Social Housing in Post-Social Housing in Post-socialist Europe: Lost in socialist Europe: Lost in
Transition Transition
Plenary 5 ENHR Conference Toulouse
July 7, 2011
Dr Sasha Tsenkova
Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia (FYROM), Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia (FYROM), Romania, Republic of Moldova, Serbia and MontenegroRomania, Republic of Moldova, Serbia and Montenegro
The Future of Social Housing
• Reforms & Challenges
• New Financial Regime
• Growth of Informal Housing •Affordable Housing Continuum
Housing Policy Reforms
Social Housing Sector
Informal Housing
Conclusions
Economic & Social Context
Figure I-7 Poverty in the region
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Albania BiH Bulgaria Croatia FYROM Moldova Romania Serbia andMontenegro
South East Europe - Extent of Poverty %
Nations of Homeowners?
Western Europe
models of social rented housing
Eastern Europe:
Social rented sector
Challenges of the sector
Conclusion
Housing Policy
Reforms
Social Housing Sector
Concluding Comments
35
20
7
26
21 21
10
18
0.2
9
3 2.865
2.20.64
2.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Albania BiH Bulgaria Croatia Moldova Romania FYROM Serbia
shar
e of
tota
l hou
sing
sto
ck
1990 2002
Fiscal Policies
Table II-3: Matrix of fiscal housing policy instruments in Southeast Europe Country Direct
provision of housing for homeowners
Direct provision of public/social rental housing
Grants/ subsidies to homeowners
Mortgage interest subsidy
Rent control in denationalized housing
Assistance to low income households
Tax incentives
Albania X X X Bulgaria X X X X BiH X Croatia X X X X X FYROM X Moldova X X Romania X X X X X Serbia X Montenegro X Kosovo X Note: ‘X’ policy instrument introduced.
Fiscal policies-limited support for social housing
Romania & FYROM – CEB projects
Kosovo-partnerships.
Affordability constraints & new housing construction
Western Europe
models of social rented houses
Eastern Europe:
Social rented sector
Challenges of the sector
Conclusion
Housing Policy
Reforms
Social Housing Sector
Discussion & Conclusion
Figure III-7 Rates of new construction in South East Europe
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003
Year
New
dw
ellin
gs p
er 1
000
Bulgaria
Macedonia
Romania
Serbia
Moldova
Croatia
Source: Tsenkova, 2005: Council of Europe Development Bank Regional Housing Survey
Performance Challenges
Housing Policy
Reforms
Social Housing Sector
Discussion & Conclusion
Main characteristics (command systems): • ownership • rent setting – 5-10% of market rents, backlog in maintenance • panel housing/substandard housing in poor condition with major need for significant upgrades to ensure safety, quality and energy efficiency standards• allocation – some targeting
Housing Policy
Reforms
Social Housing Sector
Informal Housing
Conclusion
Management
Technical & financial
management
SPENDING
Managing revenue budgets and accounts
Rents and arrears collection
Monitoring of privatisation
Emergency repairs and routine maintenance
Welfare advice and assistance
OutputsRoutine
maintenance
Managing revenue budgets and accounts
Rent & Arrears Management
Welfare Assistance
Growth of Informal Housing
Social Mix
Affordable Housing Continuum
Regulated Market Limited Market Regulation/Legalisation
Shelters Camps
Transition Housing Special Needs
Social Housing Private/ Assisted Rental Housing
Low-cost Homeownership
Formal Informal Development
Homeownership
Policy Solutions
• (A) Legalization• (B) Regularization and Upgrading
(C) Resettlement
ALUZNI: legalizing 681 informal zones, (23
000 ha); 350,000 requests
Resettlement
The Future of Social Housing
Ukraine
Housing Policy
Reforms
Social Housing Sector
Discussion & Conclusion
Housing AllowancesIntegrating Informal Housing
New Social Housing Provision