SPEAKING ABILITY
OF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA 1 GEBOG
TAUGHT BY USING INFORMATION GAP TECHNIQUE
IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014
By
Andhika Sahara
2010-32-193
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2014
SPEAKING ABILITY
OF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA 1 GEBOG
TAUGHT BY USING INFORMATION GAP TECHNIQUE
IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014
SKRIPSI
Presented to the Muria Kudus University
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program
In English Education
By
Andhika Sahara
NIM 201032193
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2014
iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO:
A beautiful process is part of life
Just trust Allah will give an appropriate we need, not we want
Always thanks Allah whatever happned
This final project is dedicated to:
The writer’s beloved father and mother
The writer’s beloved brothers and sister
The writer’s beloved friends
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirrobbil’alamin. There will never be another greatest thank
except to Allah SWT, the Almighty for the remarkable blessing and mercy to me, so
that this skripsi entitled “The Speaking Ability of the Tenth Grade Students of SMA 1
Gebog Taught by Using Information Gap Technique in Academic Year 2013/2014” is
able to be accomplished.
This skripsi is not merely the writer’s own work because of having been
greatly improved by some great people around her who suggested and guided her by
giving comments and advises to make it better. One point is this skripsi is arranged to
fulfill the one or requirements for completing the sarjana program. Therefore I would
like to express her great gratitude to the:
1. Dr. SlametUtomo, M.Pd., the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
and also the second advisor who is very helpful in giving corrections and
suggestions in arranging this skripsi.
2. DiahKurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd, the Head of English Education Department.
3. Dra. Sri Endang Kusmaryati, Mpd, the first advisor who is willing to spend a lot
of time to guide some advises to make this skripsi.
4. Supriyono, S.Pd., M.Pd as headmaster and Artisha Pratiwi Umi Dewi, S.Pd., as a
teacher of SMA 1 Gebog who has given permission and opportunity to the writer
by doing the research
5. All of the English lecturers of English Education Department of Teacher Training
and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University.
6. The writer’s beloved father and mother thank you for the way you have been
caring her with your love and affection.
7. The writer’s beloved brother and sisters.
8. All the writer’s beloved friends who always help and support her.
9. Her civitas, Muria Kudus University which have been the institute of her study.
viii
The writer always waits critics and suggestion from the readers which will be
fully appreciated. The writer do expects that this research will be useful for those,
especially who are in the field of education.
Last but not least, thanks for everyone who involved finishing making this skripsi
better.
Kudus, April 2014
Andhika Sahara
ix
ABSTRACT
Sahara, Andhika. 2014. Speaking Ability of the Tenth Grade Students of SMA 1 Gebog
Taught by Using Information Gap Technique in the Acadeic Year
2013/2014.Skripsi.English Education Department, Teacher Training and
Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisors: (1) Dra. Sri Endang
Kusmaryati, Mpd. ,(2) Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd.
Key words: Speaking Ability and Information Gap Technique
Teaching speaking should achieve the goal of curriculum, which is mastering
spoken and written English language in daily life. Speaking is a skill in producing oral
language which occurs when two or more people interact with each other aiming at
maintaining social relationship between them. Some of the tenth grade students in
SMA 1 Gebog are not brave enough to speak up. They are not confident themselves
and afraid of making mistake to speak English in front of the class. The speaking
ability of students is not being achieved yet. It is proved by the percentage of students;
only 35 % of students get high score and 65 % gets score under passing grade (KKM),
it is 75 in English and speaking. The writer assumes that using good technique can
solve the problem. One of the techniques that can be used in teaching speaking is
information gap technique. Because this technique is used to force them speak English
for getting information.
The purpose of the writer is to find out: (1) To find out the speaking ability of
the tenth grade students of SMA 1 Gebog before being taught by using information
gap technique in academic year 2013/2014. (2) To find out the speaking ability of the
tenth grade students of SMA 1 Gebog in after being taught by using information gap
technique the academic year 2013/2014. (3) To describe if there is a significant
difference between the speaking ability of the tenth grade students of SMA 1 Gebog
before and after being taught by using information gap technique in academic year
2013/2014. In this research the writer uses quasi experimental research design. There are
two variables; Information Gap Technique as independent variable and the speaking
ability of the tenth grade students of SMA 1 Gebog in academic year 2013/2014 as
dependent variable. The writer determines tenth grade students of SMA 1 Gebog in
academic year 2013/2014 as the population. The writer takes samples in X7 as class of
experiment.
After conducting the treatment of the speaking ability of the tenth grade students
of SMA 1 Gebog taught by using Information Gap Technique in the academic
year2013/2014, The result of the experiment can be seen that the calculation of t-test,
with the level of significance 5%, the Degree of Freedom (Df) is 31, and t-table (tt)
2.042, the t- obtained (to) 4.87. In the other words, t-obtained is higher than t-table.
The speaking ability of the tenth grade students of SMA 1 Gebog after being taught by
using Information Gap Technique in the academic year2013/2014 is “good”. It is
showed by the mean is 75.2 and the standard deviation is 5.5. It is higher than the
mean of the speaking ability of the tenth grade students of SMA 1 Gebog before being
taught by using Information Gap Technique in academic year 2013/2014 which the
x
mean 69 and standard deviation is 6.25. It is categorized as “sufficient”. It means that
the Null Hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) is confirmed.
Based on the research result above, the writer concludes that Information Gap
Technique is effective to be used in teaching sepaking of the tenth grade students of
SMA 1 Gebog in academic year 2013/2014. For the teacher and the other researcher,
Information Gap Technique can be useful as the reference for further research and
teaching learning especially in teaching speaking.
xi
ABSTRAKSI
Sahara, Andhika. 2014. Kemampuan Berbicara Siswa Kelas X SMA 1 Gebog Diajar
Menggunakan Teknik Information Gap Tahun Ajaran
2013/2014.Skripsi.Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan, Universitas Muria Kudus. Penguji: (1) Dra. Sri Endang
Kusmaryati, Mpd. ,(2) Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd.
Kata Kunci: Kemampuan berbicara dan Teknik Information Gap
Pengajaran berbicara harus mencapai tujuan kurikulum, yang meliputi
penguasaan Bahasa Inggris secara lisan sehari – hari. Berbicara adalah suatu
kemampuan untuk menghasilkan bahasa lisan yang terjadi ketika dua orang atau lebih
saling berinteraksi untuk mempertahankan hubungan diantara mereka. Beberapa siswa
kelas X SMA 1 Gebog kurang begitu berani untuk berbicara Bahas Inggris. Mereka
tidak percaya diri dan takut jika membuat kesalaha dalam berbicara di depan kelas
menggunakan Bahasa Inggris. Kemampuan berbicara oleh siswa belum tercapai. Hal
ini bisa dilihat dari prosentase hasil belajar siswa, hanya 35% siswa yang memperoleh
nilai tinggi dan 65% siswa memperoleh nilai di bawah KKM dalam berbicara. Penulis
berasumsi bahwa meggunakan tenik yang bagus dapat menyelesaikan masalah
tersebut. Salah satu teknik yang dapt digunakan untuk menghadapi masalah tersebut
adalah teknik information gap. Ini karena teknik tersebut digunakan untuk memicu
siswa berbicara bahasa Inggris untuk memperoleh informasi.
Tujuan dari penulis ialah: (1) Untuk menemukan kemampuan berbicara siswa
kelas X SMA 1 Gebog sebelum diajar menggunakan teknik information gap tahun
ajaran 2013/2014. (2) Untuk menemukan kemampuan berbicara siswa kelas X SMA 1
Gebog setelah diajar menggunakan teknik information gap tahun ajaran 2013/2014.
(3) Untuk menjelaskan kemampuan berbicara siswa kelas X SMA 1 Gebog sebelum
dan setelah diajar menggunakan teknik information gap tahun ajaran 2013/2014.
Dlam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan design penelitian quasi experimental.
Terdapat dua variable; Teknik Information Gap sebagai variabel bebas dan
kemampuan berbicara siswa kelas X SMA 1 Gebog tahun jaran 2013/2014 sebagai
variabel terikat. Penulis menentukan siswa kelas X SMA 1 Gebog tahun ajaran
2013/2014 sebagai populasi. Penulis menggambil kelas X7 sebagai sample penelitian.
Setelah selesai melakukan pengajaran dalam kemampuan berbicara dari siswa
kelas X SMA 1 Gebog menggunakan teknik information gap tahun ajaran
2013/21014, hasil dari penelitian dapat dilihat dalam perhitungan t-test dengan tingkat
keabsahan 5%, degree of freedom (Df) 31, t-tatble 2,042, dan t-obtained (t0) 4,87.
Dengan kata lain t-obtained lebih besar daripada t-table. Kemampuan berbicara siswa
kelas X SMA 1 Gebog setelah diajar menggunakan teknik information gap tahun jaara
2013/2014 dikategorikan bagus. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh rata – rata yaitu 75,2 dan
dengan standar deviasi 5,5. Data tersebut lebih tinggi dari rata – rata kemampuan
berbicara siswa kelas X SMA 1 Gebog sebelum diajar menggunakan teknik
infrmation gap tahun jaran 2013/2104 yaitu 69 dan standar deviasi 6,25. Dan hasil
tersebut dikategorikan cukup. Dari data diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis nol
ditoalk dan hipotesis pilihan diterima.
xii
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diatas, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa teknik
information gap efektif untuk digunakan dalam pengajaran berbicara siswa kelas X
SMA 1 Gebog tahun ajaran 2013/2104. Bagi guru dan peneliti lainnya, teknik
information gap dapat digunakan sebagai referensi penelitian selanjutnya khususnya
dalam pengajaran berbicara.
xiii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COVER ............................................................................................................. i
LOGO ................................................................................................................ ii
TITLE ............................................................................................................... iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ....................................................................... iv
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL .............................................................................. v
EXAMINER’S APPROVAL .......................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... vii
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... viii
ABSTRAKSI .................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ xii
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... xv
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................... xvii
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. xvii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Research ..................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................... 4
1.3 Objectives of the Research ....................................................................... 5
1.4 Significance of the Research ..................................................................... 5
1.5 Scope of the Research ............................................................................... 6
1.6 Operational Definition .............................................................................. 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE AND HYPHOTHESIS
2.1.1 Teaching English in SMA 1 Gebog ......................................................... 8
2.1.2 Curriculum and Purpose of Teaching English in SMA 1 Gebog .............. 9
2.1.3 Material and Technique of Teaching English in SMA 1 Gebog............... 10
2.2 Speaking as One of Language Skills in Teaching English ....................... 11
2.3 Technique in Teaching ............................................................................ 15
xiv
2.3.1 Concept of Information Gap Technique ................................................... 16
2.3.2 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Information Gap Technique ....... 17
2.3.3 The Implementation of Information Gap Technique in Teaching Speaking
...................................................................................... ............................ 19
2.4 Reviews of Previous Research ................................................................. 21
2.5 Theoretical Framework............................................................................. 23
2.6 Hypothesis ................................................................................................ 25
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
3.1 Design of the Research ............................................................................. 26
3.2 Population and Sample ............................................................................. 27
3.3 Research Instrument ................................................................................ 29
3.4 Data Collection ......................................................................................... 32
3.5 Data Analysis ............................................................................................ 32
CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH
4.1 Finding of The Research........................................................................... 36
4.1.1 The Speaking Ability of the Tenth Grade Students of SMA 1 Gebog
before being Taught by Using Information Gap Technique in academic
year 2013/2014 ......................................................................................... 36
4.1.2 The Speaking Ability of the Tenth Grade Students of SMA 1 Gebog
after being Taught by Using Information Gap Technique in academic
year 2013/2014 ......................................................................................... 39
4.2 Hypothesis Testing ................................................................................... 41
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION
5.1 The Speaking Ability of the Tenth Grade Students of SMA 1 Gebog
before being Taught by using Information Gap Technique in academic
year 2013/2014 .......................................................................................... 42
5.2 The Speaking Ability of the Tenth Grade Students of SMA 1 Gebog after
being Taught by using Information Gap Technique in academic year
2013/2014 ................................................................................................. 44
xv
5.3 The Significant Difference of Speaking Ability of the Tenth Grade
Students of SMA 1 Gebog before and after being Taught by using
Information Gap Technique in academic year 2013/2014 ........................ 46
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 48
6.2 Suggestion ................................................................................................. 49
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 50
APPENDICES .................................................................................................. 52
STATEMENT
CURICULUM VITAE
DOCUMENTATION
xvi
LIST OF TABLE
Table Page
3.1 Data of the Number of the Students of SMA 1 Gebog 2013/2014 ....... 28
3.2 Scoring Scale of Speaking Ability.......................................................... 30
3.3 Range of the Score .................................................................................. 31
3.4 The Criteria of The Reading Comprehension of Eighth Grade Students
in academic year 2013/2014 ................................................................... 32
4.1 The Speaking Ability of the tenth Grade Students of SMA 1 Gebog
before being Taught by Using Information Gap Technique in academic
year 2013/2014 ....................................................................................... 37
4.2 Frequency Distribution of Speaking Ability of the tenth Grade
Students of SMA 1 Gebog before being Taught by Using Information
Gap Technique in academic year 2013/2014 ......................................... 38
4.3 The Speaking Ability of the tenth Grade Students of SMA 1 Gebog
after being Taught by Using Information Gap Technique in academic
year 2013/2014 ....................................................................................... 39
4.4 Frequency Distribution of Speaking Ability of the tenth Grade
Students of SMA 1 Gebog after being Taught by Using Information
Gap Technique in academic year 2013/2014 ......................................... 40
4.5 The Summary of the Speaking Ability of the Tenth Grade Students of
SMA 1 Gebog befor and after being Taught by Using Information Gap
Technique in academic year 2013/2014.................................................. 42
xvii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
2.1 Theoretical Framework of the Research ................................................. 25
4.1 The Pie Diagram of Speaking Ability of the tenth Grade Students of
SMA 1 Gebog before being Taught by Using Information Gap
Technique in academic year 2013/2014 ................................................. 38
4.2 The Pie Diagram of Speaking Ability of the tenth Grade Students of
SMA 1 Gebog after being Taught by Using Information Gap
Technique in academic year 2013/2014 ................................................. 41
xviii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Page
1. The Syllabus of Tenth Grade Students of SMA 1 Gebog in academic
year 2013/2014 ............................................................................................. 52
2. Lesson Plan of Teaching by Information Gap Technique ........................... 63
3. Instrument of Test ....................................................................................... 80
4. Score the of Speaking Ability of the tenth Grade Students of SMA 1
Gebog before being Taught by Using Information Gap Technique in
academic year 2013/2014 ............................................................................ 83
5. The Calculation of Mean, median, mode and Standard Deviation of
Speaking Ability of the tenth Grade Students of SMA 1 Gebog before
being Taught by Using Information Gap Technique in academic year
2013/2014 .................................................................................................... 84
6. Score the of Speaking Ability of the tenth Grade Students of SMA 1
Gebog after being Taught by Using Information Gap Technique in
academic year 2013/2014............................................................................. 86
7. The Calculation of Mean, median, mode and Standard Deviation of
Speaking Ability of the tenth Grade Students of SMA 1 Gebog after
being Taught by Using Information Gap Technique in academic year
2013/2014 .................................................................................................... 88
8. T-test Calculation of Pre-test and Post-test of the Tenth Grade Students
of SMA 1 Gebog .......................................................................................... 90
9. The Calculation of t-test of Speaking Ability of the Tenth Grade Students
of SMA 1 Gebog taught bu Using Information Gap Technique in
academic year 2013/2014............................................................................. 91
10. Critical Value of t-table ............................................................................... 93