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KULIAH KE : 31 & 32
SISTEM : SARAF
PEMATERI : ANATOMY BAB (MARTINI) : 13
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IO Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
1. Discuss the structure of the spinal cord.
2. Describe the three meningeal layersthat
surround the central nervous system.
3. Describe the major components of a spinalnerve.
4. Relate the distribution pattern of spinal
nervesto the regions they innervate.
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Sistem saraf pusat dan tepi
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Sistem saraf pusat (SSP)
OTAK & MEDULLA SPINALIS
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2. SISTEM SARAF TEPI
(SST)
12 NERVI CRANIALES &
31 NERVI SPINALES
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THE SPINAL CORD AND SPINAL NERVES
Lecture outline
I. INTRODUCTION
II. GROSS ANATOMY OF THE SPINAL CORD Spinal meninges
Sectional anatomy of the spinal cord
III.SPINAL NERVES Peripheral distribution of spinal nerves
Nerves plexuses
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I. INTRODUCTION
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Sistem saraf pusat (SSP)
MEDULLA SPINALIS
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II. GROSS ANATOMY OF THE SPINAL CORD
II.1 Spinal meninges
II.2 Sectional anatomy of the spinal cord
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Medulla spinalis
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FIGURE 13-1 Gross Anatomy of the Adult Spinal Cord.
(a)The superficial anatomy and orientation of the adult spinal cord. The numbers to the left identify the
spinal nerves and indicate where the nerve roots leave the vertebral canal. The spinal cord, however,
extends from the brain only to the level of vertebrae L1L2.
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L1-2: Conusmedullaris
fillum terminalis
L3: cauda
equina
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Fg13_01.jpg
SEGMEN:
CERVICALIS- 8, THORACALIS-12,LUMBALIS-5,
SACRALIS-5,COCCYGEUS-1
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INTUMESENSIA
CERVICAL
(C5)
LUMBALIS
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FIGURE 13-1 Gross Anatomy of the Adult Spinal Cord.
(b)Inferior views of cross sectionsthrough representative segments of the spinal cord, showing the
arrangement of gray matter and white matter.
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II.1 SPINAL MENINGES
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L1-2: Conusmedullaris
fillum terminalis
L3: cauda
equina
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FIGURE 13-2 The Spinal Cord and Spinal Meninges.
(a)A posterior view of the spinal cord, showing the meningeal layers, superficial landmarks, and the
distribution of gray matter and white matter.
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FIGURE 13-2 The Spinal Cord and Spinal Meninges.
(b)A sectional view through the spinal cord and meninges, showing the peripheral distribution of
spinal nerves.
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FIGURE 13-3 The Cervical Spinal Cord.An anterior view of the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots in
the vertebral canal. The dura mater and arachnoid membrane have been cut and reflected; notice the
blood vessels that run in the subarachnoid space, bound to the outer surface of the delicate pia mater.
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FIGURE 13-4 Spinal Taps and Myelography.
(a)The lumbar puncture needle is in the subarachnoid space, between the nerves of the cauda
equina. The needle has been inserted between thethird and fourth lumbar spinous processes,
pointing at a superior angle.
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FIGURE 13-4 Spinal Taps and Myelography.
(b)A myelograman X-ray image of the spinal cord after a radiopaque dye has been
introduced into the CSFof the inferior lumbar region.
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II.2 SECTIONAL ANATOMY
OF THE SPINAL CORD
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ARTRITIS TUBERKULOSA
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FIGURE 13-5 The Sectional Organization of the Spinal Cord.
(a)The left half of this sectional view shows important anatomical landmarksand the majorregions of white matter in the posterior white column. The right half indicates the functional
organization of the nucleiin the anterior, lateral, and posterior gray horns.
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FIGURE 13-5 The Sectional Organization of the Spinal Cord.
(b)A micrograph of a section through the spinal cord, showing major landmarks; compare with (a).
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2. SISTEM SARAF TEPI
(SST)31 NERVI SPINALES
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III. SPINAL NERVES
III.1 Peripheral distribution of spinal nerves
III.2 Nerves plexuses
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FIGURE 13-6 A Peripheral Nerve.
(a)Electron micrograph of a typical peripheral nerve and its connective tissue wrappings, the
perineurium, endoneurium, and epineurium. (SEM X 340) Reproduced from R. G. Kessel and R. H.
Kardon,Tissues and Organs: A Text-Atlas of Scanning Electron Microscopy, W. H. Freeman & Co.,
1979.
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FIGURE 13-6 A Peripheral Nerve.
(b)diagrammatic views of a typical peripheral nerve and its connective tissue wrappings, the
perineurium, endoneurium, and epineurium. (SEM X 340) Reproduced from R. G. Kessel and R. H.
Kardon,Tissues and Organs: A Text-Atlas of Scanning Electron Microscopy, W. H. Freeman & Co.,
1979.
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III.1 Peripheral distribution of spinal nerves
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FIGURE 13-7 Peripheral Distribution of Spinal Nerves.
(b)A comparable view of the distribution of sensory fibers.
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FIGURE 13-7 Peripheral Distribution of Spinal Nerves.
(a)The distribution of motor fibersin the major branches of a representative thoracic or superiorlumbar spinal nerve. (Although the gray ramus is normally proximal to the white ramus, this
diagrammatic view makes it easier to follow the relationships between preganglionic and
postganglionic fibers.)
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DERMATOMpemeriksaan sensorik_ blok neurobehaviour
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SERABUT YANG DIBAWA NERVI SPINALES
SOMATIK/ VOLUNTER : SENSORIK &MOTORIK
OTONOM :
SEGMEN CRANIO
SACRALE:PARASIMPATIS
SEGMEN THORACO
LUMBAL:SIMPATIS
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Perhatikan ganglion sympathicus ---truncus sympathicus
h k l h
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Perhatikan ganglion sympathicus ---truncus sympathicus
Perhatikan ganglion sympathicus ---
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Perhatikan ganglion sympathicus truncus sympathicus
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Perhatikan ganglion sympathicus ---truncus sympathicus
Th l b l i ti
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Thoracolumbal simpatis
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Craniosacral : parasimpatis
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III.2 Nerves plexuses
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FIGURE 13-9 Peripheral Nerves and Nerve Plexuses.
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PLEXUS CERVICALIS
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PLEXUS BRACHIALIS
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PLEXUS LUMBALIS & SACRALIS
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PLEXUS BRACHIALIS: C5 T1
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PLEXUS BRACHIALIS
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! n.medianus, n. radialis,n. ulnaris
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Carpal tunnel syndrome: CTS
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PLEXUS LUMBALIS & SACRALIS
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Plexus lumbalis
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Plexus sacralis
! n.Femoralisn.Saphenus
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! n.Ischiadicus n.Tibialis & n. Peroneus communis,
n.Pudendus, n.Gluteus sup. &inf
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n. Thoracalis ramuscutaneus anterior,
lateral, dorsalis
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Plexus sympaticus :
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Plexus sympaticus :celiacus, hypogastricus
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