Jim Sinopoli, PE, LEED AP, RCDDManaging Principal Smart Buildings LLC
Smart Meters and Plug Load Management
Agenda
• What Is A Smart Building?
• Submetering
• Vampire Power and Power Strips
• Power over Ethernet
What Do Building Technology Systems Have In Common?
• Network Cabling• Cable Pathways• Communications Protocols or Rules• System Databases• System Administration and Management Workstations
• Power• Equipment Room Space• Web Access• Labor
Integrated Systems“The Whole is Greater than the Sum of the Parts”
• Integration takes place at the physical, network and application levels
• Integrated systems shareresources
• Sharing of resources underpins the financial metrics and improved functionality of integrated systems.
• System integration provides functionality that cannot be provided by any one system.
• Integrated systems strive for a single database, considerably reducing the cost and support for synchronizing separate databases.
Applications Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Physical La yer
Data link Layer
OSI MODEL LAYERS
Applications
Network
INTEGRATED BUILDING SYSTEMS
REFERENCE MODEL
RE
CE
IVIN
G D
AT
A
SEN
DIN
G D
AT
A
Datalink Layer
Physical Layer
Benefits of an Integrated Design
• Capex and Opex Cost Efficiency
• Interaction Of Systems
• End User and System Management Benefits
• Streamlined Design and Construction
EFFICIENCY - OPEX SAVINGS
• SERVICE CONTRACTS - 15% savings with open systems versus proprietary
systems
• ADDITIONS AND REMODELLING – 20% savings related to structured cable
infrastructure.
• PREVENTATIVE AND PREDICITIVE MAINTNENACE SYSTEM – Savings of 1-
5% of equipment in extending lifecycles.
• ADDITIONAL ENERGY SAVINGS – coordinated supply/demand, improved
load factors. Additional 6% of energy savings
13
Optimizing the Building Systems
• Existing Buildings
– Cx cost: $0.27/ft2 • Median NEBs: $0.18/ft2
– Deficiencies: 11 per building
– Energy Savings: 15%
– Payback time: 8.5 months
• Cost-effective over range of building types, sizes, locations
• Energy savings rise with more thorough commissioning
Strategy for Existing Buildings
• Go Through A Discovery Process.
• Benchmark the Building’s Performance
• Decide Whether To Seek LEED Certification
• Prioritize And Fund The Effort
• Upgrade the Controls First
• Recommission The HVAC System
• Upgrade Other Systems
• Upgrade The Monitoring, Management And Operation Of The Systems
Submetering Systems
• Measure usage for specific spaces, tenants or electrical circuits
• Primarily to allocate the cost of electric power to those who consumed it.
• Components
– Current transformer or “CT”.
– Multiple CTs will connect to a processor or a server/controller
– Power management software application
Submeters
• Connection to an IP or BAS control network
• Modbus, SNMP, BACnet, RS-232 or RS-485 network.
• Unoccupied but equipment running
• Shifting equipment schedule
• Can indicate when equipment is in need of service or replacement.
Submetering Tips
• Plan and Test
– Map out the areas/record on drawings
– Match up power consumption to work tasks
– Target spaces where consumption is excessive
• Include 3-phase HVAC Loads and In-Building Distribution Transformers
– Monitoring consumption/start-up of the HVAC
– Identify potential equipment failure
– Monitoring in-building distribution transformers regarding operating capacity
Tips (continued)
• Check The Installation Of The CTs
– Common mistakes: reversed CTs, wrong circuit
– Use a licensed electrician for installation
• Get Granular
– Go for the high value targets
• Get Real As In Real Time Data
– Network the meters and provide access via the web. Time is money
• Check The Business Aspects
– Rebates or tax incentives may be available
Smart Power Strips
• “Vampire Power”
• Consumption of electrical power due to standby power between 7-13%.
• 75% of the electricity used for home electronics consumed when turned off.
• Offices/media centers
• Turning off may be unpractical and unsafe
Smart Power Strips
• Monitor and manage the plug load
• Turn devices on or off by sensing if device is in use or idle state
• Turned off within a user-defined set time
• Triggered by the personal computer
• Smart power strips can incorporate meters
• Moved into data centers
• IP network allows equipment to be monitored, managed and rebooted
Power Over Ethernet
• Most under-valued technology in buildings
• Moves devices from high to low voltage
• Provides both power and communications through
one cable
• Centrally monitor the devices
• Management software
– Essentially enables and disables power-over-
Ethernet ports on a network switch
• Reduces peak energy demand for it networks
PoE Applications• Access Control
• Computer Systems
• Building Automation Systems
• CCTV
• HVAC
• WLAN
• Smart Signs/Web Signs.
• Vending Machines.
• Gaming Machines.
• Audio And Video Juke Boxes.
• Electronic Point Of Sale (EPOS) Information Systems.
• Time And Attendance Systems.
• Battery Chargers For Mobile Phones And PDAs.
• Electronic Musical Instruments.
PoE Benefits
• Centralized Power Distribution
• Reduced demand on electric service (current and outlets)
• Backup power for critical hardware
• SNMP and Intelligent Patching benefits
• Lower installation costs
Contact Information
Jim Sinopoli, PE RCDDManaging Principal
Smart Buildings LLC
19516 Sandcastle Drive
Spicewood, Texas 78669 USA
512-215-4701
512-293-2843 (cell)www.smart-buildings.com
Additional Resources
“SMART BUILDINGS”
ISBN 0-9786144-0-2