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Human Geography
By James Rubenstein
Chapter 11Key Issue 2Where is industry
distributed?
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3/4th of world’s industrial power is concentrated in four
regions.Eastern North AmericaNorthwestern Europe
Eastern EuropeEast Asia
Less than 1% of Earth’s surface is devoted to industry.
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North America5% the land area contains 1/3rd of the
population and nearly 1/3rds of the manufacturing output.
Early settlement gave the east coast, the Great Lakes, and major rivers the
advantage in becoming the dominant regions.
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Clusters of Manufacturing
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Major manufactur
ing is highly
clustered in several regions
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New EnglandThe oldest industrial
region.It began with the textile
industry, using cotton grown in the U.S..
Known today for its skilled, but expensive labor.
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Middle AtlanticBetween New York City and
Washington.Industries dependent on imported
raw materials located near ports.
Financial, communication, and entertainment industries located
in New York City.
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Mohawk ValleyAn industrial belt located along the Hudson River and Erie Canal connecting New York City with
the Great Lakes.Niagara Falls generated electricity that attracted
aluminum, paper, and electrochemical industries.
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Pittsburgh-Lake Erie
Steel manufacturing located in region due to
proximity of coal and iron, and
the rivers and Lake Erie that offered easy
transportation of iron ore.
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Western Great Lakes
Chicago, Illinois was the hub of the nation’s transportation
network between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.
Automobile manufactures and other industries located there
to take advantage of the transportation.
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St. Lawrence Valley-Ontario PeninsulaCentrality to Canadian
markets, proximity to the Great Lakes, and access to
hydroelectric power of Niagara Falls.
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Changing Distribution of U.S.
ManufacturingManufacturing has declined in the Northeast and grown
in the South and West.The Gulf Coast has become important due to access to
oil and natural gas.
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Right-to-work States
A U.S. state that has passed a law preventing a union and company from
negotiating a contract that requires workers to
join a union as a condition of employment.
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The West Coast Los Angeles is country’s largest
clothing production region. San Diego has attracted industries
that support naval operations. Silicon Valley south of San
Francisco is source of production of computers and semiconductors.
Seattle is home of Boeing and Microsoft.
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Manufacturing in Urban Areas
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Western European Industrial RegionsRhine-Ruhr (Belgium to
Germany)Mid-Rhine (France and
Germany)United KingdomNorthern Italy
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Manufacturing Centers of
Western Europe
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Rhine-Ruhr ValleyWestern Europe’s most
important industrial area.Between two rivers, near
large coal fields.Rotterdam, located at the mouth of the Rhine, is the
world’s largest port.
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Mid-RhineWestern Europe’s second most important industrial
area.Center of important consumer markets.
Luxembourg is among world’s leading steel producers.
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United KingdomWhere Industrial Revolution
began.Offset outmoded factories,
by developing high-tech industries.
Newer industries located near Chunnel.
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Northern ItalyLocated in the Po River Basin.Large inexpensive labor, and
cheap hydroelectric power.Raw-material processors and
mechanical-parts assemblers.
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Eastern European Regions
Central District (around Moscow)St. Petersburg District
Eastern Ukraine DistrictThe Volga DistrictThe Urals DistrictKuznetsk District
Selesia
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Manufacturing Centers
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Central Industrial District
Russia’s oldest region.With under-abundance of
natural resources, produces 1/4th of industrial output.
Products tend to be high-value relative to their bulk.
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St. Petersburg Industrial DistrictEastern Europe’s second
largest city.Proximity to Baltic Sea, stimulates shipbuilding
industry.
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Eastern Ukraine Industrial District
Contains one of the world’s largest coal reserves and large deposits of iron ore, manganese, and natural
gas.
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The Volga Industrial District
Between the Volga and Kama Rivers.
Russia’s largest petroleum and natural gas fields.
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The Urals Industrial District
Contains more than 1,000 types of minerals.
Industrial development hindered by lack of nearby
energy sources.
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Kuznetsk Industrial District
Most important district east of Urals.
Country’s largest reserves of coal and abundant
supply of iron ore.
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SilesiaSouthern Poland, and
northern Czech Republic.Abundant supply of coal,
but iron ore must be imported for its steel
industry.
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East AsiaJapan is one of the world’s
wealthiest countries.China has the world’s 2nd
largest economies.South Korea and Taiwan are important industrial
powers.
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Manufacturing Centers in East Asia
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JapanShortage of natural
resources, but has highly trained and motivated labor
pool.The world’s leading
manufacturer of automobiles.
A leader in electronics.
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ChinaA large domestic market,
and cheap labor have attracted foreign
industrial investment.Leading exporter of clothing to the U.S.