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Asia 3R Conference
30 Oct 1 Nov 06
Integrated Solid Waste Management in Singapore
National Environment Agency
And
Ministry of the Environment & Water Resources
Singapore
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Ministry of Environmentand Water Resources(MEWR)
National EnvironmentAgency (NEA)
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Integrated Solid Waste Management
Waste Collection
Waste Sorting, Recovery and
Recycling Waste Transfer Station
Waste Disposal (IncinerationPlants, Sanitary Landfill)
Hazardous Substances and
Toxic Waste Management
Cleaning of Public Areas
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20051970
The Solid Waste Challenge
WasteExplosion
1,200 t/d1,200 t/d
7,000 t/d7,000 t/d
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All waste collected daily anddisposed of
90% incinerable waste anddisposed of at 4 incineration
plants10% non-incinerable waste and
disposed of at SemakauOffshore Sanitary Landfill
Solid Waste ManagementSolid Waste Management
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OK so far..
But future?
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Small land area
One last sanitary landfill (anoffshore landfill)
Economic growthPopulation growth
Rising affluence
High consumption pattern
Higher expectations
ChallengesChallenges
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1970 TraditionalLandfill
2005
Volume
Reduction
Incineration Bottom Ash (IBA)
Non-incinerable Waste
One IP every 5-7 years
One landfil l (350 ha) every25-30 years
Strategy 1 : IncinerationStrategy 1 : Incineration
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Not sustainable, if we continue
business as usual One last sanitary landfill
High cost of building and operating IP
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Sustainable Solution
Closing the Solid Waste Loop
CollectionDisposal
CollectionCollectionDisposalDisposal
IndustryConsumers
IndustryIndustryConsumersConsumers
MRFMRFMRF ProcessProcessProcess ConvertConvertConvert
RecyclingRecycling
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Recycling of Industrial WasteRecycling of Industrial Waste
Horticultural wasteHorticultural wastePlastic wastePlastic wasteWood wasteWood waste
Food wasteFood waste
1970 2005 TraditionalLandfill
Strategy 2 : RecyclingStrategy 2 : Recycling
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Wood Waste Recycling
Recycling of wood waste to produce Office furniture
Home furniture Pallets
Shredded Wood Waste
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Plastic Waste Recycling
Plastic scraps
Plastic Pellets
Heating and Extrusion
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Recycling in CommunityRecycling in Community
HouseholdsHouseholdsPublic PlacesPublic Places
SchoolsSchools
1970 2005 TraditionalLandfill
Strategy 2 : RecyclingStrategy 2 : Recycling
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Recycling programme for householdslaunched in 2001
Collection of recyclable waste andrefuse bundled in Public
Waste Collection contracts
Door-to-door collection of recyclablesevery fortnight
National Recycling Programme
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Sorting in MaterialRecovery Facilities
PaperDrink cans
Glass bottles/jars
Plastic bottlesCarton boxes
Clothing
National Recycling Programme
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Recycling Bins at Public Places
Shopping streets
Institutions (schools, offices, etc)
Food courts
Housing estates
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Recycling of nonRecycling of non--incinerable wasteincinerable wasteConstruction & Demolition wasteConstruction & Demolition waste
Steel slagSteel slagReuse of IBA (under study)Reuse of IBA (under study)
ReduceLandfill1970 2005
TraditionalLandfill
Strategy 3 : Reduce Waste To LandfillStrategy 3 : Reduce Waste To Landfill
TOW ARDS ZERO LAN DFI L LTOW ARDS ZERO LAN DF I L L
Construction & Demolition Waste
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Construction & Demolition WasteRecycling
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Lifespan of Semakau Landfill
25-30 years to 30-45 years
Need for additional IP
5-7 years to 8-10 years
OutcomeOutcome
S 4 WSt t 4 W t Mi i i iMi i i ti
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Reduce
Landfill1970 2005 Traditional
Landfill
MinimiseMinimise waste at sourcewaste at source
Design with less packagingDesign with less packaging
Use less packagingUse less packagingUse packaging that can beUse packaging that can be
recycledrecycled
Strategy 4 : WasteStrategy 4 : Waste MinimisationMinimisation
TOWARDS ZERO
WASTE
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CollectionCollection
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Domestic & Trade PremisesDomestic & Trade Premises Collection serviceCollection service corporatisedcorporatised in 1996in 1996
FullyFully privatisatedprivatisated collection service incollection service in Sep 01Sep 01 Improve collection efficiency and service qualityImprove collection efficiency and service quality
Waste Collection SystemWaste Collection System
Industrial & CommercialIndustrial & Commercial
PremisesPremises By licensed general waste collectorsBy licensed general waste collectors
Medical FacilitiesMedical Facilit ies Separate collection and disposal bySeparate collection and disposal by
licensed toxic waste collectorslicensed toxic waste collectors
Disposal at high temperatureDisposal at high temperaturebiohazardousbiohazardous waste incinerationwaste incineration
plantsplants
PrivatisationPrivatisation ofof
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PrivatisationPrivatisation ofof
Refuse Collection ServiceRefuse Collection Service
BedokBedok
JurongJurong
ClementiClementi CityCity
TanglinTanglin--Bukit MerahBukit Merah
AngAng MoMo KioKio--ToaToa PayohPayoh
HougangHougang--PunggolPunggolWoodlandsWoodlands--
YishunYishun
3
4
9
5 6
8
7
2
Pasir RisPasir Ris--TampinesTampines
1
Di lDi l
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DisposalDisposal
I i tiI i ti
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90% waste is disposed of by incineration
Volume of waste is reduced by 90%
Energy is recovered for electricity generation
980 mill ion kWh electricity generated per year2-3% of electricity demand for Singapore
Scrap metal is recovered for recycling22,800 tonnes/year of scrap recovered
IncinerationIncineration
Incineration Plants
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Incineration Plants
Senoko IPSenoko IP
TuasTuasSouth IPSouth IP
Tuas IPTuas IP UluUlu PandanPandan
IPIP
Incineration Plants in SingaporeIncineration Plants in Singapore
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Incineration Plants in SingaporeIncineration Plants in Singapore
170200560890Construction
Cost(S$ mill ions)
4 units5 units6 units6 unitsBoiler /
Incinerator
1100170024003000
Designed
Capacity(tonnes/day)
1979198619922000Year Built
Ulu PandanIncineration
Plant
TuasIncineration
Plant
SenokoIncineration
Plant
Tuas SouthIncineration
Plant
S kS k L dfillL dfill
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600 tonnes/day non-incinerable waste
1,400 tonnes/day incineration ash
Commenced operation on 1 Apr 99
Capacity : 63 million m3
Area : 350 ha
Cost : S$610 mil
SemakauSemakau LandfillLandfill
Semakau Landfill
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Semakau Landfill
SemakauSemakauLandfillLandfill
TuasTuas MarineMarineTransfer StationTransfer Station
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Clean Public Areas
Cleaning of Public Areas
Expressways/Roads
Roadside drains
Pavements/Sidewalks Parks
Other public areas
Strict anti-littering law
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Cleaning Public AreasMechanical road sweepers Pavement sweeper
Litter picking
ut omes
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Refuse collected daily byPublic Waste Collectors andproperly disposed of by
incineration and landfill Streets and public placesare clean
Outcomes
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RecyclingOverall recycling rate gone
up : 40% in 2000 to 49% in
2005
WASTE OUTPUTWASTE OUTPUT
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Year
WASTE OUTPUTWASTE OUTPUT( DAILY AVERAGE 1970( DAILY AVERAGE 1970 2005 )2005 )
1,260
2,570
5,700
7,700
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Tonnes Per Day2001
7,000
2005
Key to Sustainability
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y y
Involve theCommunityto take
Ownershipof the
Environment
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Community Participation Involvement of 3P (Private, Public and
People) Sectors Residents
Businesses
Schools
Grassroots organizations
Government agencies
NGOs
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Approach Communication
Engagement
Empowerment
MISSION: OWNERSHIP
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Community Participation Programs/Initiatives:
Recycling Corners inSchools
Environment Clubs
Dialogue/feedback Community-led
activities
Products stewardship
Recycling Day Clean & Green Week
Fun activities to teach recycling
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Thank You