Shop 2, 161 New South Head Road, Edgecliff, NSW 2027 Australia
P + 61 2 9326 2211 F + 61 2 9326 2277 www.sbdi.com.au [email protected]
Nat. Prov. No 91192 / CRICOS No 02725B
© 2016 SBDI All rights reserved
SHBBHRS001
Provide Waxing Services Learner Guide
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Learner Guide SHBBHRS001
This work is Copyright© of:
Fuss Education Pty Ltd
Shop 2/161 New South Head Road
Edgecliff NSW 2027
Created for the delivery of Vocational Education within Sydney Beauty & Dermal
Institute, RTO 91192, CRICOS 02725B
Resources have been created by Fuss Education Pty Ltd to support the SHB Hair
and Beauty Training package and are from a collection of professional, industry
representatives and resources, and reasonable effort has been made to ensure
that the material is accurate and current. Author/s takes no responsibility for act or
omission as a result of learning. Copying, reproducing, transmission or alterations
are not permitted and a license will not be granted.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 4
APPLICATION ...................................................................................... 4
FOUNDATION SKILLS ........................................................................... 5
ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA ......................................... 6
KNOWLEDGE SUPPORT MATERIAL ......................................................... 8
SECTION 1 - ESTABLISH CLIENT PRIORITIES ....................................... 13
SECTION 2 - PREPARE FOR WAXING SERVICE ................................. 22
SECTION 3 - APPLY WAX TO WAXING AREA ................................... 26
STRIP WAX APPLICATION AND REMOVAL ....................................... 32
HOT WAX APPLICATION AND REMOVAL ......................................... 33
TWEEZING PROCEDURE ..................................................................... 34
SECTION 4 - REVIEW WAXING SERVICE AND PROVIDE POST
SERVICE ADVICE ............................................................................... 51
SECTION 5 - CLEAN SERVICE AREA ................................................. 56
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INTRODUCTION
This book is designed to provide a theory and assessment framework to support the
gathering of suitable evidence to prove competency in the unit.
The resource is designed for self-paced learning, as well as, distance education
settings, in a classroom or workshop setting. It is more than capable of supporting
new learners entering the industry, as well as experienced workers seeking to up-skill;
transfer to a new industry or to obtain formal qualifications.
At the completion of the learning, the Learners shall be able to demonstrate or
provide evidence of competency and understanding of the following:
Problem solving
Counselling processes and methods
Respect for client strengths or particular needs
Capacity to maintain and critique realistic limits for agency service and client
expectations
SHBBHRS001 PROVIDE WAXING SERVICES
APPLICATION
This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge required to
provide waxing services to remove unwanted facial and body hair.
It requires the ability to consult with clients to select suitable wax products to provide
waxing services. The waxing service can be a single service or form part of a series of
services.
This unit applies to beauticians and beauty therapists who work in beauty or hair
removal salons, in this environment they work as part of a team and make
independent decisions within a defined range.
No occupational licensing, certification or specific legislative requirements apply to
this unit at the time of publication.
This learner guide includes:
Establish client priorities
Prepare for waxing service
Apply wax to waxing area
Review waxing service and provide post service advice
Clean service area
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FOUNDATION SKILLS
Foundation skills essential to performance in this unit, but not explicit in the
performance criteria are listed here, along with a brief context statement.
Reading skills to: Interpret, and follow manufacturer instructions
and safety data sheets for safe use of cleaning
and treatment products and equipment
Numeracy skills to:
Calculate treatment times, product quantities
and price of treatment
Technology skills to:
Use client software to update client notes,
rebook future treatments, record stock data
and product purchases
Safely use and maintain electrical equipment
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ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENTS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Elements describe
the essential
outcomes.
Performance criteria describe the performance needed to
demonstrate achievement of the element.
1. Establish client
priorities
Access and review client treatment plan if available.
Confirm with client waxing requirements and areas of skin
and hair growth requiring treatment.
Identify contraindications to waxing service, and refer
client to appropriate professional as required.
Explain treatment sequence and factor that may restrict
treatment.
Confirm revised treatment plan, record updates and
obtain client consent
2. Prepare for
waxing service
Prepare service area, equipment and self
Select waxing products according to plan
Ensure own posture and position to minimise fatigue and
risk of injury to self and client throughout waxing service.
Prepare client, clean and prepare skin area to be waxed.
Use energy, water and other resources efficiently during
preparation and subsequent treatment process.
3. Apply wax to
waxing area
Test wax temperature, adjust as required and maintain for
the duration of waxing service.
Apply and remove hot or strip wax to remove unwanted
hair.
Ensure all wax product is removed from skin and use
tweezers to remove remaining unwanted hair as required.
Ensure maximum client comfort and modesty throughout
waxing service.
Monitor client reactions and responses and adjust waxing
service as required.
Apply aftercare product to minimise any post treatment
skin reactions.
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ELEMENTS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
4. Review waxing
service and
provide post
service advice
Evaluate waxing service with client.
Record outcomes on client treatment plan for future
referral.
Provide aftercare advice and recommend products and
future services.
Update treatment plan as required.
5. Clean service
area
Clean service area, equipment and surfaces according
to organisational policies and procedures.
Replenish service area in preparation for next service.
Dispose of general waste, waste hair and wax to minimise
negative environmental impacts according to
organisational policies and procedures.
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KNOWLEDGE SUPPORT MATERIAL
State or territory and local health, hygiene and skin penetration regulations
and requirements relevant to the provision of waxing services
Within Australia and each State and Territory there is legislation that applies to
practitioners working in the beauty industry and directs the infection control
procedures for all services. The aim of this legislation is to protect you and your client
by preventing cross infection and controlling the spread of disease. Each state has
developed a set of health guidelines based on the legislation to guide infection
control in a salon setting.
The skin penetration guidelines are additional and apply to any service where there
is a risk of breaking the skin or drawing blood. Skin penetration guidelines apply to
beauty services as there is a risk that blood can be drawn in some treatments.
So why do we have such detailed regulations and guidelines covering this industry?
Infections can be spread between the client and operator, and from client to client,
from you to other employees of the salon and even from you to your family and
friends. Most people that visit your salon will be free of diseases, some will
unknowingly have come into contact with a contagious condition and in rare cases
they may know that they have a contagious condition but hope that you will
proceed with the service anyway. If you follow the recommended procedures.
Organisational policies and procedures relevant to waxing services
Equipment use and maintenance
As with all beauty services, it is important that the area for service is well prepared
and organised before the client arrives and the service begins. Waxing services may
be performed in a variety of places and are often provided as an additional service
in hair and laser clinics or can be a business that is dedicated solely to facial
treatments.
You may work in a salon where you simply need to ensure all the equipment and
materials are available and the service area is clean. Alternatively, you may be
expected to set up a service area in a new salon. The following is a list of what you
would need to take into account if you were setting up a new salon service area.
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Some suggested equipment includes
TOOLS LINEN EQUIPMENT
Wax Client gown Purpose built couch
Applicators / Spatulas Clean towels Trolley
Gloves Disposable sheeting Wax pots
Tweezers Hand mirror
Scissors Rubbish container
Talcum powder Rubbish bin with lid
Non-woven strips Maggi lamp
Cleanser or pre-
treatment product
Post treatment product
Cotton
Waxing tissue
Alcohol swabs
All necessary equipment and materials must be prepared and maintained
according to health requirements, manufacturers’ instructions and workplace
policies and procedures. The work area must be cleaned and waste disposed of
after each client service. It is important to become familiar with the tools of the
trade including furniture, tools, skincare products, machinery and cosmetics.
A clean, tidy workplace is essential for good health and safety. A dirty workplace
can result in slips and falls which may cause injury. More importantly, it can also
contribute to infection by providing an unhygienic environment where micro-
organisms can thrive.
Incident reporting
If you are an employee, you should report immediately to your supervisor the nature
of the incident and complete an Incident Report form which should include:
the date and time of exposure,
how the incident occurred and
the name of the source individual, if you know it
If you are the owner, manager or an employee, you should report the incident to
your doctor or the Accident and Emergency Casualty Department at the nearest
hospital.
Linen use and laundry procedures
Linen used in premises where skin penetration procedures are undertaken shall be
Stored to prevent contamination
Only fresh, clean linen shall be used on each client
Used, dirty or soiled linen shall be stored in a suitable receptacle
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Household laundering procedures are adequate for processing all soiled linen
Hands shall be dried thoroughly using disposable paper towels
Clean the surface that has been contaminated with detergent and water
using disposable wipes or paper towels
Disposable items must be used where possible
Personal hygiene and presentation
Another important part of preparation is your personal presentation which should
create a professional image. A clean and neat appearance and high standards of
personal hygiene are critical. Clients may be put off by a general lack of cleanliness
or signs of body odour which they can detect because of close contact with you.
As you are performing facial treatments clients will expect that your skin, hands and
nails are representative of the sort of care that you take and the services that you
are selling. The condition and presentation of you as a therapist are excellent
advertisements for the services of the salon.
Presentation of treatment area
When in a workplace, it is common to be asked to perform a variety of procedures,
your station should be stocked with a wide assortment of necessary tools and
supplies arranged to conform to your work habits. Since you spend so much time in
one small area, each element of your compact module should be efficient, clean
and comfortable, both for you and your clients.
Adequate lighting is essential to any job requiring visual precision. Your lighting
source should illuminate your work directly, without either getting in your way or
causing an uncomfortable glare. An adjustable lamp can be used as a moveable
heat source to help accelerate oil or cream absorption, as well.
Your chair should have ample low back support
to comfortably encourage good posture. Your
station should be neatly arranged, with tools and
supplies easily accessible. Provide each client
with a clean gown and headband, and make
sure that you have a wastebasket handy for
immediate disposal of used supplies.
Waste disposal
Waste should be disposed of in an enclosed
waste bin fitted with a plastic line, durable
enough to resist tearing. The bin should be
regularly disinfected in a well ventilated area.
Clinical waste (contaminated waste) are items
such as cotton wool, sponges, tissues plus other
materials, that have come into contact with
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blood and bodily fluids. These items should be disposed of immediately to prevent
contamination of other clean items and protection for both the therapist and client.
Categorised waste:
Biohazardous bin – for clinical and contaminated waste
Sharps container – for single-use sharp instruments that are used to penetrate
the skin, such as needles & razors
Recycle bin – for anything that may be recycled, such as paper, plastic
bottles and aluminium
General waste – for all other waste
Work health and safety
The Work Health and Safety Act 2011 is the main piece of legislation affecting WHS
issues. It clearly communicates the minimum standards of health, safety and welfare
required in each area of the workplace. It is the employers legal responsibility to
implement the Act and to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health
and safety at work of the people whom they are responsible and those who may be
affected by the work they do.
There is a WHS regulatory authority for every state and territory of Australia. The local
authority appoints workplace inspectors to enforce health and safety law by visiting
the workplace to check compliance is being met with all health and safety
legislation. Every business is required to have a health and safety representative
(HSR) available to provide advice and guidance and gather relevant data in
relation to health and safety and your business.
An employer is obliged to make to workplace safe. A written Health and Safety
Policy for the business is important to ensure staffs follow safe working procedures.
The health and safety policy identifies how health and safety is managed for that
business: who does what, when and why. The policy must be issued and discussed
with each employee and should outline their safety responsibilities. It should include
idea such as:
Details of storage of chemical substances
Details of stock cupboard and dispensary
Details and records of the checks made by a qualified electrician on
specialist electrical equipment
Names and addresses of the holders of the keys
Escape routes and emergency evacuation procedures
All health and safety policies should be reviewed regularly to ensure they meet all
relevant legislation guidelines including updates.
Management of WHS:
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Scope of practice
The Scope of Practice describes the procedures, actions, and processes that a
healthcare practitioner is permitted to undertake in keeping with the terms of their
professional qualification.
When consulting with clientele, it is the therapists duty of care to recognise certain
conditions or disorders that may stop or alter the treatment they are about to
perform. These conditions and disorders are categorised as contraindications.
As therapists we are not qualified to state diagnosis or treat certain
contraindications, although we can refer them to appropriate practitioners to seek
further medical assistance. Specialists that a client may be referred to include:
Medical practitioner
Complimentary practitioner
Dermatologist
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SECTION 1 - ESTABLISH CLIENT PRIORITIES
Client record management
On first meeting the client, greet them in a friendly, professional manner. Give them
a warm welcome by telling them your name and smiling. This will help to relax the
client and make them feel at ease. It is also very important to gain the client’s trust
and respect through your professionalism and knowledge.
The next step is to identify the client’s individual characteristics and needs in order to
make appropriate choices for the service. Each client has individual characteristics
and these all need to be taken into consideration before the treatment plan can be
formed.
Sample consultation card:
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The consultation should put the client at ease and be used to answer any questions
and explain aspects of the treatment. Post consultation a therapist must design,
record and maintain treatment plans and records for each of the treated clients,
specifying the details of:
client feedback
contraindications
products used
hair analysis
outcomes of treatment
relevant medical history and medications
waxing service performed
aftercare recommendations and advice
A treatment plan is a plan that states how you are going to perform the treatment
on the client. The therapist will need to evaluate the information the client has
specified in order to recommend the most appropriate treatment to meet the
client’s needs.
Asking your client to describe exactly what they would like shows them that their
needs are important and that they will receive the best possible service from you. To
collect information about your client’s needs, you will need to ask open questions
and actively listen to the client’s needs. Clients are also encouraged to ask
questions regarding any concerns or comments they may have, including the
method of treatment, treating the hair growth in between visits and frequency of
treatment.
An essential part of providing a professional service to your clients is to identify why
they want the treatment so that you can then provide accurate advice and
recommendations for the client.
Client characteristics
After completing a thorough consultation and detailed plan of treatment it is
essential to accurately identify their personal characteristics. Identifying a client’s
characteristics involves analysing and assessing
1. Skin type and health
2. Hair position (service area)
3. Pattern of growth
4. Previous methods of removal
1. Skin type and health
Analysing the skin for a hair removal treatment is a process where you determine the
condition of the skin and whether it is safe to proceed. The process of analysing the
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skin for hair removal is not as complex as doing an analysis when performing a facial
treatment, although further treatment and product advice can be provided to
maintain the type and conditions you determine for the client.
Skin type you are born with and it will only change with age. Skin type is based on
the amount of oil in the skin.
1. normal
2. dry
3. oily
4. combination
Skin conditions can come and go, also can change
throughout one’s life depending of lifestyle factors and
environmental impact.
Acne
Eczema and atopic dermatitis
Hair disorders
Pigmentation disorders
Vascular disorders
Seborrheic dermatitis
2. Hair position of the hair growth to be treated will be relevant in scheduling the
treatment. If the area to be treated is for example, on the face and therefore visible,
a client may want to book their appointment at the end of the day. In this way
embarrassment from any reactions after treatment can be minimised as the client
will be the last in the salon. Similarly, epilation of facial hair should be conducted
several days prior to a special occasion so that any reactions to the treatment have
had time to subside. Treatment areas could include, but not limited to:
arms
bikini line
chin
eyebrows
legs
lip
sides of face
underarms
chest
abdomen
A client booking in for an intimate wax (bikini or brazillian) may need to plan ahead
to ensure they are not pre-menstrual or when they are menstruating. For many, the
pain threshold will be at its lowest and to receive a waxing service it is too painful
and uncomfortable at these times.
Hair types
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Superfluous hair is a general term used to describe any unwanted hair condition
and is what clients seek to have removed through temporary or permanent
epilation treatments. There are three different types of hair found on the human
body:
1. Lanugo
2. Vellus
3. Terminal
Lanugo hair is formed on the foetus whilst in the womb, usually shed around the
seventh or eighth month of gestation, but can be shed after birth. Hair that is being
lost from the scalp due to baldness reverts to its primary type before disappearance.
This hair is fine and soft without a medulla and usually unpigmented.
Vellus hair is fine soft hair which covers most of the body, except the palms, soles,
lips and genital areas. This type of hair is non-pigmented, fine, downy and soft. It has
no medulla, and has a shallow follicle, small blood supply and is usually less than
2cm in length.
Terminal hair is longer and coarser, pigmented and varies in diameter, texture and
shape. This is the hair that both men and women sometimes find superfluous and
seek a means of having it removed.
There are two types of terminal hair:
Asexual hair – eyebrows, lashes and the hair on the head. These hairs are
terminal in nature from birth. Differences in these hairs are not related to
hormones.
Sexual hair – other areas of hair, typically the pubic area, underarm, legs and
arms, face, chest and abdomen, back and shoulders. These are vellus at
birth and change to terminal under hormonal influence.
Hair growth cycle stages and relationship to hair removal The hair growth cycle is similar to that of the skin. Long hairs of the scalp last several
years and short hairs of the body last up to nine months. Hair is continually being
shed from the body.
Each hair grows for many years and finally it spontaneously falls out. The follicle rests
for a little while, and then starts to produce another new hair. Between starting to
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grow and falling out years later, each hair passes through three distinct stages.
The growth pattern can be broken down into the following stages.
1. Telogen stage – resting
2. Anagen stage – growing
3. Catagen stage - transition between growing and resting
Hairs have a predetermined cycle – hairs grow to different lengths in different parts
of the body. The average growth rate is ½ centimetre per month.
Anagen stage, a new hair starts at the moment it begins to grow and there is very
active growth in the hair bulb. This lasts generally between three and four years on
the scalp which accounts for the length of this hair. On the body it is up to nine
months depending on the site.
Pigment (melanin) is made in the hair bulb throughout this phase of the hair cycle.
Less pigment is made in the hair of older people. This is why white hairs start to
appear, even though the hair itself may still be growing strongly. In some older
people the hair cycle becomes shorter, the follicles gradually give up producing
long, strong hair, and the hairs become thinner and shorter. Permanent epilation is
most successful when performed on hairs in the anagen phase of the cycle.
Catagen stage is after the anagen stage and is a short resting phase which lasts for
three to four weeks. No pigment is made during that time, and the follicle stops
producing hair. The base of the follicle moves upwards towards the surface of the
skin.
Telogen stage lasts for three or four months. This is the time at which a new hair
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begins to grow from the hair follicle. As it grows upwards the old hair will be shed
naturally or may be pulled out, which happens easily and painlessly with telogen
hairs. These are the hairs that come out when washing or brushing. Shedding is part
of the normal process of the replacement of old hair with new. At any one time,
around one in ten of the follicles are in the shedding phase. The new hair emerges
from the same opening at the surface of the skin as the old one, and the hair cycle
begins again.
3. Hair growth patterns An understanding of the process of hair growth will help you to identify patterns of
regrowth so you can recommend appointment schedules to your clients. The hair
growth pattern is influenced by messages it receives from the endocrine system. The
endocrine system influences the hair growth cycle which sometimes results in the
growth of unwanted hair as well as baldness. The cycle is also influenced by general
health, stage of development and age. Hair can also be affected by disease of the
hair follicle.
Body hair, or androgenic hair, is the terminal hair that develops on the human body
during and after puberty. It is differentiated from the head hair and less visible vellus
hair, which are much finer and lighter in colour.
The growth of androgenic hair is related to the level of androgens (often referred to
as male hormones; due to the production levels in males being higher on average,
but is actually present in both
genders. As people age, the hair in
these regions will often begin to
grow darker and more abundantly.
This will typically happen during or
after puberty. Men will often have
more abundant, coarser hair on the
arms and back, while women tend
to have a less drastic change in the
hair growth in these areas but do
experience a significant change in
thickness of hairs. However, some
women will grow darker, longer hair
in one or more of these regions.
4. Previous methods of removal The previous method of hair removal used by the client has a direct bearing on the
progress that can be expected. A client may have used temporary methods of hair
removal. The method they used may have affected either the skin or the hair
follicle, causing distortion. Both plucking and waxing can cause follicle distortion
and have a strengthening effect if the hair is hormonally stimulated.
If a client has been plucking or waxing there may be some hairs which lie beneath
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the surface. Depending on how long it is since the hairs were removed, their growth
speed and the stage of their lifecycle will determine how long it will take the hairs to
appear
Contraindications that may prevent, require clearance from a medical
professional or change the treatment to proceed
“A condition or disease that can either stop or alter the treatment you are about to
perform…”
As well as identifying the client’s needs and characteristics, the client’s general
health and the condition of skin of the service area needs to be assessed before
beginning a waxing treatment.
It is very important that all contraindications for treatments be taken into account
when recommending and providing treatments to clients. It is also important that
you are able to communicate these to the client without causing unnecessary
alarm. The client may not be aware that certain treatments can affect their
particular medical condition and you may need to explain why you are unable to
provide a particular treatment or why a treatment needs to be varied.
By explaining all relevant issues to the client and offering solutions you will further
strengthen your relationship with your client. If the client has a medical condition
and you are unsure whether treatment should start you can refer to a more senior or
experienced beauty therapist for advice. Before doing this however, make sure that
you get the client’s permission. You may also refer the client to their doctor for
permission before starting treatment. If this is the case you should make sure that the
client has all the necessary information to explain the treatment and its effects to
their doctor.
1. TOTAL contraindication: A contraindication that would completely stop the
client from receiving a beauty treatment.
2. Condition requiring MEDICAL PERMISSION: A contraindication that requires
documented approval from the client’s doctor or specialist to proceed with
beauty treatments.
3. LOCAL contraindication: A contraindication that may change the
application of treatment, for example products used, areas covered.
Some contraindications may include: Bacterial infections occur when the infection on the skin is caused by bacteria, such
as:
Pustules and boils, bacteria form in the follicle.
Acne can also be described as a bacterial infection.
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Impetigo where the infection is in the epidermis
Fungal infections are caused by fungi and can occur anywhere on the body.
Tinea corporis which affects the body
Tinea capitis which affects the scalp and hair
Tinea pedis is found on the foot
Parasitic infections is an infectious disease caused or transmitted by a parasite
Scabies, a contagious skin disease marked by itching and small raised red
spots, caused by the itch mite.
Pediculosis is an infestation with lice. Generally over areas covered with hair
Fleas, a small wingless, jumping insect which feeds on the blood of mammals
and birds
Viral infections occur because of a viral infection.
Herpes Simplex type 1 (known as cold sores) found on the face mainly
around the mouth and nose as red, sore blisters.
Warts are another common viral infection.
Acne a skin condition where pores become plugged and the surrounding skin
becomes inflamed. There are various forms of acne;
Comedone – also known as blackheads or whiteheads
Papule – red acne lump, smaller than a pustule
Pustules – an active infection pilo-sebaceous unit
Cyst – inflamed, painful and largely infected within the pilo-sebaceous unit.
Often containing pus, blood and additional fluids.
Acne can be catergorised into four (4) grades:
1. Grade 1: Open comedones
2. Grade 2: Open and closed comedones and some papules and pustules
3. Grade 3: Pustular acne
4. Grade 4: Cystic acne
Hypertrophic and keloid tendency scars take on a keloid effect, that is, a red, raised
formation of fibrous scar tissue caused by excessive tissue repair.
Abnormal skin such as sunburnt, grazed, rashes can be hypersensitive due to
exposure from UV, radiating excessive heat, trauma or injury.
Pigmented skin lesions can be seen as hypo or hyper coloured, unusual localised
skin tissue.
Thin and fragile skin if often the result of age, sun damage and nutrition. The skin is
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sensitive to temperature, pressure and touch.
Medications that cause skin thinning or inflammation, use of oral Retin A or
Accutane (Isotretinoin) medications within the last 12 months. These medications
are prescribed by medical professionals to treat aggressive, grade 4 acnes. These
medications shrink the oil glands within the skin, reduces acne bacteria
(Propionibacterium (P-acne)), reduces inflammation and slows down how fast the
skin produces its cells.
Contraindications that restrict treatment and their relationship to waxing
Recent scars refer to a wound that is still healing. Appearing as a mark left on the
skin after a surface injury, wound or operative treatment has healed.
Scar tissue can be flat or raised. It is generally older than 6 months. The skin has
healed and has left an un-pigmented mark where the trauma was.
Skin trauma can be a serious and altering physical injury experienced by the skin
including multiple layers of epithelial tissues. This can be in the form of cuts, burns,
sickness or other injury.
Varicose veins occur on the legs, veins become weakened and bulge. They can be
painful and uncomfortable when pressure is applied.
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SECTION 2 - PREPARE FOR WAXING SERVICE
Prepare service area
Before beginning any service, ensure that the service area is organised, arranged
and equipped to that you can perform the treatment efficiently and according to
health regulations and workplace procedures.
Ideally, equipment, furniture, fittings and walls should be purpose built or purchased
specifically for the task to be performed. They
should be durable, safe and suitable for
cleaning and maintenance, and constructed
of sealed non porous material.
There should be adequate lighting and
ventilation throughout the premises and
sufficient bench space for good working
practices. After the client characteristics have
been assessed and a beauty treatment plan
agreed upon, you will be able to identify the
products and any extra equipment that are
required to perform the treatment. Products
and consumables will differ according to the
brand of wax used. Always refer to
manufacturer’s instructions.
Prepare yourself
Your personal presentation is important because you are in the profession where
you are expected to act as a role model. Clients will expect a beauty operator’s
grooming and presentation to be of a high standard. As beauty operators work in
close proximity with clients, personal hygiene is a very important issue. Clients are
able to detect smells or body odour easily.
Most salons have a policy on uniforms. Some supply uniforms and others simply
expect the beauty therapist to be dressed in a specific way. The health regulations
in most States and Territories say that the operator (that is you) should wear clean
washable garments. These garments will protect you from contamination with blood
or body fluids and substances. Watches, wrist and finger jewellery should not be
worn when attending to clients because these items are a potential source of
infection. Hand jewellery should not be worn during skin penetration (this term
includes temporary hair removal) procedures as it may tear the gloves.
After recommending and discussing a treatment with the client, there are some
final preparation steps before the treatment begins.
Place the completed client record card in a safe place during treatment.
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Ensure that the treatment bed is at the correct height for you to work at
comfortably.
The client will already be gowned and on the treatment bed. Position the
client comfortably.
All protective garments should be in place. Place a towel across the parts of
the body where treatment will not be performed for modesty, warmth and
protection from spillage.
Ensure that there is enough light in the cubicle and a magnifying light
available. When the light is turned on it should not cause discomfort by
shining directly into the client’s eyes.
Check again that the client is comfortable before beginning the treatment.
A pregnant client may need a pillow to place under the knees or lower
back. Make sure that the client is as comfortable as possible throughout the
treatment. Continually check the client’s comfort level and make
adjustments to suit the client’s needs where appropriate.
Wash your hands with an antibacterial hand wash.
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Trolley set up - Before client arrives:
Wax pots full and warm
1 Lycotane cleanser
1 Chamomile Soothing cream
1 tea tree Soothing cream
1 Perfect Finish oil
1 talcum powder
Disposable G-strings
Small, medium, large gloves
Spatulas of all sizes
Waxing tissue – to prevent double
dipping
Tweezers
Cotton balls
Wax Strips
Alcohol wipes
Hygiene/Baby wipes
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Reference the following treatment bed set-ups for specific waxing services. It is
common that a client will book in for multiple areas to be waxed, so ensure the set-
up suits to entire service.
Leg waxing
Underarm & facial waxing
Chest, back and or arm wax
Bikini & intimate waxing
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SECTION 3 - APPLY WAX TO WAXING AREA
Effects and application of the following hair removal procedures
There are several methods of removing unwanted body and facial hair but they all
fall into the two major categories of epilation or depilation.
Epilation involves the removal of both the hair shaft and its root from the follicle. This
occurs in the process of tweezing and waxing, electrolysis, laser and Intense Pulsed
Light in the beauty industry. Other methods of epilation include sugaring, threading
and using an epilator. Tweezing and waxing do not provide permanent results but
delay visible regrowth for 2 or more weeks.
Removal via epilation gives the impression of finer hair as the hair grows back with a
tapered finer point.
Depilation involves the removal of the hair at the skin’s surface and leaves the root
intact. This occurs in the process of shaving, clipping and use of depilatory creams.
Depilatory creams contain chemicals which weaken the keratin in the hair to a
point where it breaks off. These creams can be very irritating and can cause allergic
reactions, especially when used repeatedly, as the keratin in the skin is similar to that
in the hair and is therefore also affected.
Waxing is a method that temporarily removes hair, using a professional wax applied
to the skin. As the wax dries, the hair remains encased in the wax, which is then
removed off the skin, taking the hair from the hair follicle with it. This method can be
used to remove hair from almost all parts of the face and body.
The waxing process can be an uncomfortable treatment. However waxing is
generally the most popular form of temporary epilation treatment requested in the
beauty industry.
Benefits include:
Regrowth with waxing is much slower, resulting in fewer treatments
Waxing produces smoother results for longer as the hair is pulled from the root
lasts longer than shaving because it pulls the hair from the roots.
Not always painful. If performed correctly, it is almost pain-free.
Fast and convenient
Body hair clipping or ‘trimming’ is a common practice prior to a salon service to
ensure a manageable and best result is achieved. Often performed with a
powered device by the client at home or within salon by the therapist, its main
purpose is to shorten the length of hair to around 0.5cm or ¼ of an inch to reduce
discomfort during a waxing treatment. Areas such as the chest, back, bikini and
Brazilian are most common to be clipped as hair can be lengthy and course.
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Tweezing uses a pair of tweezers to remove the hair. Often they have a pointed tip
to grasp the hair near to the surface of the skin, and the hair is slid out, in the
direction of growth, removing the full shaft and the root. Like waxing, the hair will
take around four (4) weeks to regrow. Tweezing is always performed near
completion of any waxing service to ensure all hairs have been removed, and in
areas such as the eyebrows, tweezing allows for a precise and accurate outcome.
Shaving uses a disposable razor blade. It is stroked across the skins surface against
the direction of growth. This removes the shaft of hair above the skin but leaves the
root intact within the follicle. Shaving has become a large market with many clients
as a quick, easy and affordable homecare treatment.
Alternative progressive hair removal methods Infra-red and hair retarding products used in conjunction with waxing procedures
Infrared wavelength target the hair follicle at 1064nm (nanometres) in the skin.
Infrared is attracted to the pigment within the hair follicle. This creates a heat
response which is able to break down, some and or all of the hair producing cells.
The hair must heat up to approximately 70 C for this response to occur. The
treatment is only effective in the anagen stage of growth, as this is the time that the
hair cells are rapidly dividing and creating the pigment within the hair follicle. If the
targeted hairs are not heated to the appropriate temperature or are out of the
anagen stage, the infrared light will only slow the growth, creating a finer and
smaller hair. As it uses the principle of selective photo thermolysis, only pigmented
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hairs will respond to treatment.
Approximately 8 – 10 services are required to achieve approximately 70% of
permanent hair reduction.
Progressive permanent hair removal methods
Electrolysis involves destruction of the actual hair bulb under the skin using an
electric current. With destruction of the bulb, hair cannot regrow, so permanent hair
removal is the result. Only anagen phase hairs should be treated, since telogen
phase hairs are believed to be more resistant to damage. Anagen phase hairs can
be distinguished easily from telogen-phase hairs by shaving the area to be treated
and, in a few days’ time, treating only those hairs visible on the skin surface (anagen
phase hairs).
Intense pulsed light (IPL) and Laser these treatments target the eumelanin (pigment)
in the hair follicle and cause it to heat up. This heat causes damage to the hair
follicle, preventing it or inhibiting it from growing the hair. Laser and Intense Pulsed
Light treatments for hair removal often require a number of treatments before the
hair is destroyed. It works best on people with dark hairs and light skin. However
technology constantly evolves and new machines are coming onto the market.
After several treatments laser and Intense Pulsed Light are considered permanent
hair removal.
Effects and application of the following wax types
There are two main categories of waxes used for hair removal: hot wax and strip
wax. The type of wax chosen will depend on the client’s needs and characteristics,
position of hair, skin sensitivity and type of hair.
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1. Hot wax
2. Strip wax
The formulation of Hot wax enables the product to be solid when cold and flexible
(pliable) when warm. This is the principle on how it works to remove hair.
When applied to the body, hot wax is applied against the direction of hair growth.
The only exception to the rule is eyebrows and the upper lip. These areas are smaller
to work in and require precision so the wax will be applied with the direction of
growth.
The application technique and its thicker consistency embed and wrap itself around
the hair shaft. To increase this effect, the heat from the wax allows the skin to
increase in temperature and the follicle to ‘relax’. Within seconds the hot wax will
slightly set and the therapist will remove what they have applied, against the
direction of hair growth.
Hot waxes are solid at room temperature and vary in colour depending on the
ingredients used. They are typically made from the following:
Beeswax – This gives it its solid appearance.
Other waxes such as candelilla and carnauba wax to modify the melting
point
Resins– which give it flexibility and contribute to the depth, gloss, flow
adhesion and water resistance.
Additional ingredients such as azulene and antiseptic which reduce
sensitivity.
It is gentler on the skin than strip. This means that it is a good choice for clients who
have had anti-ageing treatments and on sensitive areas such as the face. It is the
wax of choice when waxing female and male intimate areas. Hot wax sets faster
than strip. Hot wax is usually applied against the direction of the hair growth and this
allows the wax to get to the base of the hair whilst it is still warm
All states and territories insist that used wax is disposed of immediately. Some states
and territories recommend single use pots for each client, or ask that the operator
does not re-dip the applicator once it has touched the client’s skin. A good working
temperature for hot wax is between 51oC and 60oC however, always check
manufacturer’s instructions.
In summary, the benefits of hot wax include:
Gentler on the skin than strip wax
Used on finer, more sensitive areas
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Removes tough, coarse hair
Leaves little to no residue
Sets to minimise mess
Disadvantages of hot wax
include:
Timely
More expensive
Uses more product
Used at a higher
temperature
Takes longer to heat up
Strip wax was the first waxing product to become available in the 1970’s. From
there, it has been developed and improved and is still one of the industry leaders in
hair removal.
Different to hot wax, strip wax is always applied with the direction of growth. The
wax does not set on the skin and will remain at body temperature. The main effect
of strip wax is to adhere the hair into the wax for removal. The wax then needs a
‘strip’ (often calico, muslin, cotton or pellon) to be placed over the applied product
and removed against the direction of growth.
This type of waxing is not generally applied to the face, underarms or bikini line
areas. This is due to the temporary redness it can cause to the skin in these sensitive
areas, and it is not as effective as hot waxing on the bikini line or underarms. Strip
waxes are typically liquid at room temperature. They may consist of the following:
Rubber latex solutions and solvents
Beeswax or carnauba wax
Oils such as vitamin E
Organic substances such as honey
Strip wax is available in two forms: water based or oil based. Only oil based strip wax
should be used on clients. It should
never be reused, but instead
discarded into a plastic bag that is
then sealed and placed in a general
waste bin. Working temperature for
this wax is 43°C however, check
manufacturer’s instructions. If the wax
is overheated it will deteriorate.
In summary, the benefits of strip wax
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include:
Most popular
Quick application and removal
Can remove short hair
Cost effective
Used at a lower temperature
Disadvantages of strip wax include:
Detrimental to the skin
Remains sticky – messy
Sugaring is a technique developed through northern Africa, Greece and the Middle
East centuries ago for effective hair removal. Currently it has been brought back
into the beauty industry and is slowly becoming another popular service due to its
natural, quick, and ‘pain free’ benefits.
Sugaring involves a sugar paste being
applied to the skin in the direction of
hair growth. The hairs are pushed an
embedded in the wax, and like hot wax,
is then directly removed against the
direction of growth.
Sugar paste is often made of natural
ingredients including pure sugar, lemon
and water. Like all waxes sugar paste
needs to be heated for use to around
37°C however, always check
manufactures instructions.
Cleanse service area
In preparing the client for the waxing treatment, it is necessary to cleanse the area
to be waxed. This must be done in accordance with the health and hygiene
requirements and salon procedures. Products are used as per manufactures
instructions and are specific to waxing services. The ideal product is used just before
any facial and body waxing to effectively remove surface oils, perspiration,
pollution, make-up and cream residue from skin.
Once the skin is cleansed, analyse the skin and hair. It is recommended to look over
the service area to ensure no contraindications are present, may have been missed
or overlooked through the consultation process.
Temperature (Thermal sensitivity) test
Before applying the waxing product, check it temperature. Visually, strip wax should
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have a ‘honey’ type consistency within the wax heater. Hot wax should ideally have
a yoghurt type consistency within the wax heater. If the temperature is too hot, it will
be thin and look watery. If in doubt, check the manufactures instructions for ideal
working temperature for each.
Firstly test the wax on the inside of your wrist, to ensure the wax is not too warm. Then
repeat on the client’s wrist or ankle. This will give you a guide to thermal sensitivity of
their skin. As temperature is sensed differently between people, adjustments may
need to be made to ensure you are working to a suitable temperature for each
client.
STRIP WAX APPLICATION AND REMOVAL
Generic procedures for applying and removing strip wax include:
1. Identify your client’s objective and characteristics
This is performed through a thorough consultation, written and informed
consent and a detailed treatment plan
2. Prepare the equipment, tools and product. Then the client.
3. Prepare self
Put on disposable gloves and any further PPE required
4. Cleanse and prepare the service area using selected products
5. Analyse the clients skin type and condition
6. Perform a temperature test on yourself, then the client to ensure temperature
suitability
7. Once suitable, start to apply the strip wax
Using a disposable spatula, dip the spatula into the wax, half way, picking up a
small amount.
Wipe the wax off the back, sides and tip of the spatula using the metal bar on
the side of the wax heater
8. With the other hand underneath the spatula, walk over to apply the wax
9. Holding the spatula at a 90◦ angle, place and apply the wax in the direction
of hair growth
The 90◦ angle allows the wax to slide onto the skin. Ensure enough pressure is
used for a thin application, but not too strong that you are scraping at the skin.
10. Apply until there is no wax left on the spatula
11. Throw the spatula into the bin
12. Repeat this process to apply the wax until that section of the service area has
been coated in wax
Work quickly to ensure the wax does not cool before removal
13. Apply a waxing strip onto the applied area, always starting from the bottom.
A wax strip should never be bigger than the size of your hand; this makes the
removal controlled, supported and manageable.
14. BOND – STRETCH – REMOVE - SOOTHE
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Bond – one firm press to secure the wax to the hair, and the wax to the strip.
Stretch – with the vacant hand stretch and support the skin surrounding the strip.
This is to prevent tearing, ripping or damaging the skin, and to minimise pain felt
by the client.
Remove – gripping onto the end of the strip, in one motion remove quickly,
against the direction of growth. Removal should be along the skin. Never pull or
remove in an upwards motion as this will snap the hair shaft.
Soothe – once the strip has been removed, with the hand that was stretching
the skin, place over the affect area and provide pressure. This decreases the
discomfort felt by the client as the skin senses pressure above pain.
15. Repeat this process until that section of the service area has been removed.
16. Repeat application and removal until the whole service area has been
treated.
17. Tweeze the service area to remove any hairs that are unable to be removed
18. Once complete, apply post-care products as selected.
HOT WAX APPLICATION AND REMOVAL
Generic procedures for applying and removing strip wax include:
1. Identify your client’s objective and characteristics
This is performed through a thorough consultation, written and informed
consent and a detailed treatment plan
2. Prepare the equipment, tools and product. Then the client.
3. Prepare self
Put on disposable gloves and any further PPE required
4. Cleanse and prepare the service area using selected products
5. Analyse the clients skin type and condition
6. Perform a temperature test on yourself, then the client to ensure temperature
suitability
7. Once suitable, start to apply the hot wax
Using a disposable spatula, scoop the wax onto the spatula. This will pick up a ‘ball’ of
wax
Wipe the wax off the back of the spatula using the metal bar on the side of the wax
heater
8. With the other hand underneath the spatula, walk over the apply the wax
9. Holding the spatula at a 45◦ angle, place and apply the wax against the
direction of growth
As you apply, create two ‘C’ shapes to create a circle or patch of hot wax.
Hot wax needs to be thicker and have a lip or edge to use as a point of
removal.
Unlike strip wax, with hot wax you are able to move the wax around to ensure
an even application.
10. Apply until there is no wax left on the spatula
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11. Throw the spatula into the bin
12. Within 10 – 20 seconds, the hot wax will have slightly set. Visually it will appear
matte and slightly darken in colour. Do not allow the patch to harden. As hot
wax becomes the strip, nothing else is needed for it to be removed.
13. BOND – STRETCH – REMOVE - SOOTHE
Bond – one firm press to secure the wax to the hair
Stretch – with the vacant hand stretch and support the skin surrounding the
patch. This is to prevent tearing, ripping or damaging the skin, and to
minimise pain felt by the client.
Remove – Pressing into the patch, flick up the edge of the patch and grip. In
one motion remove quickly, against the direction of growth. Removal should
be along the skin. Never pull or remove in an upwards motion as this will snap
the hair shaft.
Soothe – once the strip has been removed, with the hand that was stretching
the skin, place over the affect area and provide pressure. This decreases the
discomfort felt by the client as the skin senses pressure above pain.
14. Repeat application and removal until the whole service area has been
treated.
15. Tweeze the service area to remove any hairs that are unable to be removed
16. Once complete, apply post-care products as selected.
TWEEZING PROCEDURE 1. Always use a sterilised pair of tweezers for each client. (Check your State or
Territory regulations)
2. Put on disposable gloves
3. Place a clean tissue on the head of the bed for collecting the removed hairs.
4. Have an alcohol wipe wrapped around the middle finger of the non-
dominant hand to sanitise the tweezers as you work.
5. Gently but firmly stretch the skin between the thumb and middle finger, of the
non-dominant hand. This will help you to avoid accidentally nipping the skin
and minimise discomfort to the client.
6. Remove each of the hairs quickly, in the direction of growth, making sure you
have a tight grip on the hair before you pull at it.
7. By removing the hair in the direction of growth, it prevents the hair from
breaking off at the skin’s surface
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Identifying treatment areas
Leg waxing can include either a half leg or full leg treatment. When waxing the
upper and/or lower leg there is a sequence that should be followed. They will be
separated into three (3) zones. These zones identify the order in which to apply and
remove the wax.
1. Outside
2. Inside
3. Middle
In addition, the fronts of the legs should be completely waxed before the client is
turned over and treatment continues on the back of the legs. Toes and the feet can
also be included in a leg wax service.
Knees are completed whilst the client is lying on their back, within a half or full leg
wax. Have the client bend one leg so that the foot is resting as close as possible to the
buttocks. This ensures the area is taught and allows for proper application and
removal. The knee is completed in three (3) zones:
1. Underneath
2. Above
3. Kneecap
Then, once the client has turned over the popliteal space can be completed. This is
the diamond-shaped space at the back of the knee joint. If this area needs waxing,
it must be done with great care due to the proximity of the lymph nodes and blood
vessels. It is also tender when pressed. Small or narrow strips of wax should be
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applied and carefully removed.
Bikini Line waxing refers to the removal of hair that grows on the inner, upper part of
the leg and above the panty line on the lower abdomen. The bikini is separated into
two planes, divided by a large tendon, and the skin tissue in this area is quite soft
and sensitive so caution must be taken to prevent bruising or tearing of the tissue.
When waxing the bikini line, it is separated into three (3) zones. These zones identify
the order in which to apply and remove the wax:
1. Above the tendon
2. Below the tendon
3. Along the tendon
Ensure the client has their leg in a figure ‘4’ position on the side you are
working on
Place a tissue along the underwear line to ensure no wax affects the
material. Alternatively, the client may have the option to put on a disposable
G-string.
Show the client how they can assist in supporting the skin to reduce
discomfort
Arms this can include either half arm or full arm treatment. When waxing the upper
and/or lower arm there is a sequence that should be followed.
1. inside of the arm on the thumb side from the inner elbow and downwards
2. outer underside of the arm from just above the wrist up to the elbow
3. top of the forearm
as the arm is curved, ensure the skin is firmly stretched from underneath
bend the clients lower arm and wrist up to the shoulder to complete the
underside of the arm
ensure all hairs are removed around the elbow
blend the hair removal into the upper arm if the client is only receiving a half
arm wax
Underarm can be sensitive and slightly more painful than other areas. The skin will
need to be cleansed thoroughly to ensure there is no traces of deodorant, sweat or
sebum. The underarm can have many directions of hair growth, can be coarse and
dense. When waxing the underarm, it is separated into three (3) zones. These zones
identify the order in which to apply and remove the wax.
1. upper section of the underarm, the section closest to the arm
2. lower section closest to the body
3. middle section in between, possibly with hair growth towards the client’s front
or back
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The client should be in a laid back position, with their arm raised and behind
their head
Place a tissue along the brazier, singlet or gown of the client to ensure no wax
affects the material.
Show the client how they can assist in supporting the skin around the
underarm to reduce discomfort.
Facial waxing, When treating the clients face, a thorough consultation should take
place and include the area for service and of which hair removal method would be
the best for the client.
Lie the client down on their back.
Secure hair away from the face using a head band or cap if necessary
All make-up must be removed from the service area
Study the pattern of hair growth. Typically, the hair will grow in different
directions and this needs to be accommodated.
If the area becomes very red or even slightly swollen, apply a cold compress.
Upon completion of waxing, it is strongly recommended that a high
frequency machine be used. This has an antibacterial and soothing action
on the effected tissue
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Eyebrows are divided into two (2) zones and use two amounts of wax to remove the
hair. These areas are:
upper eyelid, just under the brow
upper nose bridge, between the eyebrows
Before commencing any kind of epilation around the eyebrows, shape, length and
thickness must be discussed with the client. Apply your eyebrow measurements to
ensure and even and symmetrical shape can be created or maintained.
Certain characteristics will help to determine the right brow shape for each client.
There is no single perfect eyebrow shape; different shapes suit different people.
How to determine the shape of the eyebrow
There are three points to measuring the eyebrow. These measurements will
determine the suitable start point, arch point and end point (length) of the brow.
1. Start point - Place an orange stick or spatula at the bottom corner of the nose
flare and line it up with the inside corner of the eye. Any hairs on the eyebrow
that are growing on the nose side of the orange stick between the eyes can
be removed. If the client has a very broad nose, these guidelines may be
inappropriate. In this instance straighten the orange stick slightly so it is not on
such a steep angle.
2. End point / Length - Place the orange stick at the bottom corner of the nose
and line it up with the outer corner of the eye. Any hairs that grow on the
eyebrow beyond this point should be removed.
3. Arch - Ask the client to look directly upwards and line the orange stick with
the outer edge of the iris (coloured part of the eye). This is where the highest
point of the arch should be.
If this is not the client’s first time at having their eyebrows waxed, the shape that was
achieved before may be evident. If this is the case, ask the client if they are happy
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with this shape. If they are, follow the same shape again. If not, ask the client how
they would like it changed.
If this is a client coming to you for a shaping service, ensure a thorough consultation
has been completed to determine the client’s expectations. At times what the
client envisions can be different to the therapist. Having a visual guide can assist
with this and confirm the service to go ahead. The visual guide may include
common brow shapes and how they suit facial shapes. From here, measurements
must be taken to ensure the service area has the ability to achieve the desired
shape and furthermore discussion about thickness and colour.
Like haircuts, eyebrow shapes aren’t one-size-fits-all. Your perfect brows depend on
the dimensions of your face
The right brow will:
help open up the entire eye area
work to improve the face’s overall symmetry
compliment the forehead and jaw line
provide a complimentary focal point
Before beginning to shape a client’s eyebrows, you must take into account their
needs and personal characteristics.
Specific characteristics to look for when shaping a client’s eyebrows include:
natural eyebrow shape and length
hair line
curly eyebrows
direction of hair growth
texture of eyebrows (coarse or fine)
condition of the skin where the hair removal will take place
any peculiarities, such as bald patches or scarring in the brow
Main brow shapes:
1. Straight
2. Natural
3. Arched
4. Angular
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1. 2.
3. 4.
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The lip is often felt as the most painful area to wax. The skin is thin and highly
sensitive. Here the client will be able to assist in stretching by rolling their lips into their
mouth. When waxing the upper lip, it is separated into two (2) zones:
1. Sides of the lip, including the lip line
2. Centre beneath the nose
using hot wax, always start with the sides of the lip and lip line
do not place wax where there is no hair, e.g. the skin of the lips, as this may
cause the skin to lift
tweeze any remaining lip line hairs
Chin can include the point, the jaw line and for some clients, neck and sides of the
face. Usually you will find the hair beneath the jaw and immediately below grows
upwards towards the face. Hair along the jawline tends to grow directly outwards.
Divide the area into two (2) zones
1. Under the jawline
2. Above the jawline
If waxing under the jawline, have the client to tilt their head back, divide the
area to be treated into smaller areas. Apply and remove the wax to the
underside from the jaw down the throat.
If waxing above the jawline involves dividing the area into treatable sections,
applying and removing the wax.
If the client has only a few hair on the chin line then you should consider
tweezing or using small dots of wax to remove the odd hair.
Do not apply any pressure over the trachea
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Additional areas
Client discomfort
Waxing is still one of the most commonly used beauty treatments today. It can also
be unpleasant as the extraction of hair comes from deep in the follicle, particularly if
the client has coarse hair or sensitive skin. Fortunately waxing is quick and efficient
as it allows the removal of many hairs at one time.
Pillows should be used to provide comfort, a small blanket to provide warmth and a
gown to maintain dignity and privacy. The beauty operator should check with the
client throughout the treatment asking them questions about how they are coping
with the pain. Observe a client’s body language and signs that the client may not
be feeling well. Some clients may feel dizzy or nauseous especially if this type of
treatment is new to them. Sometimes you will observe that the client is perspiring
and this can be a sign of stress.
Applying light pressure to the treated area (soothing) immediately after the removal
of the wax is important; it stops the stinging sensation and blocks the transmission of
some of the pain signal to brain.
Unfortunately blood is sometimes drawn during a waxing treatment when skin
comes away and follicles bleed. You should be familiar with procedures to manage
any bleeding that occurs.
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Troubleshooting
Sometimes problems occur with the wax and can contribute to an unsatisfactory
result. The following are some problems and likely causes.
HOT WAX
PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE
Broke during removal
Old Wax
Overheated Wax or heated for too long
Wax was left for too long on the skin and
became too cold
Application too thin
Bits of wax left on skin after
treatment
Borders of wax strips were not even and
clean
Bond did not occur prior to removal
Small pustules appear a few
days after treatment
Area not cleansed properly prior to
treatment
After care lotions were contaminated
Client did not follow after care instructions
STRIP WAX
PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE
Skin lifted off with the wax
Poor waxing technique, for example, skin
not held taut during strip lift off, strip
removed at too high an angle
Client is using a skin altering product such
as Retin A
Wax left behind on the skin after
strip removed
Bond did not occur prior to removal
Some areas such as knees and elbows
‘grab’ onto wax, primarily due to the area
being extremely dry.
Client’s skin could have been too dry, wet
or cold
Client’s skin was not held taut
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Too much hair was removed
(Eyebrow area)
Wax ‘bled’ into the area as too much was
applied
Downward growing hairs got caught in the
wax
Function and action of after wax products Post waxing products are used on service area prior to the client getting dressed.
These products hold great importance in finalising the service and ensure the area is
protected and treated until the client’s next shower.
These products can come in a range of varieties such as oils, lotions and creams.
Their main objective is to protect, soothe and remove any remaining residue from
the wax. Some brands will also moisturise and hydrate the skin with according
ingredients such as rose, chamomile, shea butter and lavender.
Structural and cellular features of the hair follicles
Identifying the structure and function of hair will give you an understanding of how
this influences beauty treatments involving the removal or colouring of hair. Hair is
actually a growth of the epidermis. Hair is a complicated structure and has a
number of roles for humans. It helps to convey sensory information from the
environment to us; it helps to create gender identity and is an important aspect of
appearance and grooming in males and females. It is completely renewable and
grows in predictable ways.
The pilo-sebaceous unit (pilo = hair, sebum = grease) consists of the hair follicles and
the oil producing or sebaceous glands. The sebaceous gland produces sebum, an
oily compound that lubricates our skin and hair. The gland discharges the sebum
through the pilo-sebaceous duct: the same duct that the hair shaft grows through.
The size of the sebaceous glands varies depending on its location on the body, for
example those on the nose and T zone of the face are very large.
The pilo-sebaceous unit also contains a bundle of smooth muscle extending from
the epidermis to the hair follicle. This muscle is called the arrector pili and when it
contracts it pulls the hair from its normal position lying at an angle to the skin into a
vertical position. The muscle contracts in response to cold or fright. This is an attempt
to retain body heat by providing us with a thicker layer of “fur” or protect us from an
external source.
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Hair is composed of two main structures:
The hair root and follicle
The hair shaft
STRUCTURE FEATURES
hair root
Represented by the bottom of the sock which is
pushed up slightly and it is this part that is called the
papilla. It is actually part of the dermal papillae and
is richly supplied by blood vessels. Around the papilla
is the matrix or hair bulb. The cells in the matrix divide
and form the hair. The cells divide rapidly – about
every 23 to 72 hours. This is faster than any other part
of the body and is partly the reason why people lose
their hair when undergoing significant medical
treatments like chemotherapy.
external sheath
Formed by the basal and spinosum layers of the
epidermis creating a downward structure. Towards
the top of sheath, all the epidermal layers are
present, whereas towards the bottom of the sheath,
only the stratum basal is present. This layer never
totally regresses and gives rise to the new hair in the
next growth cycle
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hair follicle Composed of the external and internal root sheaths.
internal sheath
A tubular structure extending down to the external
root sheath. It is formed from the cells of the matrix, is
an extension of the hair follicle and is shaped like an
onion bulb.
hair shaft
The part of the hair that we can see growing above
the skin. There are three main parts to the hair shaft –
the medulla, the cortex and the cuticle
Medulla
The innermost part of the hair shaft made up of rows
of polyhedral cells. These contain eleiden (an early
form of keratin) and air spaces. You will remember
that eleiden is a component of the Stratum Lucidum
in the epidermis. Eleiden is translucent. The medulla
may be absent in fine hair.
cortex
The middle and major part of the hair. The cells in the
cortex are elongated cells containing pigment in
dark hair. In white hair these cells contain air. This
layer gives hair its colour.
cuticle
The outermost layer of the hair and contains a single
layer of thin flat cells which are keratinised. The
arrangement of the cells is like that of shingles or fish
scales with the edge of the cell pointing up. This
layer protects the hair. The innermost layer of the
internal sheath is also shingled and this helps keep
the cuticle in place.
Factors affecting hair growth
Hair is extremely sensitive to changes happening in the body. One of the reasons for
this is that cell reproduction in the hair happens at the second highest rate in the
body (the highest rate occurring in bone marrow). Hair grows faster in warmer
weather, during sleep and between the ages of 16 and 24.
Hair growth is affected by nutrition. Adequate intake of foods which supply glucose
and protein for cell reproduction is essential for hair growth. Pollution, radiation, stress
and some medications can have an adverse effect on the rate of hair growth. In
addition, hereditary factors can determine the strength, thickness and colour of hair.
Certain hormones also have an impact on hair growth. For example, women
experience an increased rate of loss for the months immediately after childbirth and
male sex hormones, androgens, causing increased growth on the upper lip, chin,
thighs, chest and pubic area in both males and females at the onset of puberty.
Individual variations in metabolism also have an impact on hair growth.
The rate of loss and replacement is affected by a number of factors including diet
and illness. Major illness, surgery, loss of blood or stress can increase hair loss Drugs,
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chemicals and other medical treatments such as radiation can also increase hair
loss.
Common hair disorders
The hair growth cycle is under the influence of a number of hormones – oestrogens,
testosterone, adrenal gluco-corticoids, prolactin and growth hormone.
Excess hair growth can result from many inherited conditions and the practitioner
should be aware of such cases. There are two major types of excessive hair growth
disorders:
Hypertrichosis
Hypertrichosis is hair growth over and above what is normally expected when
comparing the individual to others of similar age and sex. The excess hair growth
may or may not involve pigmented hair fibre.
Hypertrichosis can develop all over the body or is localised in a small area, it may
occur in both men and women. Hair growth does not follow a male sexual pattern
and is not caused by any known endocrine abnormalities.
Congenital hypertrichosis is a cover all term for any excessive hair growth visible on a
child at birth.
Acquired hypertrichosis is a cover all term for any excess hair growth that developed
in an individual after birth.
Causes of Hypertrichosis
Genetic or racial disposition – hereditary tendency to heavy hair growth
Stress, anxiety and worry – e.g. Anorexia nervosa
Medications including; contraceptive pill, Minoxidil, Phenytoin, Penicillamine,
Diazoxide, Cyclosporine, Corticosteroids, Phenothiazines
Hirsutism
Hirsutism is excess terminal hair growth in women with a male distribution pattern. The
excess hair growth is limited to one or more areas including the moustache, beard,
chest, and genital region.
Hirsutism is usually associated with increased exposure or sensitivity to hormones
called androgens (“male hormones”).
Hirsutism is an increase of facial or body hair on women that grows in a male growth
pattern resulting in the transformation of vellus to terminal hair, mainly over
androgen dependant areas. It is caused by diseases that result in excess androgen
or by taking certain medicines.
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Hirsutism can be accompanied by other male-type characteristics. Androgen
disorders affect between 5-10% of all women. Most women with hirsutism have an
increased production rate of testosterone and androstenedione. For most women,
the tendency towards hirsutism is inherited.
Excess hair growth may be present in both male and female family members.
Hirsutism usually begins around puberty, but mild hirsutism can start at any age. It
can occur in association with one of several inherited disorders or may occur as a
complication of tumours of the ovaries or adrenal glands.
Causes of Hirsutism
Genetic, racial, family and individual predisposition
Adrenal abnormalities – e.g. Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid disorders
Ovarian disorders such as Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Sexual abnormalities
Hormone imbalance: Natural glandular changes – puberty, pregnancy,
menopause, Tumour or cyst on certain glands
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
One of the most common causes for Hirsutism is PCOS. It is often accompanied by
irregular menstrual cycles, abdominal pain, excessive hair growth and acne.
Excess androgens cause vellus hairs to convert to large, terminal hairs. This occurs in
areas sensitive to androgens (mainly testosterone) and in women only. Removal of
hairs by plucking, waxing or depilatory creams induce the onset of the anagen
phase, so the effect is only temporary.
Electrolysis and laser/IPL treatments may offer the most effective relief for these
clients. There is no set number of treatments or guaranteed permanent results due to
the cause of hair growth.
Pattern baldness
A condition caused by a number of genetics, hormone levels and the biological
clock. The condition is also called androgenetic alopecia and, in men, male-pattern
baldness.
Cause of this type of hair loss. Under the influence of a form of the male hormone
testosterone, the normal cycle of hair growth changes, resulting in shorter, thinner or
"mini" hair. Eventually, hair growth in certain parts of the scalp and or body, stops
entirely, which causes the typical pattern of hair loss.
Wax formulation
Formulation refers the material content or mixture prepared according to a
‘formula’. Along with additional base ingredients and resin, depilatory waxes
beeswax is the key component of both strip and hot wax, each containing different
percentages and other additives to thicken the product, protect and soothe the
skin.
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Function and action of wax ingredients
FUNCTION & ACTION INGREDIENT SOURCE One of the oldest used
ingredients within cosmetic
products. Originally discovered
to regulate a formulations
consistency and now used as
part of the composition of solid
products such as wax, lipsticks
and creams.
Reactions to beeswax are
considered low, with anti-
inflammatory, anti-allergic,
antioxidant and non-
comedogenic.
Beeswax
Natural latex is a particular kind
of rubber that has been
manufactured from the sap of
the rubber tree. Latex can be
used to stabilise an emulsion
and provide flexibility to the
product. Some clients can
develop an allergy to forms of
latex so ensure to check the
ingredient listing prior to use.
Rubber / Latex
Carnauba wax gives solidity to
cosmetic products. It firms fluid
products and gives them
texture. Commonly, this type of
wax is derived from leaves and
buds of the Brazilian wax palm.
Low allergenic and gentle on
the skins surface.
Carnauba wax
Gives glow, flow, water
resistance and adhesion to
cosmetics and waxes. Natural
resins are derived from treated
pine, glucose syrup or honey.
Natural resin
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Has been used to protect,
soothe and heal the skin. It is
obtained from zinc ore, a
commonly found mineral and is
relatively non-allergenic.
Zinc dioxide
Known as an anti-inflammatory,
calming and soothing agent.
Excellent for sensitive areas, it is
derived from the chamomile
flower.
Azulene
Considered to be one of the
most important, powerful and
oil-soluble anti-oxidants, by
protecting the cellular
membrane from free radical
damage.
Vitamin E
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SECTION 4 - REVIEW WAXING SERVICE AND PROVIDE POST
SERVICE ADVICE Adverse effects from waxing treatments and appropriate actions
Adverse effects often result from waxing treatments because of the harsh and
uncomfortable nature of the procedures. Before treatment commences, clients
should be informed about the possibility of experiencing adverse effects. They are
not expected to occur, and as the therapist, every measure must be taken to
prevent these adverse effects from appearing. They can arise immediately or post-
service. You must be able to recognise these effects and advise clients about how
to manage them. The client may notice the following adverse effects after waxing.
Inflammation, to a certain degree an inflammatory response is expected from an
epilation service. The service area will naturally respond with ‘follicular erythema’.
This presents as red spotting around the follicle (pore) of the skin where the hair shaft
has been removed.
An inflammatory response where the skin has become swollen after removal of the
wax could be caused by the following:
too thick an application of wax (strip or hot)
rough removal of wax
over waxing or repeated waxing
waxing around ‘corners’, such as over the inguinal ligament on the bikini line
removing wax by applying the strip part-way along the application of wax as
the force used to lift the strip may cause swelling
normal skin trauma which may reduce with future treatments
The client should be advised to apply a cool pack after treatment and avoid
hot showers or baths and wearing tight clothing.
Spotting of skin, also known as ‘follicular erythema’. A redness appearing on the skin
surface. This should only last for a couple of hours at most. If this lasts over 24 hours
the client should seek medical advice. Until then, occurs, apply a cold compress to
reduce blood flow to the area and so reduce the redness. This will also enhance
healing of any tissue trauma experienced in the waxed area.
Hive-like reactions; should this occur, the client would be advised to use either ice-
cold compresses, calamine lotion or similar. The itchiness can occur due to the new
hair coming through the mouth of the hair follicle. This occurs particularly with
people who have coarse hair and skin. It is recommended that a natural bristle
brush is used lightly on the area to exfoliate and a moisturising lotion applied to
relieve the itchy sensation.
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Ingrown hairs occur sometimes as the hair regrows it coils in the follicle and does not
emerge above the skin. They can be characterised in three (3) different ways:
1. Flat– these hairs grown along beneath the surface of the skin
2. Coiled - these hairs can be inflamed, but remain in the follicle and look like
small blackheads (closed comedome).
3. Infected – similar to the coiled ingrown hairs, yet when met with sebum and
bacteria can become infected. They will present with a white pustule over
the follicle.
Ingrown hairs can arise in a few different ways
1. Reaction to damage – an over-reaction from the basale layer of the
epidermis. Its response is to produce extra keratinocytes (cells). As the new
cells travel up through the epidermal layers, die off and harden, they can
block the opening of the follicle (pore) causing the newly growth hair to be
trapped beneath the surface.
2. Tight clothing – if the client repeatedly wears tight, restricting clothing, such as
stockings, this too can block the newly grown hair surfacing to the skin.
3. Dry skin – due to lack of exfoliation, hydration and or desquamation, a build-
up of dead skin cells will occur. Again, this will block the opening of the
follicle.
The client who is prone to ingrown hairs should use a loofah gently on the area (not
the face) or use home care products that are designed to assist the problem. Clients
should be told that they can use a clean pair of tweezers to gently release the hair
by putting the sharp end of the tweezer under the hair and flicking it upwards.
However they should not pluck the hair. Leave the hair in the follicle so that the
follicle has a chance to normalise and heal. After about four days the hair can be
removed.
Torn skin The surface layer of the epidermis may be removed during the waxing
process, leaving a red mark. This can be caused by:
too thick an application of wax (strip or hot)
rough removal of wax
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over waxing or repeated waxing
waxing sunburnt or previously sunburnt skin
thinned skin caused by clients taking drugs such as ROACCUTANE ®
desensitised skin due to diabetic complications
waxing around ‘corners’, such as over the inguinal ligament on the bikini line
This area may develop hyperpigmentation, especially when exposed to sunlight,
however this will gradually fade. Cold compresses should be applied to the area.
Client must be advised to avoid exposure of that area to sun or solaria until the mark
has completely resolved.
Bruising, The removal of the wax may cause a bruise to form as a result of:
too thick an application of wax (strip or hot)
rough removal of the wax
waxing around ‘corners’
flicking up hot wax with the finger nail instead of the side of the finger
applying wax when it is too cool
removing the wax by applying the strip part way along the application of
wax as the force required to lift the strip may cause bruising
Cold compresses should be applied to the area. Note the bruise on the client card.
Review the technique you are using.
Infections of hair follicle, also known as folliculitis. The client should use antiseptic
lotions on the area, not touch the area unless wearing gloves or having washed
hands. If the infection involves only the odd follicle then it will usually clear up
rapidly, however if it is widespread they should come back to the salon. Referral to a
medical practitioner may be necessary.
Burns will only occur if the temperature of the wax is not monitored and not tested
prior to application. Should a burn occur, it is to be treated by a medical
professional. If blisters form, advise the client to avoid them from breaking, as it can
cause bacteria to enter the wound.
Bleeding from follicle. Blood spots can occur when terminal hairs are removed from
deep hair follicles such as in the underarms or on bikini line. The blood comes from a
damaged capillary at the base of the hair follicle in the dermal papilla. The capillary
is damaged when the hair is pulled against the direction of growth. If this occurs, do
not touch the area with bare hands, wax or a spatula. Instead, the area should be
wiped over with a sterile medical swab to remove the blood spots before any
aftercare product can be applied. If the client re-waxes regularly, this effect will
gradually be reduced over time.
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Aftercare advice, products and future treatments to maintain client treatment
objectives
This advice supports the treatment they receive in salon and aid achieving their
results. This means that you will need to provide them with information about suitable
products to use at home and how to apply them. Remind the client of how to use
the products and confirm the application techniques to be used at home.
Encourage the client to ask questions and provide visual demonstrations to clarify
any information. You can put this information on a card so that the client can take
the instructions home.
Information could include:
Wear loose clothing, particularly undergarments near the bikini line and
underarm to avoid friction and irritation
Do not re-apply stockings after leg and bikini line treatments as the stockings
may carry bacteria which could infect the follicles
Do not sunbathe for 24 hours as the skin will be sensitive and
hyperpigmentation may occur
Do not swim for 24 hours as salt water and chlorine will sting the skin
Do not use deodorant under the arms or skin perfumes for 24 hours because
the ingredients may set up a reaction
Do not use make-up for 4 to 12 hours
Do not have a hot bath for a few hours, only lukewarm water. Do not use
soap as this could irritate the skin
Do not loofah for 2 days (then do not loofah hard)
Moisturise after showering but do not use perfumed lotions
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Use a hair retarder four to five days after treatment
Avoid activities which may cause heavy perspiration or expose the area to
bacteria e.g. gardening or going to the gym
Avoid sand as it may contain bacteria
You should advise on products the client could use at home. Include
instruction on how and when to use them, how long it will last and where it
should be stored.
You may recommend that the client purchases particular beauty products to
enhance the treatment provided or as part of a long-term maintenance
program. For example, ingrown hair solutions.
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SECTION 5 - CLEAN SERVICE AREA
Infectious disease transmission routes and prevention of infection
transmission as it relates to waxing services
Difference between cleaning, disinfection
and sterilisation
Cleaning is the process of removing dirt and
other types of soil from a surface, such as a
dish, glass, or hard surface. Cleaning is
accomplished using a cleaning agent that
removes these deposits and utilizes a
cleaning agent such as ‘spray and wipe’.
Disinfection and Sanitisation is the process of
reducing the number of microorganisms that
are on a properly cleaned surface to a safe level. A safe level is defined as a
99.999% reduction of the number of disease microorganisms that are of public
health importance. Sanitizing is accomplished by using heat, radiation, or
chemicals. Some disinfectants may be harmful to human health. Always check the
manufacture’s (MSDS) prior to using a chemical disinfectant.
Contact time (how long the equipment is in contact with the chemical) may
become ineffective if left for long time periods. Always read manufacturer’s
instructions.
Chemical concentration (manufacture will recommend an optimal strength).
Always read manufacturer’s instructions.
Sterilisation defines the complete destruction of all microorganisms including spores.
This can require the use of a ‘hot-air oven’ or ‘glass-bead steriliser’, but more
commonly used is an Autoclave. This unit sterilises using boiling water; because of
the increased pressure the temperature reaches approximately 121-134◦c
Benefits of chemical and physical disinfection
Chemical disinfectants should be used only for items for which thermal disinfection
and sterilisation are not suitable – for example items unable to be immersed in water
(thermal) or unable to withstand high pressure (sterilisation). It is appropriate to use
chemical disinfectant when equipment or the environment is contaminated with
blood or other body substances and cannot be thermally disinfected. (Detergent is
sufficient for cleaning off perspiration, for example.)
Due to the over use and misuse of chemical disinfectant, many micro-organisms
have become or are becoming resistant to them. For this reason, the routine use of
disinfectants is not recommended. Disinfectants can easily become contaminated
and are a potential source of infection. Detergent or disinfectant solutions should
not be mixed because they may react with each other and in doing so reduce their
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effectiveness or cause harm. Some disinfectants such as those producing chlorine
must be freshly prepared. Operators should only use disinfectants specified by the
Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) and for the approved purpose and
for the time specified by the manufacturer.
Methods of cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation
Any instrument or part of an instrument used on a client should be cleaned with
detergent and warm water, dried and either thermally or chemically disinfected
before being used on another client. Below is a step-by-step procedure:
1. Wash implement with anti-bacterial soap in warm water.
2. Rinse under fresh water
3. Dry
4. Treat with chemical disinfecting / sanitising agent (cover and leave for
appropriate amount of time)
5. Rinse under fresh water
6. Dry
7. Store in a clean, air-tight container
Thermal disinfection uses heat and water (moist heat) at temperatures that destroy
most organisms. It is the most cost-effective and efficient method of disinfection. It is
only suitable for items that can be fully immersed in water at high temperatures. All
items must be fully immersed for the time indicated in the table below once the
water boils. Additional items must not be added during this boiling stage
Micro-organisms
Micro-organisms are everywhere! On all the surfaces you can see, on you and your
clothes, on the tools and equipment you use. Most of these micro-organisms are
harmless; some are even needed to maintain our health. However, there are some
micro-organisms that are harmful to us and cause illness and disease. The goal of
infection control procedures is to kill these harmful micro-organisms and to stop the
movement of them between people (cross-infection). The micro-organisms of
interest in infection control are bacteria, fungi and viruses.
Bacteria
There is a whole classification system that puts
bacteria into categories. For example, you
may have heard of ‘golden staph’. This is a
bacterium that has caused problems in
hospitals. Its real name is Staphylococcus
aureus. It is conical in shape, grows in grape
like clusters and it has a gold colour. About
20% of the population carries golden staph; they often do not know it and it may
cause them no problems. The shape of ‘golden staph’, the way it grows and its
colour help scientists to classify it and give it a name. However, some bacteria are
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useful. An example would be some of the
bacteria in your digestive system that help to
keep the system healthy.
Fungi
Are next on our list and are also useful micro-
organisms to humans. For example they are used
as yeast in bread-baking and in making soy
sauce. A few are harmful to humans. Fungi that are harmful in a facial treatment
context are usually rare, and predominantly found on fingernails, toenails and feet.
They like the warm, moist and dark environment provided by feet which are in socks
and shoes. Fungi like the keratin (a protein) in the nail plate and also the skin. An
example of the type of fungi that can cause problems for you is those that cause
tinea pedis or ‘athletes foot’.
Viruses
The third micro-organisms that we are interested in are viruses. They are sub-
microscopic infectious agents that are unable to exist outside a cell. These are
spread by blood-to-blood contact. Examples of viruses that you should be
concerned in a facial treatment are HIV
and Hepatitis. Clients are not obliged to tell
you that they have blood borne diseases
like HIV and Hepatitis; you are safe to do
treatments on them provided you follow
the guidelines. If the client tells you they
have a blood borne disease you must not
reveal that information to other people.
As a result of the privacy considerations the industry works as if everyone has a
blood borne disease and everyone strictly follows the correct procedures to prevent
cross infection/contamination, that way you are automatically protected whether
your client has a blood borne disease or not. Immunisation against Hepatitis B is
recommended. You need to consult your personal doctor about this option.
Infection control procedures and application of standard precautions as they
apply to the provision of waxing services
Infection control procedures
Infections can be spread between the client and operator, and from client to client,
from you to other employees of the salon and even from you to your family and
friends. This gives you some idea of the importance of following the health
guidelines. Most people that visit your salon will be free of diseases, some will
unknowingly have come into contact with a contagious condition and in rare cases
they may know that they have a contagious condition but hope that you will
proceed with the service anyway. If you follow the recommended procedures in
your States or Territories guidelines you and your clients will be protected from cross
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infection.
Prevention
The above information should not make you uncertain and unconfident in providing
beauty services, you should not be concerned because there are guidelines,
procedures, tools, chemicals and equipment all designed to make it safe for you to
work in the beauty industry.
The first thing you should know is how cross infections can occur. There are many
routes of infection. Intact skin is the body’s first defense against infection. You should
make sure that you have no cuts or abrasions on your skin, if you have cuts and
abrasions you should cover them with a waterproof dressing and gloves, and you
should keep the skin of your hands moisturized and supple.
The first route of infection to consider is through the penetration of the skin. In beauty
services and treatments, it might be through hair removal services. Sometimes the
treated area can bleed. Any instrument that comes into contact with the blood is
then infected and you must follow the right sterilisation process before using the
instrument again.
Wash your hands before and after working on a client, before working on the
next client and if you are interrupted during a service, when you resume the
service.
Follow the workplace procedure for the cleaning and disinfection of tools
and equipment and never mix clean and unclean instruments.
Use clean single use gloves for hair removal procedures
The second route of infection is through open wounds or cuts. If you accidentally
cut the skin on the client and if you also have an uncovered cut on your finger, the
client’s blood can enter your body through the wound.
Ensure any wounds on you or the client with a waterproof dressing that
completely covers the affected area. You can also use clean disposable
gloves if you have a cut on your hand.
Third, contamination of instruments is another way that infection travels from one
person to another. You need to follow a particular procedure to make sure that all
instruments you use are cleaned and disinfected properly and then stored correctly
until they are used on the next client. For example if you use tweezers on a client
and there is an infection that is not visible you will transfer this to the next client if you
reuse the tweezers without following the correct disinfection processes.
Use disposable or single use equipment where possible.
Use equipment that has been properly cleaned and disinfected or if
necessary, sterilised.
Next you should consider what the client comes into contact with and what needs
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to be changed after a service. For example, if a client has an eyebrow wax and you
use a hand band to protect and draw back their hair then that headband must not
be used on another client until it has been laundered correctly.
Linen that has come into contact with the client’s skin should be changed
after each client and laundered according to the State or Territory
guidelines.
Finally, contaminated waste is another source of infection. This can happen when,
for example, you put a cotton round you have used on the client, onto the trolley.
The table top then becomes a potential source of cross contamination during the
service. All waste should go directly into a rubbish bin with a lid.
Waste should be disposed of in accordance with your State or Territory guidelines.
Make sure you dispose of waste directly into the proper bin; never leave used
disposables, soiled linen or other waste lying around.
Sustainable operating procedures for the conservation of product, water and
power Sustainability is about doing more with less. All salons use resources. A resource is a
supply or source that can be used to your benefit. It can be a chemical, a product,
material, equipment or a staff member that helps you to perform your job. A natural
resource is something that has come from the environment that we can use for our
wants and needs.
Environmental sustainable work practices not only satisfy sustainability goals, but also
promote these ideas to the wider community. Sustainability can be grouped into
three categories:
Resource efficiency looks at energy, water and material use and waste generation.
Energy –
Turning off lights and equipment when not in use
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Using power saving functions on office equipment
Using efficient lights
Replacing incandescent tubes with fluorescent tubes
Installing skylights
Keeping heating at 20 degrees Celsius
Insulating rooms
Fitting self-closing doors
Minimising the use of hot water
Using alternative energy sources where possible
Water
Comparing your water usage to others and make adjustments where
needed
Fixing dripping taps
Fixing leaking pipes
Avoiding using water wherever possible
Investigating ways to use or treat wastewater
Material
The way packaging is used
Using materials that produce less waste
The environmental standards of your suppliers
Using recycled materials
Using products designed for long life
Avoiding buying products or services that have a high risk
Only storing materials that you need
Storing all materials in designated areas
Keeping stored materials labelled
Keeping storage areas clean
Ensuring storage containers are sealed
Keeping spill kits in chemical storage areas
Waste
In regards to waste generation, it is important to remember the 3 R’s:
1. Reduce
2. Reuse
3. Recycle
You can reduce waste by:
Quantifying the waste you produce
Accounting for the difference between raw materials and products
produced
Examining work activities to identify ways to reduce waste
Keeping a running tally for waste production
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You can reuse by:
Reusing drums and other containers
Reusing materials within work activities
Selling waste to other production processes
You can recycle by:
Segregating waste where possible
Composting organic waste
Separating recyclable waste