Instead of using just primaryInstead of using just primary
arrivals, you also use the multiples for a wider & more complete viewarrivals, you also use the multiples for a wider & more complete view
Seismic InterferometrySeismic Interferometry
Gerard SchusterGerard Schuster
University of UtahUniversity of Utah
Overview of Seismic Interferomtery Overview of Seismic Interferomtery Short CourseShort Course
Instead of using just primaryInstead of using just primary
arrivals, you also use the multiples for a wider visionarrivals, you also use the multiples for a wider vision
Small vs Huge IlluminationSmall vs Huge IlluminationPrimary reflectionsPrimary reflections Multiple reflectionsMultiple reflections
Overview of Seismic Interferomtery Overview of Seismic Interferomtery Short CourseShort Course
Instead of using just primaryInstead of using just primary
arrivals, you also use the multiples for a arrivals, you also use the multiples for a wider wider visionvision
Redatum sources below overburdenRedatum sources below overburdenLocal VSP migrationLocal VSP migration
clearerclearer
Overview of Seismic Interferomtery Overview of Seismic Interferomtery Short CourseShort Course
Instead of using just primaryInstead of using just primary
arrivals, you also use the multiples for a arrivals, you also use the multiples for a wider wider visionvision
Data ExtrapolationData Extrapolation
clearerclearer
Overview of Seismic Interferomtery Overview of Seismic Interferomtery Short CourseShort Course
Instead of using just primaryInstead of using just primary
arrivals, you also use the multiples for a arrivals, you also use the multiples for a wider wider visionvision
clearerclearer
Monitoring 4DMonitoring 4D
Hydrofrac locationHydrofrac location
Goal:Goal: Learn Principles and Algorithms in Learn Principles and Algorithms in Seismic Interferometry Seismic Interferometry
Format MorningsFormat Mornings: Lecture 50 minutes, followed : Lecture 50 minutes, followed by exercise or MATLAB lab. by exercise or MATLAB lab.
Format AfternoonFormat Afternoon: MATLAB labs+discussion. : MATLAB labs+discussion.
TopicsTopics: Deterministic interferometry, stochastic : Deterministic interferometry, stochastic interferometry, 3x3 classification matrix, interferometry, 3x3 classification matrix, reciprocity theorems, applications to VSP, reciprocity theorems, applications to VSP, SSP, OBS, and Xwell data. SSP, OBS, and Xwell data.
What is Seismic Interferometry?What is Seismic Interferometry?
Answer: Correlation and summation of trace pairs andAnswer: Correlation and summation of trace pairs and
stacking the result for different shot positions stacking the result for different shot positions
= G(= G(BB||BB))
BB
xx
AG(A|B)
BB
G(G(BB||xx)) G(G(BB||xx))** Point Source Response
with src at B and rec at B
Phase of Common Raypath CancelsPhase of Common Raypath CancelsAssume a VSP experimentAssume a VSP experiment
direct reflection
iiee
xxBB+ + BBzz zzBBiiee
xxBB iiee
BBzz zzBB=
zz
VSP => SSPVSP => SSP
What is Seismic Interferometry?What is Seismic Interferometry?
Answer: Correlation and summation of trace pairs andAnswer: Correlation and summation of trace pairs and
stacking the result for different shot positions stacking the result for different shot positions
= G(= G(BB||BB))
BB
xx
AG(A|B)
BB
**
direct reflection
iiee
xxBB+ + BBzz zzBBiiee
xxBB iiee
BBzz zzBB=
zz
VSP => SSPVSP => SSP
xx
Point Source Response
with src at A and rec at B
Phase of Common Raypath CancelsPhase of Common Raypath Cancels
-
x
G(G(BB||xx)) G(G(BB||xx))*
What is Seismic Interferometry?What is Seismic Interferometry?
Answer: Correlation and summation of trace pairs andAnswer: Correlation and summation of trace pairs and
stacking the result for different shot positions stacking the result for different shot positions
= G(= G(BB||BB))
BB
xx
AG(A|B)
BB
**
direct reflection
iiee
xxBB+ + BBzz zzBBiiee
xxBB iiee
BBzz zzBB=
zz
VSP => SSPVSP => SSP
xx
x
G(G(BB||xx)) G(G(BB||xx)) Point Source Response
with src at A and rec at B
Do Not Need to Know Source Location!Do Not Need to Know Source Location!
No Need to know Source Initiation Time!No Need to know Source Initiation Time!
Phase of Common Raypath CancelsPhase of Common Raypath Cancels
Reciprocity Correlation EquationReciprocity Correlation Equation2D Reflection Data2D Reflection Data
x= G(= G(AA||BB)) G(G(x|x|BB)*)* G(G(x|x|AA)) k
Phase of Common Raypath CancelsPhase of Common Raypath Cancels
xx xx
AAAABB
VSPVSPVSPVSP SSPSSP
BB AA
Old Multiples Become
New Primaries!
Stellar InterferometryStellar InterferometryAn astronomical interferometer is an array of telescopes or mirror An astronomical interferometer is an array of telescopes or mirror
segments acting together to probe structures with higher resolution. segments acting together to probe structures with higher resolution.
stellar interferometry, a team of French astronomers has captured one of the sharpest color images ever made. They observed the star T Leporis stellar interferometry, a team of French astronomers has captured one of the sharpest color images ever made. They observed the star T Leporis
with the European Southern Observatory's with the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI; Cerro Paranal, Chile), which emulates a virtual telescope (VLTI; Cerro Paranal, Chile), which emulates a virtual telescope
about 100 meters across, and which revealed a spherical molecular shell around the aged star. about 100 meters across, and which revealed a spherical molecular shell around the aged star.
Instead of using just primaryInstead of using just primary
arrivals, you also use the multiples for a wider visionarrivals, you also use the multiples for a wider vision
Small vs Huge IlluminationSmall vs Huge IlluminationPrimary reflectionsPrimary reflections Multiple reflectionsMultiple reflections
Standard VSP ImagingStandard VSP Imaging Interferometric VSP ImagingInterferometric VSP Imaging
Standard VSP vs Interferometric VSP ImagingStandard VSP vs Interferometric VSP Imaging
Interferometry ApplicationsInterferometry Applications
1. VSP -> SSP : 1. VSP -> SSP :
2. VSP -> SWP : 2. VSP -> SWP :
Small vs Huge IlluminationSmall vs Huge Illumination
Redatum sources below overburdenRedatum sources below overburden
Local VSP migrationLocal VSP migration
Interferometry ApplicationsInterferometry Applications
3. SSP -> SSP : 3. SSP -> SSP :
4. OBS-> OBS : 4. OBS-> OBS :
InterpolationInterpolation
ExtrapolationExtrapolation
5. Source estimation5. Source estimation
Interferometry ApplicationsInterferometry Applications
6. Passive Imaging:6. Passive Imaging:
7. Source Location 7. Source Location
Monitoring 4DMonitoring 4D
Monitoring EORMonitoring EOR
SELECTIVE HISTORY SEISMIC INTERFEROMETRYSELECTIVE HISTORY SEISMIC INTERFEROMETRY
1968 1968 Claerbout V(z)+passiveClaerbout V(z)+passive
1980s1980s Cole+Claerbout V(,x,y,z)+passive?Cole+Claerbout V(,x,y,z)+passive?
1990s1990s Scherbaum earthquake V(z)+passiveScherbaum earthquake V(z)+passive
20012001 Utah Stationary Phase Theory, SSP, and VSPUtah Stationary Phase Theory, SSP, and VSPSeismic Interferomtery, deterministicSeismic Interferomtery, deterministic
2003-042003-04 Wapenaar Recip. Thm. Correlation TypeWapenaar Recip. Thm. Correlation TypeShell Virtual SourcesShell Virtual SourcesSnieder Stationary Phase RedatumingSnieder Stationary Phase RedatumingGestoft + others Surface Wave InterferometryGestoft + others Surface Wave Interferometry
x~ G(~ G(AA||BB)) G(G(AA||xx)*)* G(G(BB||xx))
19991999 Rickett+Claerbout V(z) HelioseismolgyRickett+Claerbout V(z) HelioseismolgyDaylight ImagingDaylight Imaging , passive, passive