SDH AND PDH OVERVIEW
MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION
USE OF MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION
LOS
TYPES OF MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION
STANDARD MULTIPLEXING HIERARCHIES
SDH(Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)
PDH(Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy)
WHAT IS SDH ?
SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) is a standard for telecommunications transport formulated by the International Telecommunication Union(ITU), previously called the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT).
SDH is also defined for use on radio relay links, satellite links, and at electrical interfaces between equipment.
SDH was first introduced into the telecommunications network in 1992
SDH
SDH Rates
SDH is a transport hierarchy based on multiples of 155.52Mbit/s
The basic unit of SDH is STM-1:
STM-1 = 155.52 Mbit/sSTM-4 = 622.08 Mbit/sSTM-16 = 2588.32 Mbit/sSTM-64 = 9953.28 Mbit/s
Each rate is an exact multiple of the lower rate therefore the hierarchy is synchronous.
THE STM FRAME
PROCEDURE FOR SDH LINK
IF CABLE
OFC
SDH
MUX
SDH RACK
NOC receives the break then we conclude E1 is dumped
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
AMERICAN STANDARD
PDH
PDH EQUIPMENT
PROCEDURE FOR PDH LINK
PROBLEM WITH PDH