SMART FABRICS
29-Apr-14
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SMART FABRICS
Table of Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Market Analysis .................................................................................................................................... 5
3. Global Overview of Smart Fabric Patents............................................................................................ 5
3.1 Priority Trend...................................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Priority Country Distribution ............................................................................................................. 6
3.3 IPC Classification................................................................................................................................. 7
4. Technology Segmentation ................................................................................................................... 8
4.1 Smart Fabrics’ Classification .............................................................................................................. 8
4.2 Manufacturing .................................................................................................................................. 10
4.2.1 Fiber Development .................................................................................................................... 10
4.3 Technology ....................................................................................................................................... 11
4.3.1 Interface Technologies .............................................................................................................. 12
4.3.2 Communication ......................................................................................................................... 14
4.3.3 Power Supply Sources ............................................................................................................... 15
4.4 Application........................................................................................................................................ 15
5. Assignee Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 16
5.1 Geographical Analysis of major assignees....................................................................................... 16
5.2 Key Inventors .................................................................................................................................... 17
5.3 Major Assignees ............................................................................................................................... 18
5.3.1 Konink Philips Electronics ......................................................................................................... 18
5.3.2 Kolon Glotech Inc ...................................................................................................................... 20
5.3.3 Silveray Co. Ltd. ......................................................................................................................... 21
6. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 23
About Us ..................................................................................................................................................... 24
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List of Figures Figure 1: Evolution of Smart Fabrics over time ........................................................................................... 4
Figure 2: Year wise Patent Priority Trend .................................................................................................... 6
Figure 3: Locations of Priority of 'Patent Applications'............................................................................... 7
Figure 4: IPC Classifications with maximum occurrences ........................................................................... 7
Figure 5: Top IPC Classification Trend Analysis ........................................................................................... 8
Figure 6: An increasing growth for the fiber manufacturing techniques over technology integration .... 9
Figure 7: Classification based on type of technological incorporation in traditional textiles ................... 9
Figure 8: Classification based on type of manufacturing techniques ....................................................... 10
Figure 9: Types of fibers used in Smart Fabrics ......................................................................................... 11
Figure 10: Division based on the type of technology integrated with Textiles........................................ 11
Figure 11: Types of Interface Technologies based on direction of information flow in the textile ........ 12
Figure 12: Flowchart detailing the classification of Input Interface Technologies .................................. 13
Figure 13: Types of Input Interfaces .......................................................................................................... 13
Figure 14: Types of Output Interfaces ....................................................................................................... 14
Figure 15: Communication classification based on whether it is Inter Device or Intra Device ............... 15
Figure 16: Types of Power Supply Sources used in various Smart Textiles .............................................. 15
Figure 17: Depiction of the various fields of applications of Smart Fabrics ............................................. 16
Figure 18: Top inventors based on the number of individual filings ........................................................ 17
Figure 19: Major assignees in the resultant patent set ............................................................................ 18
Figure 20: Geography wise patent protection available to Philips .......................................................... 19
Figure 21: Patent Filing trend comparing Manufacturing Techniques to Technology Incorporation ..... 19
Figure 22: Remaining duration of validity for existing patent portfolio .................................................. 20
Figure 23: Remaining duration of validity for existing patent portfolio .................................................. 20
Figure 24: Patent Filing trend comparing Manufacturing Techniques to Technology Incorporation ..... 21
Figure 25: Geography wise patent protection available to Kolon Glotech Inc. ....................................... 21
Figure 26: Patent Filing trend comparing Manufacturing Techniques to Technology Incorporation ..... 22
Figure 27: Remaining duration of validity for existing patent portfolio .................................................. 22
Figure 28: Geography wise patent protection available to Silveray Co. Ltd. ........................................... 23
List of Tables Table 1: Table showing the geographical analysis of patent filing activity by top assignees .................. 16
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1. Introduction
Smart Fabrics, also known as intelligent textiles, electronic textiles or e-textiles, have attracted
considerable attention worldwide due to their potential to bring revolutionary impact on human life. These
are the fabrics with the ability to react to different physical, mechanical, electrical, thermal and chemical
stimuli. Smart Textiles are also defined as Smart fabrics and Interactive Textiles (SFIT).
Smart Clothing, wearable technology, wearable computing and intelligent clothing projects involve the use
of e-textiles. Smart fabrics are distinct from wearable computing because emphasis is placed on the
seamless integration of textiles with electronic elements like microcontrollers, sensors, and actuators.
Smart Fabrics need not be wearable. For instance, they are also found in interior design.
Smart Fabrics can be broadly categorized into two categories namely embedded and integrated. The
classical electronic devices such as conductors, integrated circuits, LEDs, and conventional batteries are
embedded into garments. Also, the passive electronics such as conductors and resistors or active
components like transistors, diodes, and solar cells are integrated into the fabrics.
The scope of smart fabrics industry is potentially enormous in terms of different types of the materials
available, usable technologies and potential applications, and eventual market size. This field includes
phase change, electrically conductive, shape memory, and chromic materials and the enabling
technologies include polymer development, nanotechnology and the embedding of components into
fabrics. The potential sectors to which smart/intelligent fabrics can be applied include commercial, retail
and industrial with applications such as location monitoring devices, entertainment, communications,
actuation & environmental response and sensing & biophysical monitoring.
It is an interesting time for the field of smart fabrics. As the industry matures and develops there is an
increasing drive to turn search results into commercial opportunities.
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Figure 1: Evolution of Smart Fabrics over time
[Source]
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2. Market Analysis
Smart Fabrics generate a significant body of research with deep implications on everyday life, consumer
market and applications requiring remote sensing, processing and actuation. This has led to a huge
research in this field. According to the Reuters, “The analysts forecast the Global Smart Fabrics in
Interactive Textiles market to grow at a CAGR of 20.91 percent over the period 2012-2016.”1
The current landscape study explores the recent developments in the research of Smart Fabrics. The
focus is to capture the patents published since 2004 in countries such as US, South Korea, Canada,
India, Great Britain China, Australia and so forth.
Three main avenues exist for the Smart Fabrics market:
The advances involving the manufacturing of the smart fabrics.
The type of technology implemented.
The applications of the smart fabrics.
Rather than debating the benefits and drawbacks of this technology, the aim of this study is to establish a
panorama of the intellectual property and the research going on in the field of Smart Fabrics by
systematic study of a relevant patent set extracted by the research team.
3. Global Overview of Smart Fabric Patents
The aim of this section is to study the overall environment of the intellectual property concerning the
development of the Smart Fabrics.
The patent search was conducted using the keywords: textile, smart electronic, fabric, cloth, fiber,
wearable PCB, woven, electric, optic yarn, based on publication date since 2004. The search conducted
for patents from the countries such as US, South Korea, Canada, India, Great Britain China, Australia and
so forth, led to extraction of around 1765 patent applications published since April 2004. Out of these a
total of 520 relevant patent families have been analyzed.
3.1 Priority Trend
The research work in the field of Smart Fabrics started in the year 2001 and grew at a steady pace of
around 3-4 patents per year. The technology accelerated after this era when some of the biggest firms of
the technology world started investing in R&D for Smart Fabrics. The technology became of utmost
importance for the firms when they realized about its deep implications on everyday life, consumer market
1 Research and Markets: Global Smart Fabrics in Interactive Textiles Market 2012-2016: Incorporation of
Modern Technologies into SFITs Expected to Positively Influence the Growth. Reuters [LINK]
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and applications requiring remote sensing, processing and actuation. Since then a lot of firms (both small
and large) have started investing in this field and the number of patents filed have gone up enormously.
The number of patent application filings touched a peak in the year 2009 with the maximum patents
having their priority date in this year. However, the fall in 2012-13 does not signify a fall in the number of
patents filed. The fall in the graph is attributed to the fact that only a small percentage of patent
applications filed during the above mentioned period are available in public domain. The rest of the
applications are undergoing processing and are yet to be published by their respective patent offices.
Figure 2: Year wise Patent Priority Trend
Figure 2 shows the patent filing trend (based on priority year) in the field of Smart Fabric Technology.
Research and development had been underway in this field since the start of the 21st century but
accelerated sharply around the year 2009 due to advancements in the electronics domain.
3.2 Priority Country Distribution
An analysis of the location of the priority of patent applications is shown in the figure shown below. The
figures give an overview about all the countries that have initiated R&D related to Smart Fabrics. It can be
observed that USA is the country with most number of priority filings with South Korea at the second
place.
Among the applicants, it is interesting to note that though the maximum amount of work (patents) on
Smart Fabrics has been done in the developed countries like USA and South Korea. In the recent past,
some developing countries like China and Taiwan have also acknowledged the importance of Smart
Fabrics technology and a huge amount of money has been spent on the research in this field.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
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Figure 3: Locations of Priority of 'Patent Applications'
3.3 IPC Classification
The research team analyzed the resultant patent set and discovered that the following IPC Classes had
maximum occurrences. Their definitions were studied and they also reflected the shifting trend of the
industry from technology integration to specialized manufacturing techniques.
Figure 4: IPC Classifications with maximum occurrences
The figure below shows the number of patent application filings, classified according to the IPC Classes
for a cluster of three years. There has been an overall increase in the number of patent applications filed
as time progresses which is evident from the increasing length of the horizontal bars. The IPC Class
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distribution is also a proof of the shift in the industry trend from technology integration to specialized
substrate manufacturing.
Figure 5: Top IPC Classification Trend Analysis
4. Technology Segmentation
4.1 Smart Fabrics’ Classification
Taxonomy was developed by the research team to further analyze the patent set based on the
technology involved, the level of its sophistication and its applications. A change in trend was discovered
during our research that highlighted a shift in the Smart fabrics‟ industry from smartly integrating
technology in existing textiles to manufacturing of smarter fabrics to be converted to textiles. In short, the
earliest advancements in the field simply tried to combine existing electronics with existing textiles to
serve multiple purposes whereas technology at later stages focused more on manufacturing fibers with
inherent electrical properties.
A41D (Protective Garments)
D06M (Treatment of fibres, yarns)
D03D (Weaving of fabrics)
A61B (Diagnosis, surgery, identification)
H05K (Printed circuit boards)
2000-2002
2003-2005
2006-2008
2009-2011
2012-
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Figure 6: An increasing growth for the fiber manufacturing techniques over technology integration
The shift towards development in manufacturing occurred because clothing and other textile products
must be washable, which subjects the smart elements to water and chemical immersion, physical stress,
and extreme temperatures; the current state of the art tends to be too fragile for this treatment. Hence,
the rate of increase in the number of patent applications for the field of fiber manufacturing was found to
be much higher than the same for the field of technology integration as can be seen in the graph.
The first level classification is based on the same concept. Further classifications narrow down the
specific technologies in both the fields as explained in detail below.
Figure 7: Classification based on type of technological incorporation in traditional textiles
39%
61%
'Smart Fabrics' - Classification
Technology Integration
Manufacturing Method
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4.2 Manufacturing
Fabric components like the fibers, filaments, films etc. are the beginning stages of a textile. Fabric
components are manufactured into the fabric or textile in several different ways. Fabrics may be woven or
non-woven via adhesive or thermal bonding, tufting, felting, or mechanical interlock. Smart Fabrics and
Interactive Textiles (SFIT) enabling components include electronic components and fabric components
which may provide any or all of the following functionalities: Data processing; Power supply; Input/output
Interfaces; Display; Data communication etc. The conductivity may be added in the fibers at the fiber
manufacturing level, or in the yarn after the fiber is manufactured or as a coating material to be directly
attached on the textile substrate.
Figure 8: Classification based on type of manufacturing techniques
4.2.1 Fiber Development
Multifunctional fibers add useful properties to traditional textile fibers. With various ways to add
conductivity and other properties, fibers may be further classified into the following categories.
Fibres
Yarns
Coating Materials
Fibres Yarns Coating Materials
No. of patents 177 51 30
Manufacturing Technoques
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Figure 9: Types of fibers used in Smart Fabrics
4.3 Technology
The scope of Smart Fabrics is very broad to be able to concisely define but the closest attempt may be
saying “traditional fabric with integrated active functionality”. The earliest innovations in the field of smart
fabrics took a rather literal meaning by directly integrating various electronic components with textiles.
Their classification is based on the specific purposes they serve. We have broadly categorized the
technology into three segments: Interface Technologies, Communication and Power Supply Sources.
Their meanings will be further explained in further detail.
Figure 10: Division based on the type of technology integrated with Textiles
11%
53% 9%
20%
7%
Fiber Type
Carbon Fibres
Conductive Fibres
Optical Fibres
Others
Silicon-on-insulator fibres
73%
18%
9%
Technology Distribution
Interface Technologies
Communication
Power Supply Sources
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4.3.1 Interface Technologies
The interface technologies can be described as the point of communication between the user, his
environment and the electronics of the smart textile. They encompass all the electronic devices and
methods that accept data from the user or the environment and/or provide an output. So, they have been
classified accordingly as Input and Output Interface technologies. The division amongst the two is uniform
as intuitively expected.
Figure 11: Types of Interface Technologies based on direction of information flow in the textile
4.3.1.1 Input Interface
Various input interfaces have been classified as shown below. The first classification is based on whether
the input is coming from the user via textile based buttons and keyboards or whether the input is being
received by textile based body monitoring sensors and electrodes. The „Others‟ category comprises other
interface methods such as audio interface via a microphone etc. The Body Monitoring sensors can be
further sub-divided according to the type of information they sense namely, physiological information, i.e.
the heart rate, pulse rate etc, impact detection information and the body movement/position monitoring
information. The last of the three is performed by few specialized sensors which are classified accordingly
as tilt sensor and pressure sensor.
56%
44%
Interface Technologies
Input Interface
Output Interface
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Figure 12: Flowchart detailing the classification of Input Interface Technologies
Majority of the input interfaces were found to be textile based body monitoring sensors and electrodes
signifying that the majority of the work has been in the field of wearable textiles i.e. clothes. Smart clothes
are poised to have a pivotal presence in the field of sports, fitness, outdoor, leisure, leisure and health
care in the not too distant future.
Figure 13: Types of Input Interfaces
Input Interface
62
Buttons and Keyboards
10
Body Monitoring Sensors
44
Physiological Information
8
Impact Detection
1
Body Movement/ Position
14
Tilt Sensor
2
Pressure Sensor
9
Others
3
Others
5
Body MonitoringSensors
Buttons andKeyboards
Others
44
10 5
Input Interface
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4.3.1.2 Output Interface
As the name suggests, this classification identifies the types of outputs a smart fabric may provide. It may
be a visual output in the form of an LED, a display or even glowing fabrics. Other types of output may
include tactile or auditory interfaces.
Figure 14: Types of Output Interfaces
As seen from the graph, an overwhelming majority of the patents reveal visual interfaces in the forms
mentioned above. Though with time, there has been an increase in other type of output interfaces as well.
4.3.2 Communication
The research team tried to create further classifications based on the mode of communication, whether
wireless or wired, embedded or woven and some other parameters. However, communication is an
intrinsic aspect of every electronic component in a smart fabric and hence a better classification strategy
was to divide the communication based on the device level namely: Inter device and Intra device.
VibrationInterface Visual Interfaces
Others
3
41
2
Output Interface
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Figure 15: Communication classification based on whether it is Inter Device or Intra Device
4.3.3 Power Supply Sources
Any form of electronic component requires power to function. However, conventional power supply
sources are inefficient to be used in a smart textile due to their size and other factors. Button batteries are
one easy option. Other types of sources are being explored in this regard.
Figure 16: Types of Power Supply Sources used in various Smart Textiles
4.4 Application
The applications of smart fabrics are growing manifold with time and they will be an integral part of our
everyday lifestyle in the near future. The research team identified various fields of application which are
40%
60%
Communication
Inter device
Intra device
0 1 2 3 4
Thermoelectric
Solar Energy
Storage Battery
Power Supply Sources
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represented diagrammatically below. Some of the patents have applications that fall under multiple
categories. As we can see, monitoring of body functions and movements and related applications
comprise the highest percentage of applications.
Figure 17: Depiction of the various fields of applications of Smart Fabrics
5. Assignee Analysis
5.1 Geographical Analysis of major assignees
Assignee WO KR US CN EP JP TW RU CA
Konink Philips Electronics 45 12 17 18 19 18 9 3
Kolon Glotech Inc. 3 28 3 1 2 2
1 1
Silveray Co. Ltd. 2 18 2 2 2 2
Electronics and Telecommunication Research Institute
7 3 1
IndustryAcademic Cooperation Foundation Yonsei University
9 2
Board of Regents The University of Texas System
7
1
Table 1: Table showing the geographical analysis of patent filing activity by top assignees
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5.2 Key Inventors
Figure 18: Top inventors based on the number of individual filings
The key inventors identified in Smart Fabrics patent portfolio are shown in Figure 5.
The most prolific inventors in terms of filings is Park Sung Mee (Kolon Glotech Inc. , 26 Patents).Also,
something noteworthy is the adept inventor started filing patents 2007 onwards. Also, Kyung Hee Chung,
second in the list has assigned his 25 patents to Kolon Glotech Inc.
Rabin Bhattacharya and Kwang Su Cho have applied for 19 patents each. All of the former‟s patents are
with Philips as Assignee while those of the latter belong to Kolon Glotech Inc.
Jeon Byung Ok (16 patents) has rendered his work to Silveray Co. Ltd. & Van Pieterson Liesbeth (14
patents) has his patents belonging to Kolon Glotech Ltd. Other inventors like Koen Van Os (7 patents) for
Konink Philips Electronics, Hyung Sun Lee (6 patents) for Electronics and Telecommunication Research
Institute & Joo Hyeon Lee (6 patents) have filed application for Industry-Academic Cooperation
Foundation Yonsei University in collaboration with Samsung.
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5.3 Major Assignees
Figure 19: Major assignees in the resultant patent set
Clearly, Konink Philips Electronics, Kolon Glotech Inc and Silveray Co. Ltd. have emerged as big players
in development of Smart Fabrics Technology. Also, Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation Yonsei
University has two of its patents in collaboration with Samsung.
5.3.1 Konink Philips Electronics
Koninklijke Philips NV, popularly shortened to Philips, is a Dutch diversified technology company
headquartered in Amsterdam with primary divisions focused in the areas of Healthcare, Consumer
Lifestyle and Lighting. With emerging trends, Philips has also ventured into the field of smart fabrics and
smart textiles. With one of the applications of smart textiles being an amalgamation of consumer lifestyle
and healthcare, it is hardly a surprise that Philips has already released few commercial products in the
field of Sports and Fitness monitoring such as Philips DirectLife.
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Figure 20: Geography wise patent protection available to Philips
In addition to possessing a very strong patent portfolio, it also has the highest number of patents filed in
this field with an increasing growth rate over the years.
Figure 21: Patent Filing trend comparing Manufacturing Techniques to Technology Incorporation
Judging by a relatively young patent portfolio, the research team can safely conclude that Philips is going
to play a central role when the smart textile commercialization hits critical user mass.
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Figure 22: Remaining duration of validity for existing patent portfolio
5.3.2 Kolon Glotech Inc
Kolon Glotech started out in 1954 as a nylon textile maker, helping to revolutionize the garment industry.
Over the years, they have diversified into specialty chemicals, construction, and other areas with rapid
growth and development in their quest to become a “Lifestyle Innovator”. They simultaneously work to
research, develop and produce chemicals, high-tech materials and biotech products that contribute to
safer, pleasant and healthier lives.
Figure 23: Remaining duration of validity for existing patent portfolio
Consistent with the industry trends, Glotech also observes a higher increase in the number of patent
applications for the fiber manufacturing techniques compared to technology integration.
Below 10 10 to 12years
12 to 15years
15 to 17years
Above 17years
7 %
14 %
48 %
21 %
10 %
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Figure 24: Patent Filing trend comparing Manufacturing Techniques to Technology Incorporation
Following graph depicts the geography wise patent application filings for Kolon Glotech Inc.
Figure 25: Geography wise patent protection available to Kolon Glotech Inc.
5.3.3 Silveray Co. Ltd.
Silveray Co. Ltd. applies the convergence technology to multiple industrial fields that merges the digital
device having both heating & essential functions with keeping the unique features of clothes through the
core technologies of flexible electric conduction woven fabrics & heating thread. Their focus is on future of
fabrics through the development of materials with future-oriented environment friendliness & functionality.
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Figure 26: Patent Filing trend comparing Manufacturing Techniques to Technology Incorporation
Silveray‟s patent portfolio‟s is relatively newer than the first two assignees. Their patent filing activity also
started later than than both Philips and Glotech by a margin of approximately six years and one year
respectively. Owing to their late entry in the smart textiles field, their patent portfolio is the newest with
patent protection remaining for periods as long as 17 – 18 years.
Figure 27: Remaining duration of validity for existing patent portfolio
Following graph depicts the geography wise patent application filings for Silveray Co. Ltd.
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Figure 28: Geography wise patent protection available to Silveray Co. Ltd.
6. Conclusion
This article postulates Smart Fabrics and its various applications, along with various other key features.
Smart Fabrics provide multiple applications in various spheres of technology. The landscape analysis
generates a clear view of the Smart Fabrics technology, thus giving insight of different market key
players. With regard to geographies and jurisdictions United States and South Korea are showcased as
the most dominant markets in this technology.
Interestingly, the technical analysis provides valuable knowledge about path of evolution of the
technology. As per the study, the use of Smart Fabrics for Body Monitoring has been the area where
most of the research has been concentrated. Research has also been done in developing Smart Fabrics
for other medical, military and sports. Another important area for research has been the media and
entertainment. The integration of smart fabrics with smart phones has a great research potential.
The analysis also brings to light the focus of the major key assignees under different technology heads
related to Smart Fabrics. Konink Philips Electronics, being the topmost assignee, has patents filed in a
diverse field ranging from light emitting textiles, smart bags, waste sorting to control devices. Kolon
Glotech Inc. has focused on electroluminescent and heat generation fabrication. Various other major
players like Silveray Co. Ltd., Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Industry-Academic
Cooperation Foundation Yonsei University and Board of Regents the University of Texas System have
emerged in the field of Smart Fabrics creating a highly competitive market.
The industry has seen a shift from the traditional PCB manufacturing techniques to the fabrication of
intelligent textiles. Through the analysis, one may infer that Smart Fabrics technology has witnessed
immense growth in recent years. Due to its immense potential with respect to applications, R&D will
further increase, which will eventually result in the use of Smart Fabrics in various spheres of technology.
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About Us
LexInnova provides advanced patent litigation consulting and technical services that allow innovative
clients to improve quality, drive profitability, and enhance the effectiveness of legal matters. LexInnova
draws on a combination of technical and project management expertise to solve the challenges that arise
at the intersection of technology and the law. From pre-litigation assessment through claim construction
and trial, LexInnova provides consulting services to help analyze, leverage and protect intellectual
property. For high-volume matters, we provide true project management – combining the ideal mix of
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