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Shoshone Dictionary
A
aaa (-a) Crow Indian
aapo (-a) apple
ada (-a)
mothers brother (uncle)male cousin
sisters son / daughter (M)
adee they / those(over there) (PL/SUBJ)
adehi them / those (over there) (DL/OBJ)
adeeN their (over there) (PL/POSS)
adeheN their (over there) (DL/POSS)
adehwe they / those (over there) (DL/SUBJ)
adeN that (over there) (SG/SUBJ)
adeuka thats because...
agai (agai) salmon
aka that (over there) (SG/OBJ)
akaN that (over there) (SG/POSS)
aku over there (ADV/PLACE)
andapuN differently (ADV)
ape (-a) father
aseN that (over there) (contrastive)(SG/SUBJ)
a[]wo (awoi) dish / plate
awogozho[]hai- to wash dishes
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(ne) awogozho[]haikwainna
(I) usually wash the dishes (iterative aspect)
(refer to:gozho[]hai-
aiaingabitehwe (-tehi))
red (dual form)
aibehibite (aibehibiti) blue
aidee they / these (not close enough to touch) (PL/SUBJ)
aideeN their (not close enough to touch) (PL/POSS)
aideheN their (not close enough to touch) (DL/POSS)
aidehi they / these (not close enough to touch) (DL/OBJ)
aidehwethese (not close enough to touch)
(DL/SUBJ)
aidei they / these (not close enough to touch) (PL/OBJ)
aideN this (not close enough to touch) (SG/SUBJ)
aika this (not close enough to touch) (SG/OBJ)
aikaN this (not close enough to touch) (SG/POSS)
aiki here (not close enough to touch) (ADV/PLACE)
aikwehibite (aikwehibiti) purple
ainga- red (prefix)
aingaaibi (-ti/-ta) pink
aingabite (aingabiti) red
aisheNthis (not close enough to touch)(singular) (subject case) (contrastive aspect)
aisheN thank you
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aishimbite (aishimbiti) grey
B
baa (bai) water
baaema- [baaewa-]
baaema [baaewa]
baaemafenni
to rain hard
it rains/rained hard (durative aspect)
it is/was raining hard (continuative aspect)
baagenaiH-
baagenaihka
baagenaihkanna
to be foggy
it is/was foggy (resultative aspect)
that/while it is foggy (relative clause)
baaN on top of (postposition)
baandeabove, (high) over (postposition)
(static transitive verbs with no motion)
baangu
on top of (postposition)
(transitive verbs of motion; movement towards)
baazagaiH-
baazagaifenni
baazagai
to sprinkle, rain lightly
it is/was sprinkling (continuative aspect)
it sprinkles/sprinkled (durative aspect)
babi (-a) older brother
bahambia (-a) brothers wife, sister-in-law (female)
baha (-a)
fathers sister, auntfathers female cousin
brothers son/daughter (female)
baide (-a) daughter (also: baide (baidi))
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-baidu at; towards, to (postposition) (also: -baitu)
baihyugi next to; beside (postposition)
baingwi (baingwi) fish
baisheN already
-baitu (refer to: -baidu)
bakiehe (-a) Blackfeet (Indian)
banabuiH (-ha) / banabui (-a) window
bannaite (-a) Bannock (Indian)
basa-
basnnu
to dry up (intransitive verb)
dried up (completive)
basakwai-
basakwainna
to be/become dry (intransitive verb)
that/which becomes dry (relative clause)
basigoo (basigooa) Indian potatoes (camas root)
bazi (-a) older sister; older female cousin; herself
beaichehku (early) morning
beaichehkuseN (early) in the morning (adverb)
beaim beeN long ago, a long time ago (adverb)
beaiN long ago, a long time ago (adverb)
beaitembe (-ha) old
benneN self (myself, oneself etc.)
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bia (-a) mother; mothers sister (aunt)
biagwasuu (-na) coat
biaseemote (one) hundred
biaape (-a) fathers older brother
biaichi (-a)
bibiaichinehwe (-nehi)
bibiaichi (-a)
big
big (dual form)
big (plural form)
-bide- to arrive and (+ verb) (auxiliary verb)
bide-
biide-
bidennu
to arrive (intransitive verb)
(pausal form)
has/have arrived, has/have come (completive aspect)
biiyaiH-
biiyaihka
to be left over
is/are left over (resultative aspect)
binna[]gwa then; later (adverb)
binnagwaseN later (adverb)
binnangwa behind (facing speaker) (postposition)
bituseN back (adverb)
bizhiyuhu (bizhiyuhi) butter
bizhi (-a) udder (of cow); breast; milk
bizhiguchuN (-na) milk cow (feminine gender)
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Bohogoi Gibson (district on the Fort Hall reservation)
Botoode Fort Hall (used by older speakers)
boyokamia-
boyokamia
to trot (of horses)
to walk (masculine gender) (transitive verb)
is/are trottingis/are walking (masculine gender) (durative aspect)
bozhe[]na (bozhe[]nai) buffalo / bison
buhibite (buhibiti) green
buhi-dekape (-ha) (head of) lettuce; salad
buhihsea-
buhihseagu
to sprout (of plants);
to have new green growth (transitive verb)(literal: to grow green)
while/when sprouting;
while/when having new green- growth (of plants)(relative clause)
bui-
buiki
to see (intransitive verb) (transitive verb)
saw (something) and just arrived
buinuhi will see (expective aspect)
bungu (bungui/bungi) horse
bu[]ni-
bu[]nni
to see by chance, happen to see (transitive verb)
saw by chance, happened to see (durative aspect)
D
daa one, someone, somebody, some thing (indefinite pronoun)
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daadekaH-
daadekahwatsi
to eat breakfast
after having eaten breakfast (relative clause)
daam baagenaihkanna that/while it is foggy (relative clause)
daaN someones, ones (possessive case)
daaN refer to: dahaN
daan daiboo
dedaigwannawritten materials (in English); reading materials (in English)(nominalized verb)
daan gutsenihkanna that/while it is hot (relative clause)
daan newedaigwannaspeaking (the) Indian (language)
(nominalized verb)
daa weinna that/while it is raining (relative clause)
dabaidekaH- to eat lunch
dabaidekaneimii-to usually go (away) to eat
(and then come back, on a daily basis)
dabaiwa all day long (adverb)
dabaishuaiH-
dabaishuai-gande
dabaishuaihka
to be sunny
to have sunshine
it is sunny (resultative aspect)
dabaiyi daytime, during the day; noon, at noon (adverb)
daga (-a) friend (referring to a male) (male speech) (archaic form)
daga only; just; but (adverb)
dahaN our (dual form) (possessive case) (includes the listener)
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bannaite (-a)above us two, (high) over us two
(dual form) (includes the listener)
dahna-
nadahna-
nadahnakandui
to set (something) down
to be set down (passive voice)
will be set down (future tense) (passive voice)
dahwa[]ni
dahwaa[]ni
spring (noun); in the spring time (adverb)
(pausal form)
dahwe we (dual form) (subject case) (includes the listener)
daiboo (-a) white person; Euro-American
daibooan daigwape (-
ha)the English language
daigwa-
daigwade
daigwaade
to speak, talk (intransitive verb) (transitive verb)
speak/speaks (customary/habitual aspect)
(pausal form)
daigwape (-ha) language; speech; word(s)
daizhi sisters husband, brother-in-law (M)
dakabi (-ta) snow
dakaduaai-
dakaduaaiyu
to snow a lot; to accumulate snow (intransitive verb)
it snows a lot; the snow is slowly accumulating
(progressive aspect)
dakaweiH- to snow
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dakweigu
dakweihwa
dakwei
while it snowed, when it snowed
it snowed (momentaneous aspect)
it snowed (durative aspect)
damme we (plural form) (includes the listener)
dammeN our (plural form) (possessive case) (includes the listener)
dammen daiboo
dedaigwannarefer to: daan daiboo dedaigwanna
dammen
newedaigwannarefer to: daan newedaigwanna
dapaihyaaH-
dapaihyahwa
to put on (ones) socks
put (past) on (ones) socks (momentaneous aspect)
dapaihyaa sock(s)
dawi (-a) younger brother; younger male cousin
da[]zaN summer (noun); in the summertime (adverb)
daoda-
daota
to find (transitive verb)
find/finds (durative aspect)
dease-
deaseka
to be freezing cold (of weather)
it is freezing cold (resultative aspect)
deaseN also, too
debofoi-
debofoide
to study
study/studies, am/is/are a student (habitual/customary aspect)
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deboo- to write; to draw (transitive verb)
deboogwapi (-ha) writer, journalist; secretary
deche suaN-
deche suangenna
to dislike (transitive verb)
dislikes/dislike (repetitive apect)
deche wesunga-
deche wesunga
to dislike, not feel good about
dislikes/dislike; doesnt/dont feel good about (durative aspect)
dedaigwa- to read (intransitive verb)
dedakooni (-a) policeman
dedaposiigwapi (-ha) carpenter
dedeai-
dedeai
to work
work/works (durative aspect)
dedeaii- to work (on a daily basis)
dedeainukimii- to run off to work (on a daily basis)
dedeaipede
(dedeaipedi)
dedeaipedee (-dei)
child
children
dedeainge-
dedeaingenna
to work for (someone/something) (causative aspect)
work/works for (iterative aspect)
deesua- to feel; be (in a certain mental state)
degumahaningeN- to cook for (someone)
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degumahaningebidegu
aai-
to usually arrive and go cook for (someone)
(on a habitual basis)
degumahanipe (-ha) (oven-baked) bread
degupita (-a) (electric) light
degwasenge (-a) frying-pan
deheya (-a) deer
deheyaan duku (duki) deer meat, venison
dei (-a) (female) friend (referring to a female)
deiape (-a) fathers younger brother; uncle
deigu (-a) a little (bit)
deingu (-a) refer to: deigu
deka- to eat (intransitive verb) (transitive verb)
dekade
dekfenni
dekkuandui
dekyu
dekayu
eat/eats (customary/habitual aspect)
am/are/is eating(something that does not take very long, such as a snack)
(continuative)
will go to eat/going to eat
am/are/is eating(something that takes a while, such as a full meal)
(progressive)
(pausal form)
deka-gahni (-gahni) restaurant
dekape (-ha) eaten (adjective); food (noun)
demaseN then
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Dembimbosaage Idaho Falls, Idaho (lit: stone bridge)
dembuiH- to watch (transitive verb)
dembuihka am/are/is watching (resultative aspect)
dembuitegi-
dembuiteki
dembuitegiiyu
o sit and watch
sat and watched (durative aspect)
usually sit(s) and watch(es) (progressive aspect)
-deN (customary/habitual aspect) (suffix)
-deN -dehwe : (dual form); dee: (plural form)(nominal suffix)
one who: (+ verb)-s; (verb)-er
denangabizhiaN-
denangabizhiande
to obey; learn by listening; behave
am/are/is obeying, learning by listening(customary/habitual aspect)
denihani- to judge (someone/something) (transitive verb)
denihanigwapi (-ha) judge, lawyer
denitoai- to sing (intransitive verb)
denitoaigwapi (-ha) singer
dewaseange-
dewaseangeiyu
to farm (intransitive verb)
farm(s) (on a habitual basis) (progressive aspect)
dewee-
deweedui
to buy
will buy (future tense)
dezahani- to drive (a vehicle); to operate (something) by hand
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dezahanigwapi (-ha) driver (of a vehicle)
dezakena- to sew (something) (transitive verb)
dezakenaai-
dezakenaaiyu
to usually sew
am/are/is usually sewing (progressive aspect)
dezatebofoingeH-
dezatebofoingenna
to teach (intransitive verb)
teach/teaches (iterative aspect) (intransitive verb)
dezo[]woi (-ha) hat
dogo (-a)(maternal) grandfather;
grandchild(ren) (Male) (by ones daughter)
dogwai right (at), exact(ly) (adverb)
dogwai-dabai[]yi noon; 12 p.m.
dogwai-duga[]ni midnight; 12 a.m.
domahani-
domahanihpenni
to knead (dough) (intransitive verb) (transitive verb)
am/are/is kneading (dough) (continuative aspect)
do[]mmo winter, in winter, winter-time (adverb)
do[]mmo
egi do[]mmo
year; winter (weather) (noun)
this winter
dosa- white (adjective prefix)
dosabite (dosabiti) white
dowoa- to be cloudy
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dowoahka it is/was cloudy (resultative aspect)
doyadaiboo (-a) Mexican, Mexican-American, Hispanic
doaiH-
doaihwa
to emerge; come out; go out
emerged, came out (momentaneous aspect)
dua (-a) son
dubiichi (-ha) quarter (twenty-five cents)
ducha- dirty (adjective prefix)
duchaawo(duchaawoi)
dirty dishes
dugani night; at night (noun)
dugu must, have to (adverb)
duhubite (duhubiti) black
dukaN under (postposition)
dukangu under (postposition)
dukai under (postposition)
duku (duki) meat, flesh; mountain sheep
duN in, with, by use of (a language) (postposition)
duu-daiboo (-a) black person, African-American
duyepe (-a) boy
dui will be (postposition)
Dzoon (-ha) John
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E
edeiN-
edeinde
to be hot
it is hot (customary/habitual aspect)
ege- new (adjective prefix)
egebichi (-ha) new
egi now
egi beaichehku this morning (adverb of time)
egi dabaiyi today (adverb of time)
egi dahwani this spring (adverb of time)
egi dahwani gimaginde next spring (adverb of time)
egi daza this summer (adverb of time)
egi dazan gimaginde next spring (adverb of time)
egi do[]mmo this winter (adverb of time)
egi dommo gimaginde next winter (adverb of time)
egi yebani this fall (adverb of time)
egi yebani gimaginde next fall (adverb of time)
egi yeitabaiyi this afternoon (adverb of time)
egi yeika this evening (adverb of time)
e[]mmi you (singularform) (object case)
eN you (singularform) (object case)
eN your (singularform) (possessive case)
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e[]nne you (singularform) (subject case)
ezheikanna that/while it is cold (relativeclause)
ezheiN-
ezheinde (ezheindi)
to be cold (intransitive verb)
(it) is cold (customary/habitual aspect)
ezheinniku as cold (as)
F
-fe[]ni/-pe[]ni (continuative aspect) (verbal suffix)
G
gaH in, at (postposition)
-gati
in (postposition)(transitive verbs of motion)
(or movement within a specified area)
(object case of nominalized postpositional phrase)
gade-
gat
to sit
am/are/is sitting (durative aspect)
gadenoo (gadenooa) chair
gagu (-a)(maternal) grandmother;
grand child(ren) (by ones daughter) (female speech)
gahniN (gahniN) house
gahte at (used with static verbs that indicate no notion)
gahtei at; people at (a specific location) (plural form)
gahtu to (postposition)
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gaahtu (pausal form)
gahyunde at
gai not
gai no
gai himbaigaN not much
gaihiwa'iits not there; theres nothing there
(EXPR)
gaisheN not yet
gaisheseN not yet (very informal version of: gaisheN)
gaiyuuN late
gande to have
gapai (gapai) bed
gapii (-a) coffee
gebedande (gebedandi) long
gedii (-a) cat
-genna (repetitive aspect) (verbal suffix)
genduN yesterday (adverb)
gendum beaichehku yesterday morning (adverb of time)
gendu yeika yesterday evening (adverb of time)
gendu yeitabaiyi yesterday afternoon (adverb of time)
genga (gengai) onion
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genu (-a)(paternal) grandfather
grandchild(ren) (by ones son) (masculine speech)
gesunga-
deche gesunga-
to like (by tasting with the mouth); to taste
to not like (by tasting with the mouth)
getaaN very; really; extremely (adverb)
gewaga next to, beside (postposition)
gewagahkunext to (transitive verbs of motion)
(or movement towards) (postposition)
gia maybe, perhaps
gia se[]ba maybe, perhaps
gizhaa not good (also: gai tsaa)
gooni-to go and come back;to make a round trip (intransitive verb)
gooni- to mark a circle; cycle (intransitive verb)
goonipe cycled; gone (around) in a circle (perfect)
gotoo (-a) fire
gotoonoo (-a) stove
gozho[]hai- to wash (something) (transitive verb)
goaiH- to return, go back, come back
goaihki- to come home (from perspective of speaker)
goaihkimii- to usually come home (on a habitual basis)
-gu while, when (subordinator)
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guchuN (guchuna) cow
guhnaiki-
guhnikingu
to run (of a motor) (intransitive verb)
is running (of a motor) (intransitive verb)
(momentaneous aspect)
gu[]na (gu[]na) wood
gunawaimungu (gunawaimungi) train; box-car; railroad
gupa in; within (POSTPOS)
gupangu
in; within (transitive verbs of motion)
(or movement towards)(postposition)
gusa (gusai) pants
gutseniH- to heat up, get hot
gutsnihkait heats up, it gets hot; it heated up; it got hot
(resultative aspect)
gutsenihkaai-
gutsenihkaaiyu
to be continuously hot (of the weather) (intransitive verb)
it is continuously hot (progressive)
guyungwiyaa (-a) turkey
guyungwiyaaan duku (duki) turkey (meat)
-gwa-(indicates direction away from the speaker)
(auxiliary verb)
gwasuuN (-na) dress, skirt; shirt, blouse
gwee (gwehi) wife
gwehe (gwehi) wife (ALTERNATIVE)
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gwiipusiaH-
gwiipusiahka
to be smoky (of the environment)
it is smoky, it was smoky (resultative aspect)
H
ha (question particle)
haa yes
ha[]bi-
habikwainna
hap
to lie, be (in a supine position); lie down, go to bed
usually go/goes to bed (iterative aspect)
am/is/are lying (in a supine position) (durative aspect)
haga where?
hagaahti? where at?
hagadeN
hagaadeN
who?
(pausal form)
hagadeNwhich...? (+ noun)
hagai how? what?
hagai enne? what do you mean?
hagaiti
how? what?
(transitive verbs of motion,or movement within specified area)
(object of nominalizedpostpositionalphrase)
haganai (from) where?
haganaite (from) where? (a specific place- name)
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hagani
hagani naakwa?
how? in what way? what? (non-material)
what happened?
haganihatu how? in what way? what? (non-material)(intransitive verb of motion)
(movement towards or into specified area)
haganiyunde why? how come?
hagapundu (to) where?
hagaaku where?
hagaa[]nna
hagaaanna
where?
(pausal form)
hainji (-ha) (male) friend
ha[]niibe (-ha) (Indian) corn, maize
hanni-
hanniyu
hanniiyu
to do (INTR/TR)
am/are/is doing (progressive)
(pausal form)
hapm/is/are lying (in a supine position) (durative aspect)
(refer to: ha[]bi-)
ha[]yangenaa first, first (thing)
hibi-
hibinna
to drink
that ... is/are drinking (subordinating suffix)
himbai when?
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himbaigaN
gai himbaigaN
how much?
not much
himbaigande how much?
himbaigandee (himbaigandei) how many?
himbaigandengahtu
himbaigaandengahtu
for how much (money)?
(pausal form)
hinga dabai what time (of day)?
hinga dabai nahayu? what time (of day) is it?
hi[]nni (hi[]nna) what?
hiwange-
hiwangekuandui
to pick up (things) with the hands; select (from a pile)
will go and pick (things) up with the hands (future)
hukuneaiH-
hukuneaifenni
to blow dust (intransitive verb)
it is blowing dust (continuative aspect)
hutsi (-a) (paternal) grandmother;
grandchild(ren) (by ones son) (female speech)
I
-i-
(indicates periodic repetitive or habitual action)
(prefinal verbal suffix)
idee
these (close enough to touch)
(demonstrative pronoun)(plural form) (subject case)
ideeN their (close enough to touch)
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(demonstrative pronoun)
(plural form) (possessive case)
idei
these (close enough to touch)
(demonstrative pronoun)
(plural form) (objective case)
ideheN
these (two) (close enough to touch)(demonstrative pronoun)
(dual form) (possessive case)
idehithese (two) (close enough to touch)(demonstrative pronoun)
(dual form) (objective case)
idehwe
those (two) (close enough to touch)
(demonstrative pronoun)
(dual form) (subject case)
ideN
this (close enough to touch)
(demonstrative pronoun)(singular form) (subject case)
ika
this (close enough to touch)
(demonstrative pronoun)(singular form) (object case)
ikaN
this (close enough to touch)(demonstrative pronoun)
(singular form) (possessive case)
iki right here (adverb of place)
iki mai here it is
isheN
this (close enough to touch)
(demonstrative pronoun)(singular form) (subject case)(contrastive aspect)
iwaa tomorrow (adverb of time)
iwaa beaichehku tomorrow morning (adverb of time)
(refer to: beaichehku)
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iwaa duganitomorrow night (adverb of time)
(refer to: dugani)
iwaa yeikatomorrow evening (adverb of time)
(refer to: yeika)
iwaa yeitabaiyitomorrow afternoon (adverb of time)
(refer to: yeitabaiyi)
izhape coyote (noun)
K
-ka (resultative)(verb)(suffix)
-ki ( + verb)-ed and just arrived(auxiliary verb)
-ku(momentaneous)(verb)(suffix)(variant of-kwa/-hwa)
-kuago and ( + verb)(auxiliary verb)
-kwa(momentaneous)(verb)(suffix)
(variant of-kwa and -ku)
-kwainahabitually ( + verb)
(variant of-hwainna)
M
ma this/that, it (visible)
-maai with, in addition to
maaikuwith, in addition to
(variant ofmaai)
maa[]nangwaH
behind
(behind something and away from speaker)
(postposition)
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maa[]nangwahku
behind
(transitive verbs of motion, movement towards speaker)(postposition)
mabizhiaN- to fix with the hands (transitive)
made this/that (neutral distance)(demonstrative pronoun) (plural) (subject)
madeheNthis/that (neutral distance)
(demonstrative pronoun) (dual) (possessive case)
madehithis/that (neutral distance)
(demonstrative pronoun) (dual) (object case)
madehwe this/that (neutral distance)(demonstrative pronoun) (dual) (subject case)
madeithis/that (neutral distance)
(demonstrative pronoun) (plural) (object case)
madeNthis/that (neutral distance)
(demonstrative pronoun) (singular) (subject case)
magozhohai- to wash with the hand(s) (verb)
-mahwakaafter finish ( + verb)-ing
(auxiliary verb)
maithey say, people say, it is said
(QUESTION PARITICLE)
-mai (variant ofmaai)
maiku okay, alright
maitenga outside (adverb of place)
maitengaku
outside
(transitive verbs of motion)
(movement towards speaker)(adverb of place)
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maitengate
outside
(used with static verbs that indicate no motion)(adverb of place)
makathis/that (neutral distance)
(demonstrative pronoun) (singular) (object case)
makaNthis/that (neutral distance)(demonstrative pronoun) (singular) (possessive case)
manegiseemote fifty (number)
manegitee (manegitei) five (of something) (noun)
maseange- to plant, sow, raise (animals) (transitive verb)
maseN
this/that (neutral distance)
(demonstrative pronoun) (singular) (subject case)(CONTRASTIVE)
maseaplant/plants, sow/sows, raise/raises (animals)
(durative aspect) (transitive verb)
meheN your (dual)
mehwe you (dual)
memme you (plural)
memmeN your (plural)
mia lets go (see mia-)
mia-
miayu
miaayu
mimiayu
to go (intransitive verb)
am/are/is walking (singular and plural)
(pausal)
(dualform ofmiayu)
miawaiH- to go out
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miawaihyu
going out (progressive aspect)
-mii- (indicates habitual, repeated action)(verbal suffix)
mimiayu (dualform ofmiayu)
mubii (-ha) car, automobile
munna[]gwa last year (adverb of time)
munnagwa dahwani last spring (adverb of time)
munnagwa daza last summer (adverb of time)
munnagwa dommo last winter (adverb of time)
munnagwa yebani last fall (adverb of time)
N
na- (passive voice) (verbal prefix)
-nna (iterative aspect) (verbal suffix)
naa-to happen, become; be; do(variant of: naha-)
naafaite (naafaite) six
naafaitee (naafaitei) six (of something)
naafaitenga daa naakihka at six (oclock)
naakiH-
naakihka
to become, get to be (in time)
(it) becomes (in time), gets to be (in time)
(resultative aspect)
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nabuiH-
nabuinde
to be seen, be, look (like) (passive ofbui-)
looks (like), is/are seen
(habitual/customary aspect)
nadainape (-a) husband; sisters husband (F)
nadahna-
nadahnakandui
to be set down (passive ofdahna-)
will be set down (future)
nadatewade (nadatewadi)
nadatewaate
package, carton
(pausal form)
nadeasengepe (-ha)frozen (adjective)
something frozen (noun)
nadewaga-
nadewagahwa
to sell
sold (momentaneous aspect)
nadewagagwapi (-ha) cashier, vendor, merchant
nadewengahni (nadewengahni) store
nadoaigahni (nadoaigahni) bathroom, restroom, toilet (feminine gender)
nagozho[]hai-
nagozhaineitsi
to bathe (intransitive verb)
after have gone and bathed (on a daily basis)
naha-to do, make, happen (intransitive verb)
(alternate form of: naa-)
nahape has become (perfective tense)
nai from (postposition)
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naite from (+ place name) (postposition)
nambe (nambeha/nampeha) shoe
nammi (-a) younger sister
nangasumbaadu-
nangasumbaaduka
to understand (by hearing) (transitive verb)
understand/understands (resultative tense)
naniha (nanihai) name
naniha-
nanihade
nanihaade
to be named/called
is called, be named (customary/habitual aspect)
(pausal form)
naninakai-
naninakaide
to cost
it costs (customary/habitual aspect)
nanimee-
nanimede
nanimeete
to cost
it costs (customary/habitual aspect)
(pausal form)
nasundeganaaH-
nasundeganaahka
to plan (something)
plan/plans (resultative aspect)
natesuuN (-na) medicine
natesuungahni (natesuungahni) hospital
nawasoaH- to get dressed (intransitive verb)
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nawasoa
nawasoahwainna
nawasoakua
put on your clothes! (imperative aspect)
habitually get/gets dressed
go and put on your clothes!
nawaaipe (-a) wife; brothers wife (masculine tense)
nazatewa (-a) door
nazawaiyiH-
nazawaiyihka
to hang (intransitive verb)
am/is/are hanging (resultative tense)
neI (subject case)
my
neai-
neai
neaide (neaidi)
neaipenni
to blow (of wind), be windy
it is/was windy (durative aspect)
it is windy (habitual/customary)
it is windy (continuative tense)
neaN my, mine
neheNour (exclusive pronoun)
(dual form) (subject case)
nehwewe(exclusive pronoun)
(dual form) (subject case)
-nei- to go and (+ verb) and return(auxiliary verb)
-neileft (to do something) and came back(auxiliaryverb) (suffix)
nemmewe(plural form) (subject case) (exclusive pronoun)
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nemmeN our (plural form) (exclusive pronoun)
nemmius, for us
(plural form) (object case) (exclusive pronoun)
ne[]we (ne[]wi) person, Indian, Shoshoni (Indian)
newedaigwape (-ha) the Indian peoples language
ne[]we duNin (the) Shoshoni/Indian (language)
through the Indian/Shoshoni language
newezoikai (-ha) Nez Perce (Indian)
niikwi-
niikwi
niigwina
to tell, say
(intransitive verb) (transitive verb)
said, told (momentaneous aspect)
telling, saying (to) (iterative aspect)
-nniku like..., as... (postpostition)
noha used to
noondea or else, otherwise
noyo (noyi) egg
nooyo (nooyi) testicle
nuki- to run
nukndemajust go then! (expression)
O
odeethat (demonstrative pronoun)(plural form) (subject case)
odeeN that (demonstrative pronoun)
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(plural form) (possessive case)
odeithat (demonstrative pronoun)
(plural form) (object case)
odeheN that (demonstrative pronoun)(dual form) (possessive case)
odehithat (demonstrative pronoun)
(dual form) (object case)
odehwethat (demonstrative pronoun)(dual form) (subject case)
odeN that (demonstrative pronoun)
(singular form) (subject case)
ogwaideNflowing (adjective)river, stream (noun)
ohapite (ohapiti)
oohapitee
yellow
(plural form)
okathat (demonstrative pronoun)
(singular form) (object case)
okaNthat (demonstrative pronoun)
(singular form) (possessive case)
oku there (adverb of place)
ondembite (ondembiti) brown
oseN that (contrastive aspect)
oyoseN always
P
-pe (perfective aspect)
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-pe[]nni/-fe[]nni (continuative aspect)
S
saape (-ha) stew
sa[]bai in there
sadeethat (within sight) (aspecific object)(demonstrative pronoun) (plural)
(subject case)
sadee (sadeea) dog
sadeeN
that (within sight) (aspecific object)
(demonstrative pronoun)(plural) (possessive case)
sadeheNthat (within sight) (aspecific object)(demonstrative pronoun)
(dual) (possessive case)
sadehi
that (within sight) (aspecific object)
(demonstrative pronoun)
(dual) (object case)
sadehwethat (within sight) (aspecific object)(demonstrative pronoun)
(dual) (subject case)
sadei
that (within sight) (aspecific object)(demonstrative pronoun)
(plural form) (object case)
sadeN
that (within sight) (aspecific object)
(demonstrative pronoun)(singular form) (subject case)
saidee
this (not close enough to touch)
(aspecific object)
(demonstrative pronoun)(plural form) (subject case)
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saideeN
this (not close enough to touch)
(aspecific object)(demonstrative pronoun)
(plural form) (possessive case)
saideheN this (not close enough to touch)(demonstrative pronoun) (dual form)
(refers to a specific object) (possessive case)
saidehi
this here (not close enough to touch)
(demonstrative pronoun) (dual form)
(refers to a specific object) (object case)
saidehwe
this here (not close enough to touch)
(demonstrative pronoun) (dual form)(refers to a specific object) (subject case)
saideithis (not close enough to touch)(demonstrative pronoun) (plural form)
(refers to a specific object) (object case)
saideN
this here (not close enough to touch)
(demonstrative pronoun) (singular form)
(refers to a specific object) (object case)
SaigwiogwaiBannock Creek (Fort Hall Reservation)
(also: Saigwihunu)
saika
this here (but not close enough to touch)
(demonstrative pronoun) (singular form)
(refers to a specific object) (object case)
saikaN
this here (not close enough to touch)
(demonstrative pronoun) (singular form)
(refers to a specific object) (possessive case)
saiki here (not close enough to touch)(adverb of place) (refers to a specific object)
saitu over here (adverb of place)
saka
that (within sight)
(demonstrative pronoun) (singular form)
(refers to a specific object) (object case)
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sakaN
that (within sight)
(demonstrative pronoun) (singular form)(refers to a specific object) (possessive case)
sakuover there (adverb of place)
(refers to a specific object)
se[]ba maybe, perhaps
sebagia maybe, perhaps
seemote ten (number)
seme (-a) one (number)
sengwaibi half (used only in reference to money)(noun)
sesewe sometimes
sewe one (alternate of: seme)
sii-bungu (sii-bungi) sheep
sii-bungudaiboo (-a) Basque
sideeN
this (close enough to touch)
(demonstrative pronoun) (plural form)(refers to a specific object) (possessive case)
sideethis (close enough to touch)(demonstrative pronoun) (plural form)
(refers to a specific object) (subject case)
sidei
this (close enough to touch)
(demonstrative pronoun) (plural form)(refers to a specific object) (object case)
sideheN
this (close enough to touch)
(demonstrative pronoun) (dual form)
(refers to a specific object) (possessive case)
sidehi this (close enough to touch)
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(demonstrative pronoun) (dual form)
(refers to a specific object) (object case)
sidehwe
this (close enough to touch)
(demonstrative pronoun) (dual form)
(refers to a specific object) (subject case)
sideNthis (close enough to touch)(demonstrative pronoun) (singular form)
(refers to a specific object) (subject case)
sikathis (close enough to touch)(demonstrative pronoun) (singular form)
(refers to a specific object) (object case)
sikaN
this (close enough to touch)
(demonstrative pronoun) (singular form)
(refers to a specific object) (possessive case)
sikiright here (adverb of place)
(refers to a specific object)
sikiteN right here (adverb of place)
sodeeNthat (demonstrative pronoun) (plural form)(refers to a specific object) (possessive case)
sodeethat (demonstrative pronoun) (plural form)(refers to a specific object) (subject case)
sodeheNthat (demonstrative pronoun) (dual form)(refers to a specific object) (subject case)
sodehithat (demonstrative pronoun) (dual form)
(refers to a specific object) (object case)
sodehwe that (demonstrative pronoun) (dual form)(refers to a specific object) (subject case)
sodeithat (demonstrative pronoun) (plural form)
(refers to a specific object) (object case)
sodeNthat (demonstrative pronoun) (singular form)
(refers to a specific object) (subject case)
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soho[]bi (-ta) tree
sokathat (demonstrative pronoun) (singular form)
(refers to a specific object) (object case)
sokaN that (demonstrative pronoun) (singular form)(refers to a specific object) (possessive case)
sokuthere (adverb of place)
(refers to a specific object)
sooNa lot, much, many(adverb) (quantifier)
Soo-gahniBlackfoot (Idaho)
(literally.: many houses)
sooseN a lot, much
sosoni (-a) Shoshoni (Indian)
sotoover that way (demonstrative pronoun)(locative aspect)
suaN- to think, want, feel, need (transitive verb)
subai then
su[]bai in there
sudeethat (out of sight)(demonstrative pronoun) (plural form)
(refers to a specific object) (subject case)
sudeeN
that (out of sight)
(demonstrative pronoun) (plural form)(refers to a specific object) (possessive case)
sudeheN
that (out of sight)
(demonstrative pronoun) (dual form)
(refers to a specific object) (possessive case)
sudehi that (out of sight)
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(demonstrative pronoun) (dual form)
(refers to a specific object) (object case)
sudehwe
that (out of sight)
(demonstrative pronoun) (dual form)
(refers to a specific object) (subject case)
sudeithat (out of sight)(demonstrative pronoun) (plural form)
(refers to a specific object) (object case)
sudeNthat (out of sight)(demonstrative pronoun) (singular form)
(refers to a specific object) (subject case)
suka
that (out of sight)
(demonstrative pronoun) (singular form)
(refers to a specific object) (object case)
sukaN
that (out of sight)
(demonstrative pronoun) (singular form)(refers to a specific object) (possessive case)
sukuthere (out of sight)
(adverb of place) (refers to a specific object)
(gai) sumbanai-
gai sumbanainna
to not know (intransitive/transitive verb)
know not/knows not (iterative aspect)
suniyundethats why (conjuction)(variant form of: sunihyunde)
suwai-
suwai
suwaihka
sua
to want, need
want/wants, need/needs (durative aspect)(implies that there are only one or two items to choose from)
want/wants, need/needs (resultative aspect)
(implies large selection of items to choose from)
thinking, think/thinks (durative aspect)
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suahaibei-
suahaibeideN
suahaibeidee
to mess up (transitive verb)
someone who messes things up
(habitual/customary aspect)
people who mess things up
(dual form: suahaidehwe)
suana
suaana
at, about, around, usually (adverb)
(used with expressions of time)
(pausal form)
T
-teese only... (added to numbers)
-tegi-
to start (to), begin (to)be (in a place), be seated
put (auxiliary verb)
tsa-by hand, with the hands
(instrumental prefix)
tsaa-baingwi mountain trout
tsaaN good; well
tsaan deesua
(it) feels good
(it) has a good out look
(durative aspect)
tsaandetsi (-a) nice, little kid
tsaangesunga- to like the taste of (something)
tsaangu beaichehkugood morning(variant form of: tsaangu baiche)
tsaangu yeitabaiyi/yeitatabaiyi good afternoon
tsaangu yeyeika good evening
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tsaasuaN-
tsaasuangenna
to like, think well of (transitive verb)
likes/like (repetitive aspect)
tsaawesunga-
tsaawesunga
to feel good about (something), like (something)
feels/feel good about, likes/like (durative aspect)
tsadamani (-ha) Chinese (person); Chinese (language)
tsatebofoiN- to teach
tsateboofoi
tsateboofoingeH-
teach/teaches, am/is/are teaching (durative aspect)
to teach (something) (TR)
tsateboofoingehwainna
tsateboofoingenna
tsateboofoingetegimii-
teach/teaches on a daily basis
teach/teaches, am/is/are teaching (something) (INTR)
to start teaching (something) on a daily basis
tsategi- to put by hand (transitive verb)
tsategi-nei went and put it (and has/have returned)
tsautu"- to give (something) by hand (transitive verb)
tsayaahki-
tsayaahki
to carry with both hands down low (transitive verb)
carry (it) with both hands down low (imperative tense)
-tsi after having (+ verb) (verval suffix)
tsiambe (-ha) tomato
tsina (-a) potatoes
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tsiina (pausal form)
tsoape (-ha) ghost
tsugupe (-a) old man
U
u
u sengwaibi
u sengwaibi maai
him; her; it; them (someone/thing already mentioned) (OBJ)
half (used only in reference to money)
fifty cents (literally: with half of it (a dollar))
udeethat (out of sight) (demonstrative pronoun)
(plural form) (subject case)
udeeNthat (out of sight) (demonstrative pronoun)(plural form) (possessive case)
udehithat (out of sight) (demonstrative pronoun)(dual form) (object case)
udehwethat (out of sight) (demonstrative pronoun)(dual form) (subject case)
udeithat (out of sight) (demonstrative pronoun)
(plural form) (object case)
udeNthat (out of sight) (demonstrative pronoun)
(singular form) (subject case)
ukathat (out of sight) (demonstrative pronoun)
(singular form) (object case)
ukaNthat (out of sight) (demonstrative pronoun)
(singular form) (possessive case)
uku there (out of sight) (adverb of place)
ukuhti there (adverb)
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useN
that (out of sight) (demonstrative pronoun)
(singular form) (subject case)(contrastive/presentative aspect)
utu- to give
W
waapi (-ta)(Utah) juniper tree(also called cedar tree in southern Idaho)
wagande (wagandi) at (someones), at (somethings) ss(noun)
waahni (-a)
waahni
fox
(pasual form)
wahambiaseemote
(wahambiaseemoti)two hundred (number)
wahatehwe (wahatehi) two (number)
wahyaN- to burn
wahyande (wahyandi) fire
wanadebope (-ha) dollar
watsewite (watsewiti) four (NUM)
watsewiteese only four
wei-
wei
to rain
it rained (durative)
weii-
weiide
to rain (periodically over time)
it rains (periodically over time) (habitual/customary
aspect)
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weiiite (pasual form)
wenangwa in front of (postposition)
wenangwaku in front of (postposition)
we[]ne-
we[]nne
to stand
am/is/are standing (durative aspect)
wepagui-
wepaguinna
wepaguiinna
to chop, split
am/are/is chopping (iterative aspect)
(pausal form)
wepai- to hit
wesunga- to feel (something) with body
wihyu then, and then; but
witua (wituai) drum; pot
witua-wepaigwapi (-ha) drummer
wizha should, might (adverb)
wongo[]bi (-ta)
wongoobi
pine tree
(pausal form)
Y
-yamba (yambai) wild carrots (yampa root)
yambai (-ha) Kiowa (Indian); Southern Plains Indian
yeba[]ni fall, autumn (noun); in the fall/autumn (adverb)
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yebaa[]ni
(pausal form)
yeitabai[]yi afternoon; in the afternoon (adverb)
yeze-
yetse
yezemiiyu
to get up; fly (intransitive verb)
is getting up; got up (durative aspect)
get/gets up (on a daily basis) (progressive aspect)
-[]yu (progressive aspect) (verb/suffix)
yuhudegumahanipe (-ha)fry-bread
yuhupe (-ha) fat
yuuta (-a) Ute (Indian)