A
BH
Settling Zone
EFFECT OF PARTICLE AGGLOMERATION ON SETTLING
Figure by MIT OCW.
EFFECT OF TURBULENT DIFFUSION ON SETTLING
Figure by MIT OCW.
Adapted from: Camp, T. R. "Studies of Sedimentation Basin Design." Sewage and Industrial Wastes
25, no. 1 (1953): 1-12.
Adapted from: Camp, T. R. "Studies of Sedimentation Basin Design." Sewage and Industrial Wastes
25, no. 1 (1953): 1-12.
Siphon
Cock
Sample of
suspension
Portion for
concentration test Sam
ple o
f Susp
ensio
n
Sludge
1
2
3
4
5
h5
h2
Const
ant
Tem
per
ature
wat
er b
ath
Apparatus For Quiescent Settling Analyses
Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from Camp, T. R., 1946. Sedimentation and the
design of settling tanks. Transactions ASCE. Vol. 111, Pg. 895-936.
∆h1
∆h2
∆h3
∆h4
h4
h3
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5
R5 R4 R3 R2
R1
h2
h1
h5
40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
TIME
DE
PT
H
0.5 m
150 mm
Isopercent Removal Curves
Sampling Ports
Figure by MIT OCW.
Adapted from: G. Tchobanoglous, F. L. Burton, and H. D. Stensel. Wastewater Engineering:
Treatment and Reuse. 4th ed. Metcalf & Eddy Inc., New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2003, p. 369.
Figure by MIT OCW.
Adapted from: MWH, J. C. Crittenden, R. R. Trussell, D. W. Hand, K. J. Howe, and G. Tchobanoglous.
Water Treatment: Principles and Design. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, p. 781.
Sludge
SludgeScum Scum
Scum box
Chains
Chains
Skimmer
Skimmer
Scraper board
Scraper board
Influent
Sludge hoppers
Sludge hoppers
Drive motor
Drive
Influent
Sprockets
B
A
Longitudinal Section
Plan
WS
Drawoff
Drawoff
Effluent
Effluent
Effluent troughs
RECTANGULAR SETTLING TANK
Figure by MIT OCW.
Adapted from: Reynolds, T. D., and P. A. Richards. Unit Operations and Processes in Environmental
Engineering. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: PWS Publishing Company, 1996, p. 249. ISBN: 0534948847.
Clarifier
Corner
blade
Corner blade
Guide
plate
Chain
Influent
channel
Influent pipe
channel
Blades
Counter weight
Drive Unit
Cage Blade Rake arm
Flocculator
Flash mixer
Chamber
Paddle
ChainDry well
Sprocket
Gear
motor
Sheaves
Sludge pocket
PLAN
Walk way
Effluent pipe
Effluent
Weir
Baffle
Stuffing box
Rake armConcrete pier
Handrail
Influent pipe
Flow
Cage
Flocculator & square sedimentation tank for water clarification, illustrating ceoss-flowoperation.
Top of tank Diffuser
Water level
Baffle
Sludge discharge pipe
Turntable
Figure by MIT OCW.
Adapted from: Droste, R. L. Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment.
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
Rotation
Flume
Flocculation Skirt
Bridge
Collection trough
orifaces
Settling zoneSettling zone
Inlet port
Flocculation zone
Mixer
Collection Trough
Scraper Arm
Effluent
Effluent flume with submerged
Water level
Flocculator-clarifier provides mixing, flocculation, & sedimentation in a compartmented concentric circular tank.
Figure by MIT OCW.
Adapted from: Droste, R. L. Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
Figure by MIT OCW.
Adapted from: Droste, R. L. Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment.
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
Figure by MIT OCW.
Adapted from: Binnie, C., M. Kimber, and G. Smethurst. Basic Water Treatment. 3rd ed.
Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002.
Figure by MIT OCW.Adapted from : Schulz, C. R., and D. A. Okun. Surface Water Treatement for Communities in Developing Countries.Intermediate Technology Publications, London, UK.
Settl
ing
Bas
ins
Hydraulic
Chemical Room
Parshall Flume
Tapered Horizontal-Flow Flocculator at a plant in Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Flocculator
Alum Tanks