World Waste to Energy City Summit
City Resilience: Integrating Demand-side Solutions into
Today’s Cities
Singapore’s Integrated
Waste Management System
Ong Soo San
Director
Waste & Resource Management Department
National Environment Agency
Singapore
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1. Singapore’s Solid Waste Management Story
2. Overview of Current System
3. Key Challenges & Opportunities
4. Waste-to-Energy (WTE) and Resource Recovery
5. Next Generation WTE Facility
Outline
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From Past to Present
Transformation
of the
Singapore River
From 1st waste-to-energy plant
Ulu Pandan (1979)
Tuas (1986)
Senoko (1992)
Tuas South (2000)
Keppel Seghers (2009)
…and refuse collection
Chinatown
From illegal street
hawkers
to al fresco
TransformationOf living conditions
From Direct landfilling
Lim Chu Kang Choa Chu Kang
Lorong Halus
…to
Offshore landfill
4
2%Consumers
Producers
38%60%
Electricity–2,690 MWh/dRecycle
Collection Landfill
Reduce
Reuse
Waste Generated
20,588 t/d
Waste Recycled
12,250 t/d
Non-Incinerable Waste
468 t/d
Incinerable Waste
7,870 t/d
2014 figures
Ash
1,995 t/d
Commercial &
Retails
Residential
Factories &
Industries
Overview of our Waste Management System
Sustainable Singapore Blueprint 2015 (http://www.mewr.gov.sg/ssb/)
• Towards “A Zero Waste Nation”
• Achieve 70% overall recycling rate by 2030
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Singapore
Area : 718.3 sq km
Population : 5.47 million
Hot & Humid
Climate
Key Challenge : Scarcity of Land
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Key Challenges – Waste Growth and Land Scarcity
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1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Index
Year
GDP
Population
Waste Disposal
1,200 tonnes/day (1970)
8,338 tonnes/day (2014)
Current Population: 5.47 mil
At this rate of waste growth…
7-10 years
New waste-to-energy
30-35 years
New offshore landfill
2030-2035Semakau Landfill
Singapore’s waste generation increased about 7 folds
over the past 40 years
there will be less & less land available
But…
Land Area: 718 km2
Population Density : 7,615 per km2
Opportunities – Environmental Sustainability
Recycling
• Maximise resource recovery from waste
• Adopt better recycling methods to sustain clean environment
Waste-to-Energy / Volume Reduction
• Adopt innovative technology to maximise energy recovery, minimise ash & land use
Landfill
• Minimise waste to landfill
Minimisation / Prevention
• Promote efficient use of resources in production processes
• Promote 3Rs & waste segregation at source in homes & businesses
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To enhance the sustainability of our systemas solutions to the waste growth challenge are being developed
Waste-to-Energy Facilities in Singapore
2nd Plant : Tuas WtE Plant Government owned & operated
4th Plant : Tuas South WtE Plant Government owned and operated
1979 1986 1992 2000 2009What’s Next?
1st Plant : Ulu Pandan WtE Plant (Decomm in 2009)
3rd Plant : Senoko WTE Plant Privatised in 2009
5th Plant : Keppel Seghers TuasPPP DBOO approach – Design, Build, Own & Operate
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6th Waste to Energy Facility
ProjectPublic Private Partnership
(PPP) scheme
Design, Build, Own and
Operate (DBOO) Model
Expected operation end
2018.
WTE FacilityDomestic & industrial solid
waste
90% waste volume
reduction
> 2,400 tonnes/day
> 24% net efficiency
This is an artist impression of a possible design9
Benchmarks for WTE Facilities
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Conventional Plant
Medium Pressure
High Pressure
OperatingParameters
40 bar, 400°C 60 bar, 450°C 120 bar, 480°C
T/G system Air cool Air cool Water cool
Energy Efficiency 10-20% > 24% > 30 %
• Increase Energy Efficiency: > 600 kWh/t of net electricity recovery
• Increase Land Use Efficiency: > 450 tonne per day / hectare
Energy from Waste for Utility Steam
WTE Facility
Capacity: process up to
1,000 t/d industrial &
commercial solid waste
Produce 140 tonnes per
hour of steam to serve the
needs of petrochemical
manufacturers on Jurong
Island
Expected operation in
early 2016
Source: http://www.volund.dk/~/media/Downloads/Brochures_-_WTE/Sembcorp_-_Singapore.pdf?la=en11
Biomass to Energy
(Gardens by the Bay)Electricity
• Supplied to Grid• Internal
electricity consumption
Steam
• Utility purposes for industries
• Drying of Spent Grains
Trigeneration
Gardens by the Bay• Electricity
• Thermal Heat
• Chilled Water
Next Generation WTE - Integrated Waste Management Facility
WATER-ENERGY-WASTE NEXUS
Integrated Waste
Management Facility
(IWMF)
4. Co-locate Synergy
• IWMF co-locate with used water reclamation plant (WRP)- Synergy on sharing power and water needs
- co-digest food waste and used water sludge- optimizing land use
3. Minimise Environmental Impact & Land Footprint
• Technology • Design layout • Stringent Emission standards
• Handle multiple waste streams: - MSW, source-segregated recyclables,
source-segregated food waste and treated used water sludge
• Material Recovery prior to WtEprocess, e.g. MRF
• Recovery of ferrous and non-ferrous metals from ash
1. Maximise Resource Recovery
2. Maximise Energy Recovery
• WtE Technology that maximiseenergy and electricity production
• Minimum internal electricity consumption
5. Incorporate Waste Management Education Centre
• Raise public awareness & help shape behaviour on sustainable waste management 13
Incineration Bottom Ash (IBA) Metal Recovery
Capacity: process up to 1,800
t/d of IBA
Resource recovery: 90% of
the ferrous metals of size
above 4mm and a non-
ferrous metals above 2mm
Expected operation 3Q15
Resultant IBA could be further
treated for use as building
and fill materials for land
reclamation
Increase resource recovery
and extend lifespan of
Semakau Landfill
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Semakau Landfill
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A unique environmental solution created entirely out of sea space
Commenced operation on 1 April 1999
Area : 350 hectares