SCIENTISTS VIEW GENOME AS IT
TURNS ON AND OFF INSIDE CELLS AND
LIGHT SHED ON RNA 'ON/OFF
SWITCHES'
SILVANA ZAPATA MADRID
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
MEDICINE STUDENT
III SEMESTER
UPB
INTRODUCTION
biochemical techniques with new,
fast DNA-sequencing technology and
advanced computer technology are
using for know how a cell converts
DNA into RNA .
Structural and Molecular Biology
recently discovered RNA
"riboswitches" are capable of more
complex functions than originally
thought the study may have
implications for designing new
antibiotics against harmful bacteria.
SCIENTISTS VIEW GENOME AS IT TURNS ON
AND OFF INSIDE CELLS.
SCIENCEDAILY (JAN. 20, 2011)
SCIENTISTS VIEW GENOME AS IT TURNS ON AND
OFF INSIDE CELLS
By combining biochemical techniques with new, fast DNA-
sequencing technology examine with unprecedented
resolution how a cell converts DNA into RNA.
The main way the genome is "read" in a cell is through its
transcription into RNA "The genome is the hard drive of
the cell"
majority of DNA is transcribed. Much of the product is still
considered "junk RNA" -- simply a byproduct of the
process.
SCIENTISTS VIEW GENOME AS IT TURNS ON AND
OFF INSIDE CELLS
The research focused on DNA transcription in baker's yeast.
Nucleosomes are grape-like structures formed by strands
of DNA wrapped like vines around histone proteins, and
serve to organize enormously long DNA molecules.
Histone proteins retain a history of what has happened
recently in that part of the gene code and a "plan" for what
should happen in the future.
SCIENTISTS VIEW GENOME AS IT TURNS ON AND
OFF INSIDE CELLS
Polymerase comes in direct contact with the histone proteins
during the transcription process.
The nucleosomes acted as a speed bump for the polymerase
enzyme as it moved along the genome transcribing DNA into RNA
The organization of histone marks controlled whether "junk
RNA" was produced from a given region of DNA.
I think we should do more
research on how genes are
activated and the process from
this search for a technique to
resolve errors that may be
committed in the transcript.
LIGHT SHED ON RNA 'ON/OFF SWITCHES'
SCIENCEDAILY (FEB. 14, 2011)
LIGHT SHED ON RNA 'ON/OFF SWITCHES'
riboswitches are short stretches of RNA that reside within the
messenger RNAs of proteins involved in a cell's metabolism.
This particular riboswitch resides in the messenger RNA that
carries instructions for the enzyme responsible for the
production of glucosamine-6-phosphate, called GlmS.
when glucosamine-6-phosphate concentrations are low, the
glmS riboswitch does not self-destruct, keeping the
messenger RNA functioning
LIGHT SHED ON RNA 'ON/OFF SWITCHES
When a particular protein is needed by the cell, the corresponding
gene, made of DNA, is turned "on," or transcribed into a messenger
RNA, which then carries the "protein recipe" to the protein-making
machinery of the cell.
Riboswitches are short stretches of RNA that reside within the
messenger RNAs of proteins involved in a cell's metabolism.
Riboswitch can incorporate signals from many metabolites at once.
LIGHT SHED ON RNA 'ON/OFF SWITCHES
Binding glucosamine-6-phosphate induces self-
destruction of the riboswitch and turns the glmS gene
off.
Are the new shapes act to prevent the transcription of
messenger RNA or translation of messenger RNA into
protein.
Riboswitches have not yet been found in humans
OBSERVATION
SCIENTISTS VIEW GENOME AS IT TURNS ON AND OFF
INSIDE CELLS
The advance enables researchers to make
sense of the vast amounts of data
generated by the Human Genome Project
and the multiple genome sequencing
efforts worldwide, while providing new
tools for studying basic processes like the
reprogramming of stem cells
LIGHT SHED ON RNA 'ON/OFF SWITCHES
Riboswitches so far have been
found primarily in bacteria, the
study may have implications for
designing new antibiotics against
harmful bacteria.
SCIENTISTS VIEW GENOME AS IT TURNS ON AND LIGHT
SHED ON RNA 'ON/OFF SWITCHES
The splicing are associated with the
molecular pathology of a large
number of human diseases. At the
same time, manipulation of pre-
mRNA splicing provides opportunities
for therapeutic intervention. Has
great importance in the process of
creation of new antibiotics and the
human genome project.
MARTINES S., Lina María. Biología Molecular. 6.ed. Medellín : UPB, 2011. 111p.
Scientists View Genome as It Turns on and Off Inside Cells. [ en línea ]. <Disponible
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110119141723.htm
Light Shed on RNA 'on/Off Switches‘. [ en línea ]. <Disponible
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110213162729.htm
THANKS …