SOMATIC SENSORY SYSTEMSOMATIC SENSORY SYSTEM
AQSA SJUHADAAQSA SJUHADADepartment of Oral Biology Department of Oral Biology
Faculty of Dentistry Airlangga UniversityFaculty of Dentistry Airlangga University
REFLEX
Effector
Central Nervous System
Receptor
Afferent system
Efferent system
Stimulation
Muscle
Senses =Senses = indera/indera/sensasi-sensorissensasi-sensoris
Somatik
Khusus /special :
Otonomik
visus,olfactorius,auditorius,vestibular, taste
SENSORY RECEPTORSENSORY RECEPTOR
- The part of a neuron or specialized cells that - The part of a neuron or specialized cells that generates action potential in neuron.generates action potential in neuron.
- Often associated with nonneural cells that Often associated with nonneural cells that surround it, forming a surround it, forming a sense organsense organ
- Including mechanical (touch, pressure), Including mechanical (touch, pressure), thermal (degree of warmth), electromagnetic thermal (degree of warmth), electromagnetic (light), chemical energy (odor, taste, (light), chemical energy (odor, taste, concentration of Oconcentration of O22 and CO and CO22))
- Require adequate stimulus to generate Require adequate stimulus to generate action potentialaction potential
SENSORY SENSORY MODALITYMODALITY
- VisionVision- HearingHearing- SmellSmell- TasteTaste- Rotational accelerationRotational acceleration- Linear accelerationLinear acceleration- Touch-pressureTouch-pressure- WarmthWarmth- ColdCold
- PainPain- Joint position and movementJoint position and movement- Muscle lengthMuscle length- Muscle tensionMuscle tension- Arterial blood pressureArterial blood pressure- Central venous pressureCentral venous pressure- Inflation of lungInflation of lung- Blood temperature in brainBlood temperature in brain- Arterial PO2Arterial PO2- pH of CSFpH of CSF- Osmotic pressure of plasmaOsmotic pressure of plasma- Arteiovenous blood glucose Arteiovenous blood glucose
differencedifference
Classification of sensory receptors:Classification of sensory receptors:1.1. Teleceptors (distance receivers)Teleceptors (distance receivers)2.2. Exteroceptors Exteroceptors 3.3. InteroceptorsInteroceptors4.4. Proprioceptors (body image)Proprioceptors (body image)
Cutaneous sense :Cutaneous sense :- Touch-pressureTouch-pressure- Cold-warmthCold-warmth- Pain Pain
Cutaneous sense organ:Cutaneous sense organ: Ruffini endings : heavy touch, pressureRuffini endings : heavy touch, pressure Merkel’s disks : touch, low freq. vibrationMerkel’s disks : touch, low freq. vibration Meissner’s corpuscles : light touchMeissner’s corpuscles : light touch Paccinian corpuscles : touch, vibrationPaccinian corpuscles : touch, vibration Free nerve ending : painFree nerve ending : pain
Two systems in sensory transmission:Two systems in sensory transmission:1.1. The dorsal column-Lemniscal SystemThe dorsal column-Lemniscal System
- localization touch system- localization touch system- fine touch system- fine touch system- vibratory sensation- vibratory sensation- position- position- pressure- pressure
2.2. The anterolateral system / sys. spinothalamicus The anterolateral system / sys. spinothalamicus lateralislateralis- pain- pain- thermal sensation- thermal sensation- tickle and itch sensation- tickle and itch sensation- sexual sensation- sexual sensation- crude touch- crude touch
TONGUETONGUE
Has 2 important innervationsHas 2 important innervations
1.1. N. lingualis (branch of N. trigeminus), N. lingualis (branch of N. trigeminus), innervate the pressure, touch and pain.innervate the pressure, touch and pain.
2.2. N. facialis, innervate the tasteN. facialis, innervate the taste
PAINPAIN
Sherington’s philosophy:Sherington’s philosophy:
““unique built-in unpleasant affect”unique built-in unpleasant affect”
““the physical adjunct of an imperative the physical adjunct of an imperative protective reflex”protective reflex”
PAINPAIN Is one of the somatic sensory modalitiesIs one of the somatic sensory modalities Receptor: FREE NERVE ENDINGReceptor: FREE NERVE ENDING Sensory peripheral nerve:Sensory peripheral nerve:
- A- Aδδ type (myelinated): for fast pain type (myelinated): for fast pain- C type (unmyelinated): for slow pain- C type (unmyelinated): for slow pain
Medulla spinalis conduction:Medulla spinalis conduction:- anterolateral system atau - anterolateral system atau tractus spinothalamicus lateralis tractus spinothalamicus lateralis
Center of perception and interpretation:Center of perception and interpretation:- gyrus post-centralis / SSA I- gyrus post-centralis / SSA I
Fast pain:Fast pain:- Also known as sharp pain, pricking pain, acute Also known as sharp pain, pricking pain, acute
pain, electric pain.pain, electric pain.- Occurs within about 0.1 seconds after pain Occurs within about 0.1 seconds after pain
stimulus appliedstimulus applied
Slow painSlow pain- Begins after 1 second or more seconds after pain Begins after 1 second or more seconds after pain
stimulus applied and then increases slowly.stimulus applied and then increases slowly.- Also known as burning pain, aching pain, Also known as burning pain, aching pain,
throbbing pain, nauseous pain, chronic pain.throbbing pain, nauseous pain, chronic pain.
In which category DENTAL PAIN belongs to?In which category DENTAL PAIN belongs to?
S . S . A . I : Gyrus Postcentralis
PAIN - Impuls PAIN - Impuls pathwayspathways
Free nerve endings
A / C Med.
Spinalis
Thalamus
Tr.
Spino-
thalamicus
Pain mechanism on Pain mechanism on Free Nerve EndingFree Nerve Ending
trauma
Neurolemma / axolemma
Some substances
Free nerve ending
STIMULATIONS can generate PAIN
Mechanics , Thermal
Chemical , Electrical
Ischemia / infark
Muscle spasm
Sensory nerve
Free nerve
ending
large view
Traumatic Lesion
Action PotentialFree nerve
ending
Damaged cells
PE
Polypeptide+
Some substance
Some substance
Axolemma Permeability
Very easy to generate action potential
Free nerve ending
Some substanceSome substance
Bradikinin Prostaglandin
Histamin Substan P
Serotonin Leukotrien
Enzim proteolitik dll.
CephalgiCausal :
Intra cranial
Extra cranialMeningitis, encephalitis
Trauma kepala
Tek. Cairan serebro-spinal
Tumor, dll.
Spasme otot leher, kepala.
Sinusitis, obstruksi nasi.
Febris, influenza dll.
Thalamus
Tempat relay / sinap :
Impuls sensoris, kecuali :
Olfactorius & Otonomik
Thalamussynonym : kamar bertirai
Impuls Nyeri sinap di :
Nuclei ventrobasal
Resume
Receptor Med. spinalis
Thalamus
S.S.A. I = Gyrus postcentralisDibantu oleh :
SSA.II & SSAA
HOME WORK :
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