SLEEP & DREAMS
HOW MANY HOURS A NIGHT DO YOU SLEEP DURING THE WEEK?
ON A WEEKEND?AT WHAT TIMES THROUGHOUT THE
DAY DO YOU FEEL MOST TIRED? IF YOU DIDN’T HAVE SCHOOL
WHAT TIME WOULD YOU GO TO SLEEP/ WAKE UP?
DO YOU THINK MOST AMERICANS GET ENOUGH SLEEP – WHY/WHY NOT?
SLEEPSLEEPImagine...if on the average,
people sleep 8 hours a day, they are sleeping away 1/3 of their life.
How much is that?
Well, 8 hours of sleep every day is the same as 233,600 hours of sleep by the time you are 80 years old.
That's the same as sleeping 26.67 years!!!
Much of the body’s activities including the desire to sleep are governed by:
Circadian rhythm = biological clock
STAGES of SLEEPDefined in terms of brain
wave patternsMeasured by
Electroencephalograph (EEG)CyclicalBeta, alpha, theta, delta
waves
EEG (electroencephalogram) which shows a record of brain activity
EMG (electromyogram) shows muscle activity
EOG (electroculogram) shows eye movements
STAGES of SLEEPSlow Wave Sleep (SWS) SWS sleep is actually 4
different stages of sleep(Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3 & Stage 4) with different EEG patterns.
STAGES of SLEEPSlow Wave Sleep (SWS) Stage 1 = lightest sleep;
= dreamlike images/photos
Then to stages 2, 3, & 4Stage 4 = deepest sleepBack to stages 3, 2, 190 minutes passed
STAGES of SLEEPRapid Eye Movement = (RE
M) sleepBreathe more irregularly, BP
rises, heart beats faster
F.Y.I.Infants spend about 50% of their
sleep time in SWS and 50% in REM sleep
Adults spend about 20% of their sleep time in REM and 80% in SWS sleep
Elderly people spend less than 15% of their sleep time in REM sleep.
REM SleepDreaming occursEyes move back and forth rapidly EEG pattern during REM sleep is
similar to the EEG when you are awake
However, the EMG is very quiet during REM sleep - one theory is that during REM sleep, the muscles are inactive so that we will not act out our dreams. This also means that sleepwalkers are not in REM sleep and are not acting out their dreams.
Why Sleep?
SLEEP DEPRIVATIONWHAT PROBLEMS COULD LACK OF
SLEEP CAUSE FOR OUR SOCIETY?
HOW COULD LACK OF SLEEP PROBLEMS BE SOLVED?
Reasons for Sleep
Revive tired bodyBuild up resistance to
infectionTissue maintenance, secretion
of hormones involved in development
Psychological functions = recover from stress
Sleep deprivationIrritabilityDifficulty focusing –
vision/thoughtMemory lapsesSpeech difficultiesWeakened immune system &
other health problems
DREAMINGDREAMINGWe dream about 4-5 times a
nightThat is the same as 116,800
to 146,000 dreams by the time you are 80 years old!!!
DREAMSREM sleep
= clear imagery and plots make sense (even though
may be unrealistic)NREM
= plots vaguer & images more fleeting
DREAMINGDREAMINGFREUD
= dreams reflect a person’s unconscious wishes & urges
= symbolismBIOPSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
= biological; nuerons randomly fire & brain tries to make sense of it
DREAMING: DREAMING: Factors affecting dream contentRecent eventsChildhood/past eventsPre-sleep experiencesSex differencesAgeInternal & External stimuli
DAYDREAMINGReliving or anticipating eventsForm of escapismAnxiety, achievement, thinking
ahead, problem-solving, fantasy
Sleep ProblemsSleep ProblemsInsomnia=
Inability to sleep
Forty-eight percent of Americans report insomnia occasionally, while 22 percent experience insomnia every or almost every night.*
Women are 1.3 times more likely to report insomnia than men.
People over age 65 are 1.5 times more likely to complain of insomnia than younger people.
Divorced, widowed and separated people report more insomnia.
* National Sleep Foundation 1998 Omnibus Sleep in America Poll
Sleep ProblemsSleep ProblemsNightmares=
Frightening dreams that usually awaken sleeper from REM sleep
Night Terrors= More severe
Sleep ProblemsSleep ProblemsSleep walking
Sleep ProblemsSleep ProblemsNarcolepsy =
Fall asleepExcessive sleepiness or
sudden muscle weakness
Rusty
Sleep ProblemsSleep ProblemsSleep Apnea =
Breathing interruption that occurs during sleep
www.sleepquest.com
Abnormal airway during sleep. Multiple sites of obstruction often occur in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. An elongated and enlarged soft palate impinges on the posterior airway at the level of the nasopharynx and oral pharynx. In addition, a retruding jaw pushes an enlarged tongue posteriorly to impinge on the hypopharyngeal space.
Normal airway. The soft palate and uvula are normal in length and total size. The tongue is normal in size and is angled forward. The upper airway at the level of the nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx is normal in size and contour.
Sleep DisordersSleep DisordersSleep disorders affect up to 70
million people in the United States. This costs about $100 billion each year in accidents, medical bills and lost work.
(Statistic from Brain Facts, Society for Neuroscience, 1997)
Driving While Drowsy1/6 of all car crashes are believed
to be linked to drowsiness while driving
Driving while tired is very similar to driving when drunk
In North Carolina 60% of car crashes caused by drowsiness involved people under the age of 25