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Solar Power Satellite and
Microwave Power Transmission
ByNaveen S
08E31A0436
Guide
Dr. B. Visvesvara Rao
Professor
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Outline
Solar Power Satellite
Purpose of SPS
Construction of SPS
Microwave Power Transmission
Advantages
Conclusion
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Solar Power Satellite
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Liquid fossil fuels maypeak before alternativescome on line causinginability for supply tomatch demand, shortages
& economic shock,instability, and greatpower competition
Energy growth tracks vs population & demand
Purpose of SPS
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Sourceource Cleanlean Safeafe Reliableeliable Base-loadase-loadFossil Fuelossil Fuel NoNo YesYes Decades remainingDecades remaining YesYes
Nuclearuclear NoNo YesYes Fuel LimitedFuel Limited YesYesWind Powerind Power YesYes YesYes IntermittentIntermittent NoNo
Ground Solarround Solar YesYes YesYes IntermittentIntermittent NoNoHydroydro YesYes YesYes Drought; Complex SchedulingDrought; Complex Scheduling
Bio-fuelsio-fuels YesYes YesYes Limited Qty Competes w/FoodLimited Qty Competes w/FoodSpace Solarpace Solar Yeses Yeses Yeses Yeses
Following wood, coal, and oil, the 4th energy must beNon-depletable - to prevent resource conflictsEnvironmentally clean to permit a sustainable future[Continuously] Available to provide base-load securityfor everyone
In a usable form to permit efficient consumption &minimal infrastructureLow cost - to permit constructive opportunity for allpopulations
Continued
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Construction of SPS
The surface of SPS havebeen covered with 400million solar cells & it has a
transmitter
The transmitter consists ofDC to RF power converters &transmitting antennaThe transmitting antennaon the satellite would havebeen about 1 km indiameter and consists ofarray of parabolic reflector
antennas
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Microwave Power Transmission
Power gets to Earth through micro waves
The conversion of direct powerfrom the photovoltaic cells, tomicrowave power on the satellites
on geosynchronous orbit abovethe Earth
The formation and control ofmicrowave beam aimed precisely
at fixed locations on the Earthssurface
The collection of the microwaveenergy and its conversion into
electrical energy at the earthssurface
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continued
The conversion of dc to microwave isdone by dc to RF coverters. Generallyused dc to RF converters aremagnetrons,klystrons, solid stateamplifiersThe microwave power output of themagnetron is channeled into an array ofparabolic reflector antennas fortransmissionThe angle of divergence of beam
depends on the size of transmittingantennaThe power would be beamed to theEarth in the form of microwaves at afrequency of 2.45 GHz
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continued
Rectenna is the microwaveto dc converting device and ismainlycomposed of a receiving
antenna and a rectifyingcircuit
Microwaves are receivedwith about 85% efficiency
Around 5km across(3.1miles) 95% of the beam willfall on the rectenna 5,000MW Receiving Station (Rectenna).
This station is about a mile and a halflong.
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continued
A simple radio control feedback system operating in FM band
provides an appropriate control signal to the magnetron for adjustingits output level with fluctuation in the consumers demand at thereceiving side
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Advantages
If the largest conceivable space power station wasbuilt and operated 24 hours a day all year round, it
could produce the equivalent output of ten 1 millionkilowatt-class nuclear power stationsLong PaybackNo Fossil Fuel FeedRenewable
No pollutionHeat spread into the space and global warming isreduced
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Conclusions
More reliable than ground based solar power
Green electronics is possible throw SPS
The main barrier to the development of SPS is social,not technological
In order for SPS to become a reality it several thingshave to happen Government support Cheaper launch prices Involvement of the private sector