS (Internet Transaction
Server) are needed. The web-service and the services for the ITS can run on one
server or on two dedicated servers. The presentation in this configuration is provided
by an Internet Browser. The new SAP Web platform is NetWeaver.
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Basis System: Three-Tier Computer Hierarchy
Input / Output
of data to users
Access to Dataase:(Read / Write data)
Central Database(Storage of all data)
Database
Application
Presentation
Processing of data
using application logic
Presentation of the
processed data to
the user
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Client/Server Overview
Client
Server
LAN/WAN
TCP / IP
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Client/Server Overview (Logical Structure)
Presentation
Data Stor age
Appl icat ion
Log ic
Client
Server
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R
W hat does an R /3 D atabase C onta in?
R /3System
database
R epo sitory O bjectsR epo sitory O bjects
C ustom iz ing O bjec tsC ustom iz ing O bjec ts
Cl ientCl ient Cl ientCl ient Cl ientCl ient
G lob al Set ting sG lob al Set ting s
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R
W hat is a C lient?
A c lien t is an autonom ous un i t in the R /3 System w ithregard to com m ercia l law, organization, and d ata .
ClientClient
UserMas
ter
Custo
mizing
Applicatio
n
userrecordsuserauthorization
clien t-dependen tcus tomizingdata
transaction datamas terdata
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Sample SAP System Landscape
Development Testing Production
Database
Servers
Application
Servers
Presentation
Servers
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Object Migration
Program A
Table A
Screen A
Program A
Table A
Screen A
Program A
Table A
Screen A
Development QA Testing ProductionCorrections and Transport
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Object Migration
Program A
Version 1
Program A
Version 2
Program A
Version 3
Program A
Version 1
Program A
Version 2
Program A
Version 3
Originals
Development QA Testing
Corrections
andTransport
?
?
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Geography-based Clients
R/3
America
R/3
Europe
R/3
Japan
America Client 010
Japan Client 030
Europe Client 020
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Client Copies
Configuration
Development
Interface Testing
Quality Assurance
User Training
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ERP: Integration
Integrate people, data and business
processes within and between
organizations.
Collaboration, non-redundancy, consistency
and internal process optimization.
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Procurement ProcessOutline
Agreement
Demand
Purchase
Requisition Vendor
Purchase
OrderGoods Receipt
& Inventory Mgmt.
Accounts
PayableInvoice
Verification
Scheduling
Agreement
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Production Process
Goods Issue Shop Floor
Goods ReceiptOrder Settlement
Schedule/Release
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Sales Process Trading Goods
Customer Order Picking
Goods IssueBillingAccounts Receivable
Packing
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Sales Process Finished Goods
Customer Order
AvailabilityCheck
Goods Issue
BillingPartial PaymentFinal Payment
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Sales Process Finished Goods
Customer Order
Availability Check
- Insufficient -
IndependentDemand
MRP Run
Production
Scheduling
Purchasing
Dependent
Demand
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Process Flow
Goods Issue
to Shop Floor
Goods
ReceiptProduction
Goods IssueBillingAccounts Receivable
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Logging In
Basics
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Client
This is a numeric field.
This number defines a whole business
entity.
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User
Every SAP user has a user name.
Users of SAP system are client-specific,which means that having a user
identification on one client will only allow
access to that particular client.
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Password Rules
Letters Numbers
Easy to remember
3-8 Characters long
No 3 Characters can be the same
Do not start with a ? or an !
Do not use previous 5 passwords
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Language
SAP supports multi-national character sets
and languages on the same system, at the
same time.
Default languages are English and
German.
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Field Types
There are three types of Entry Fields
Required
Default entry
Optional entry field
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Sessions
An SAP session is a window in which the
user may perform a particular task.
A User may have up to nine sessions
open at one time.
SAP R/3 Resource Management: The Dispatcher
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SAP R/3 Resource Management: The Dispatcher
Data base
Application
Presentation
BuffersWorkProcess
Work
Process
Work
Process
Dispatcher
SAP GUI
Communicat ions
SAP R/3 Resource Management: Data Flow
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SAP Memory Buffer
Relat ion al database system
SAP GUI
SAP R/3 Resource Management: Data Flow
Data base
Application
Presentation
Work
Process
Dispatcher
Terminal
Process
Request queues
1
3
2
4
5
6
7
Roll
Page
SAP R/3 Resource Management: Work Processes
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SAP Dispatcher
SAP R/3 Resource Management: Work Processes
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1
1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 16 1 7 1 8
19 20 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5
26 27 2 8 2 9 3 0 31
1999
Background Jobs
Spool
Enqueue
Dialog UpdateMessage
Sold to party : C100
ItemMaterial Qty10 6301 10
20 6412 1030 1507 25
O r d e r
Sold to party : C100
ItemMaterial Qty10 6301 1020 6412 10
30 1507 25
O r d e r
Sold to party : C100
ItemMaterial Qty10 6301 10
20 6412 1030 1507 25
O r d e r
Sold to party : C100
ItemMaterial Qty10 6301 1020 6412 10
30 1507 25
O r d e r
M
Gateway
R/2
R/3
G
A
B
C
SAP R/3 Resource Management:
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S /3 esou ce a age e t
Lock Management by the Enqueue Work Process
WorkProcess
Update
WorkProcess
Enqueue
Dispatcher
Work
Process
Update
Work
Process
Enqueue
Dispatcher
Lock table in
main storage
Message
Server
Instance A
Instance B
SAP R/3 Resource Management: R/3 Instance
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SAP R/3 Resource Management: R/3 Instance
Dialog . . . . Update Spool Back-ground Enqueue
Dispatcher
Database
Instance Message
Server
SAP
Gateway
Instance Profiles
(parameters)
SAP Buffers
Start
or
Stop
SAP R/3 Resource Management: Distributed SAP R/3 Processing
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SAP R/3 Resource Management: Distributed SAP R/3 Processing
Dialog Update Enqueue Spool
Dispatcher
Mess-
age
Gate-
way
Instanc e 01
Enqueue Dialog . . .
Dispatcher
Instanc e 02
DialogBack-
groundEnqueue
Dispatcher
Instanc e 03
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System Messages
E - Error
An invalid entry has been made.
The cursor moves to the field where the
error has occurred.
W - Warning
A possible error has been made.
The user can continue without changing.
I Information
Feedback from the system.
Customizing Modeling the Business
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Customizing - Modeling the Business
Organizational Structures in each module
Master Data - Customers, Materials,
Rules - required entries, tolerances,
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Mapping
Assignment of organizational structures
to reflect the enterprise model
Establishes integration among modules