Department of National Defence
Defence Research and Development Canada
Industry Canada
October 8, 2010
Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap
Workshop 4: C4I/Sensors
Montréal, March 9-11, 2010
Volume 1. C4I/Sensors Report
Page ii of 169
Acknowledgements
The Department of National Defence (DND), Defence Research and Development Canada
(DRDC), and Industry Canada (IC) would like to acknowledge the contributions and support
provided by the IC Special Events team that organized the C4I/Sensors workshop venue,
logistics, and accommodations; the Soldier Systems TRM C4I/Sensors Technical Subcommittee
and co-chairs, and the Executive Steering Committee for sharing their time and expertise; the
Strategic Review Group Inc., for facilitating the workshop; and the participants from across
Canada, the United States, and abroad, who contributed to making the workshop a success.
Special thanks to those who presented at the workshop, for sharing their time, energy, and
knowledge.
Page iii of 169
Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... viii
Preface: C4I/Sensors and The Soldier Systems TRM ..................................................... 9
About the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap (TRM) ......................................... 9
C4I/Sensors and the Roadmap .............................................................................. 10
The Workshop Process .......................................................................................... 12
C4I/Sensors Workshop Introduction .............................................................................. 13
Introductory Presentation Abstracts ........................................................................ 13
Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Development
and Implementation Phases, Mr. G. Nimmo (IC) .................................. 13
Soldier Systems Modernization Effort Update and Return
on Power/Energy Workshop, LCol M.A. Bodner (DRDC) ..................... 14
Overview of DRDC R&D Strategy and Program, Dr. G. Vézina (DRDC).......... 15
Focus Days Program and Process, Return on Visioning Workshop:
C4I Elements, Mr. P. Carr (SRG) ......................................................... 15
Part I. Soldier Systems C4I (Command, Control, Communications, Computers,
and Intelligence) ................................................................................................... 16
1. Soldier Systems C4I Deficiencies, Vision, Themes/Needs and Goals .................... 16
C4I Session 1 Presentation Abstracts .................................................................... 16
1.1 Overview of Current Soldier Systems Equipment and C4I
Deficiencies, Capt. A. Dionne (DND) ................................................... 16
Demonstration of the Need for C4I in the Field ................................................ 17
1.2 Future Soldier C4I Capabilities Requirements,
Mr.P. Comtois (DND) ........................................................................... 20
Luncheon Speaker: Marine Expeditionary Rifle Squad (MERS): Trends
and Initiatives for Infantry C4I Systems, Mrs. S. Torfin (USMC) ........... 20
C4I Breakaway Session 1. C4I Needs—the Vision ................................................. 21
Inputs to C4I Working Session 1 ............................................................................ 21
Results of C4I Working Session 1 .......................................................................... 24
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2. C4I Objectives, Driving Elements, Barriers, and Technical Challenges .................. 31
C4I Session 2 Presentation Abstracts .................................................................... 31
2.1 Overview of Army IM Strategy and C4IST Concept,
Mr. S. Hoag (DLCI-3) ........................................................................... 31
2.2 Soldier C4I Systems Development Trends & Technical Challenges:
an Industry Perspective, Mr. L. O'Neill (Industry Co-Chair) .................. 31
C4I Breakaway Session 2: The Challenges & Functionalities ................................. 32
Inputs to C4I Working Session 2 ............................................................................ 32
Results of C4I Working Session 2 .......................................................................... 33
Other Presentations ............................................................................................... 35
Collaboration Tool (ICee) Presentation, Mrs. M. Huard (IC/DND) .................... 35
Overview of IRB Program, Ms. Nathalie Couture, Senior Manager,
Industrial and Regional Benefits Policy (IC) ......................................... 35
3. Potential Solutions/Options and Related Technologies .......................................... 36
C4I Session 3 Presentation Abstracts .................................................................... 36
3.1 NATO LCG1 Soldier C4I Architecture & Symbology,
Mr. C. Lemelin (DND) .......................................................................... 36
3.2 Soldier Communication & Software Radio Technologies:
State-of-the-Art Overview, Mr. J. Schelsak (CRC) ............................... 36
3.3 Applications of Novel Biometrics Technologies to Soldier
C4I Systems, Dr. Q. Xiao (DRDC) ....................................................... 37
3.4 Soldier Navigation Technologies in Complex Environment:
State-of-the-Art Overview, Mr. J. Bird (DRDC) ..................................... 37
3.5 Human Factors Lessons Learned about C4I Interfaces
for Soldiers, Maj. L. Bossi (DND), Ed Nakaza, Sr Consultant,
HumanSystems Incorporated ............................................................... 38
Luncheon speaker: NSERC: Overview of NSERC Research Partnerships
Programs, Mrs. M. Michalska ............................................................... 39
C4I Breakaway Session 3: C4I Technologies/Solutions ......................................... 40
Inputs to C4I Working Session 3 ..................................................................... 40
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Results of C4I Working Session 3 ................................................................... 42
4. Technology Gaps and Collaboration Opportunities ................................................... 45
C4I Session 4 Presentation Abstracts .................................................................... 45
4.1 Unattended Ground Sensors: State-of-the-Art Overview,
Mr. B. Ricard (DRDC) & Mrs L. Lamont (CRC) .................................... 45
C4I Breakaway Session 4: Priorities and Collaborators .......................................... 46
Inputs to C4I Working Session 4 ..................................................................... 46
Results of C4I Working Session 4 ................................................................... 46
5. ICee Contest Winner Presentations ......................................................................... 52
Rapid Intervention Tracking System, 3D RFID TAC ........................................ 52
innUVative Systems, Mr. Mike Meakin ............................................................ 52
MicroDAGR, Rockwell Collins ......................................................................... 53
Newtrax, Low Energy UGS Mesh Networks for Persistent Surveillance
in Remote Areas .................................................................................. 53
Part II. Soldier Sensors Systems ............................................................................... 54
Introduction to Soldier Sensors ..................................................................................... 54
Introductory Presentation Abstract ......................................................................... 54
Return on Lethal & Non Lethal Weapons Effects Workshop:
C4I Related Considerations, Mr. D. Compton ...................................... 54
1. Soldier Systems Sensors Deficiencies, Vision, Themes/Needs, Goals,
Objectives, Desired Systems Performance, Barriers, Technical Challenges........... 55
Sensors Session 1 Presentation Abstracts ............................................................. 55
1.1 Future Soldier Sensors Capability Requirements, Drivers,
Challenges and Gaps, Capt O. Sylvain, DND ...................................... 55
Demonstration of the Need for Sensors in the Field ........................................ 56
1.2 Overview of Soldier Sensor Systems Development Trends &
Challenges: an Industry Perspective, Mr. Rick Bowes
(Industry Co-chair) ............................................................................... 59
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Sensors Breakaway Session 1. The Vision & Challenges ...................................... 60
Inputs to Sensors Working Session 1 .............................................................. 60
Results of Sensors Working Session 1 ............................................................ 61
2. Potential Solutions/Options and Related Technologies .......................................... 67
Sensors Session 2 Presentation Abstracts ............................................................. 67
2.1 See Through Wall Sensing Technologies: State-of-the-art
Overview, Mr. Pascale Sévigny (DRDC) .............................................. 67
2.2 Emerging Sensing Technology Overview, Mr. J. Maheux (DRDC) ....... 67
Luncheon speaker: Overview of Precarn Programs on Intelligent
and Communication Systems, Dr. H. Rothschild .................................. 68
2.3 Physiological Status Monitoring Technologies: State-of-the-art
Overview, Dr. S. Stergiopoulos (DRDC) ............................................... 68
2.4 Nano/Micro Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Technologies:
State-of-the-Art Overview, Dr. F Wong (DRDC) ................................... 69
Sensors Breakaway Working Session 2: The Technologies ................................... 70
Inputs to Sensors Working Session 2 .............................................................. 70
Results of Sensors Working Session 2 ............................................................ 71
3. Sensor Technology Gaps and Collaborations ......................................................... 74
Sensors Breakaway Session 3 ............................................................................... 74
Inputs to Sensors Working Session 3 .............................................................. 74
Results of Sensors Working Session 3 ............................................................ 74
Part III. Next Steps ....................................................................................................... 75
Ongoing and Upcoming Roadmap Activities ................................................................. 75
Ongoing C4I/Sensors Collaborations...................................................................... 75
Sharing Knowledge with the ICee Database and Wiki ............................................ 75
Upcoming Workshops ............................................................................................ 76
Appendixes
A. Workshop Agenda .................................................................................................. 77
B. C4I/Sensors Scope Definition ................................................................................. 81
C. List of Workshop Participants ................................................................................. 85
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D. C4I Working Session 1 Participant Input ................................................................ 95
E. C4I Working Session 2 Participant Worksheets .................................................... 101
F. C4I Working Session 3 Participant Stickies—the Challenges ............................... 108
G. Sensors Working Session 2 ................................................................................. 149
H. C4I/Sensor Mind Maps ......................................................................................... 164
List of Figures
Figure 1. C4I/Sensors and the Soldier Systems TRM .................................................... 10
Figure 2. The Technical Roadmapping Process ............................................................ 12
Figure 3. Three sections of dismounted soldiers proceed through a village ................... 17
Figure 4. The sections are separated geographically, and the soldiers
can't all see each other ................................................................................... 17
Figure 5.The point man in section 1 encounters what appears to be a villager
with a weapon ................................................................................................ 18
Figure 6. Example of completed worksheet for C4I Session 2 ....................................... 33
Figure 7. C4I Challenges Determined from Breakaway Session 2
Participant Responses .................................................................................... 34
Figure 8. Example of a completed sticky from sensor working session 1 ....................... 41
Figure 9. Distribution of C4I stickies on the wall by challenge and
potential for progress ...................................................................................... 43
Figure 10. Distribution of C4I stickies on the wall by challenge and timeframe .............. 44
Figure 11. 40 Key Technologies to Research, and Suggested Key Players .................. 47
Figure 12. The sensors demonstration focused on observation post "Falcon's Nest,"
represented by the triangle in the graphic. .............................................................. 56
Figure 13. Distribution of Sensor Stickies on the Wall by Challenge and Timeframe ..... 72
Figure 14. Distribution of Sensor Stickies on the Wall by Challenge and
Potential for Progress ................................................................................... 73
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Executive Summary
This report describes the C4I (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and
Intelligence) and Sensors Workshop held in Montréal in March, 2010—the fourth in a
series of technical workshops held as part of the Soldier Systems Technology
Roadmapping (TRM) initiative.
The Preface introduces the Soldier Systems TRM project, which involves industry,
government, academia, and other interested parties in working toward developing an
integrated system for the dismounted soldier. It places C4I and sensors in the context of
the project, and describes the process followed during the workshop to achieve the
ultimate goal of identifying research and development priorities and collaborations for
meeting the dismounted soldier's future C4I/Sensor needs.
Part I, Soldier Systems C4I, describes activities on days 1 and 2 of the workshop, which
focused on C4I and the dismounted soldier. It provides abstracts of the presentations
made on those days. It also describes four breakout sessions, during which participants
worked together to develop a vision for C4I and the dismounted soldier, identify the
challenges and key functionalities involved in realizing the vision, outline the
technologies to work on, and establish priorities and collaborations for working on those
technologies.
Part II, Soldier Systems Sensors, describes activities on day 3 of the workshop, which
focused on sensors and the dismounted soldier. As with Part 1, it includes presentation
abstracts and working session descriptions and summarizes the results of the working
sessions.
Part III, Next Steps, describes upcoming activities in the ongoing Soldier Systems TRM
project.
Appendixes to the report provide the workshop agenda, define C4I/Sensor terms, list the
workshop participants, and describe DND's soldier systems mind maps for C4I/Sensors.
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Preface: C4I/Sensors and The Soldier Systems TRM
The C4I/Sensors Workshop held in Montréal, Québec, March 9-11, 2010, was one in a
series of workshops associated with the development phase of the Soldier Systems
Technology Roadmapping initiative.
About the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap (TRM)
The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap (TRM) project is a unique industry-
government collaboration to apply roadmapping principles and processes to develop a
comprehensive knowledge-sharing platform and identify technology opportunities in
support of the Canadian Forces Soldier Modernization Effort.
Participation in the Soldier Systems TRM is free and voluntary and open to Canadian
and international manufacturing, services, and technology-based companies of all sizes,
and to researchers and other experts from academia, government, and not-for-profit
research organizations from Canada and around the world.
The focus of the Soldier Systems TRM—the soldier system—is defined within NATO as
the integration of everything the soldier wears, carries and consumes for enhanced
individual and collective (small unit) capability within the national command and control
structure. It centers on the needs of the dismounted soldier, who is often away from the
supply network and must be self-sufficient for up to 72 hours.
The overarching goal of the Soldier Systems TRM is to understand how today's
technology—and tomorrow's—might contribute to a superior soldier system that
increases capacities and operational effectiveness for the individual soldier in the five
NATO capability areas of Command, Control, Communications, Computers and
Intelligence (C4I); Survivability; Mobility; Lethality; and Sustainability.
The Soldier Systems TRM exercise is governed by an Executive Steering Committee
made up of government and industry representatives, and includes technical
subcommittees dedicated to each capability area.
For information about any aspect of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap project,
visit http://www.soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca
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C4I/Sensors and the Roadmap
C4I/Sensors1 was the fourth workshop held as part
of the development phase of the Soldier Systems
TRM. (Figure 1. C4I/Sensors and the Soldier
Systems TRM). The first two days of the workshop
focused on C4I, and the third day on sensors.
C4I/Sensors and the Soldier System
As with all of the Soldier Systems TRM workshops,
the focus of the C4I/Sensors workshop was on the
needs of the dismounted soldier. C4I and sensors
play a critical role in meeting those needs with a
soldier system. They are the key to providing
networked situational awareness at the dismounted
soldier and small team level.
This, in turn, is critical for precise navigation;
information exchange, storage and retrieval; target
acquisition; and intra and interconnectivity between
soldiers, leaders, weapons systems, and a range of
factors associated with awareness of what is
happening in the field.
C4I and sensors can be defined in different ways.
To ensure that participants came to the workshop
with a shared understanding of the workshop's
purpose and scope, and of key definitions related to
C4I/Sensors, participants were sent basic definitions
and other information in advance of the workshop.
The full information is provided in Appendix B,
C4I/Sensors Scope Definition. A brief summary of
the information follows.
1 C4I stands for Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence.
Figure 1. C4I/Sensors and the Soldier Systems TRM
5. Technical
Workshop:
Sensors
1.
Visioning & Future Capabilities
(Held in June 2009)
2. Technical Workshop:
Power/Energy/Sustainability
3. Technical Workshop:
Weapons: Lethal & Non-Lethal
4. Technical
Workshop:
C4I
6. Technical Workshop:
Survivability/Equipment/Clothing
& Footwear/Load Carriage
7. Technical Workshop:
Human & Systems Integration
8.
Roadmap Integration
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C4I/Sensors Definitions
The acronym C4I stands for "command, control, communications, computers, and
intelligence".
Command and control is about decision-making, the exercise of direction by a properly
designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of a
mission. Information, computers and communications technologies support command
and control, and are used to achieve information superiority. C4I systems provide also
tools to improve commanders with situational awareness—information about the location
and status of enemy and friendly forces.
Command and control (C2)—The exercise of authority and direction by a properly
designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the
mission. Command and control functions are performed through an arrangement of
personnel, equipment, communications, facilities, and procedures employed by a
commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in
the accomplishment of the mission.
Command—The authority that a commander in the Armed Forces lawfully exercises
over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment. Command includes the authority and
responsibility for effectively using available resources and for planning the employment
of, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling military forces for the
accomplishment of assigned missions and meet the commander intent.
Computing and communications—Two pervasive enabling technologies that support
C2 and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance. Computers and communications
process and transport information.
Control—Authority which may be less than full command exercised by a commander
over part of the activities of subordinate or other organizations. Physical or psychological
pressures exerted with the intent to assure that an agent or group will respond as
directed.
Intelligence (I)—The product resulting from the collection, processing, integration,
analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of available information concerning foreign
countries or areas. Information and knowledge about an adversary obtained through
observation, investigation, analysis, or understanding.
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The Workshop Process
The goal of the C4I/Sensors Workshop was to:
1. Identify and validate the future C4I and sensor capabilities required by the
dismounted soldier.
2. Identify the functionalities that can meet those capabilities, and the challenges
associated with developing them.
3. Identify the technologies that must be developed to meet the challenges and
address the needed functionalities.
4. Identify R&D priority areas and collaborations to be the focus of technology
development efforts in the context of the Soldier Systems TRM.
To achieve this goal, the workshop followed a carefully designed process (Figure 2. The
Technical Roadmapping Process) using a series of presentations and working sessions.
This document summarizes those presentations and the results of the working sessions,
following the structure of the workshop agenda (See Appendix A. Workshop Agenda).
Figure 2. The Technical Roadmapping Process
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C4I/Sensors Workshop Introduction
The workshop started with a series of introductory presentations designed to familiarize
participants with the technical roadmapping process and with soldier systems.
Abstracts of those presentations follow. The full presentations are provided in Volume 2,
C4I/Sensors Slide Decks, Day 1 of 3—C4I. They are also available in the Innovation
Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee) tool, which is accessible from the
Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap web site: http://www.soldiersystems-
systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca
Introductory Presentation Abstracts
Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Development and Implementation
Phases, Mr. G. Nimmo (IC)
Defines and provides an
overview of the technology
roadmapping process.
Describes other Canadian
roadmapping experiences.
Outlines the Soldier Systems
TRM Project, including its
objectives and the roles of
industry and government.
Describes Soldier Systems
TRM project enablers, including
the workshops, the Innovation
Collaboration and Exchange
Environment (ICee) database
and wiki, and roadmapping software.
Lists project stakeholders. Outlines the governance framework and lists the C4I
technical subcommittee members. Describes roadmap activities and schedules. Makes
clear that roadmapping is about better planning, and is not part of the procurement
process. Provides success snapshots associated with the Soldier Systems TRM to date.
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Soldier Systems Modernization Effort Update and Return on Power/Energy
Workshop, LCol M.A. Bodner (DRDC)
Describes C4I technologies
evolution. Outlines next-
generation soldier needs.
Provides definitions of C4ISR
and soldier systems, including
the C4ISR NATO Definition:
The provision of information
and intelligence that enables
decision superiority necessary
to execute the Commander's
Intent, along with the
appropriate level of situational
awareness, to the point of
achieving the desired effect.
Describes Canadian Forces Objective Force 2028 Vision. Outlines C4I/Sensor
initiatives, future capability vision, and army strategy. Describes the soldier
modernization effort and the integrated soldier "system of systems." Outlines soldier
systems R& D history.
Describes core C4I/Sensor
capabilities and future
requirements.
Places the soldier system in the
context of the world stage.
Summarizes global market
opportunities. Places the
Soldier Systems TRM project in
the context of the preceding
soldier systems efforts.
Describes outcomes of the
Power and Energy Workshop
held Sept 21-23, 2009.
Summarizes future soldier systems challenges. Describes the pre-eminent place of the
soldier in Canadian Forces combat systems.
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Overview of DRDC R&D Strategy and Program, Dr. G. Vézina (DRDC)
Outlines the "Canada First"
strategy of DRDC (Defence
Research and Development
Canada) and the Land R&D
Program. Outlines the strategy
direction. Describes Defence
R&D Canada partners.
Explains how science and
technology can help solve
defence and security problems.
Outlines technologies that can
lead to advantages or
disadvantages. Lists defence
S&T partner groups, thrusts,
and themes. Describes new
related DRDC initiatives.
Focus Days Program and Process, Return on Visioning Workshop: C4I
Elements, Mr. P. Carr (SRG)
Defines a technology roadmap
(TRM). Outlines its principles.
Describes its three phases.
Provides an overview of the
TRM process.
Describes the objectives of the
C4I/Sensors workshop.
Outlines progress made in past
Soldier Systems TRM
workshops. Outlines the
logistics of the workshop,
including the working session
process.
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Part I. Soldier Systems C4I (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence)
1. Soldier Systems C4I Deficiencies, Vision, Themes/Needs and Goals
This chapter provides abstracts of the presentations that focused on C4I deficiencies,
vision, needs and goals, and describes C4I Breakaway Session 1. The Vision.
C4I Session 1 Presentation Abstracts
1.1 Overview of Current Soldier Systems Equipment and C4I
Deficiencies, Capt. A. Dionne (DND)
Points out that critical
deficiencies exist in the area of
C4I, and that deficiencies in this
and other areas must be
addressed holistically.
Describes the communications
equipment available to the
soldier of today. Outlines
deficiencies/gaps in the areas
of command, sense, and action.
Describes the scenario of a
platoon of soldiers entering,
passing through, and exiting a
village, and the C4I issues they
face along the way (see "Demonstration of the Need for C4I in the Field," on the next
page). Concludes with a description of the Future "GAP" in the 2015-2020 timeframe.
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Demonstration of the Need for C4I in the Field
Included in Captain Dionne's
presentation was a
demonstration of the scenario. It
followed the progress of a team
of soldiers entering, passing
through, and exiting a village.
The team, led by Captain
Dionne, whose call signal was
"One One," was divided into
three sections with call signals
"One One Alpha, One One
Beta, and One One Charlie". A
commander for each section
was chosen from the workshop
participants.
The platoon commander
described how the platoon would
progress through the village—
entering from the southwest,
passing through the main
square, and exiting to the south
east. The sections were
separated by about 5-10 meters
distance between soldiers.
Captain Dionne described how
the soldiers in the sections,
separated as they are by
distance and buildings, have
limited situational awareness.
Their information is limited by the
briefing at the start of the day,
the map provided to them, and what they can see based on their order in the sections.
Captain Dionne described the situation of the point man at the head of section 1—in a
busy village, with people nearby, children trying to get candy from him, mopeds passing
him, and other activity taking place around him.
Figure 3. Three sections of dismounted soldiers proceed through a village
Figure 4. The sections are separated geographically, and the soldiers can't all see each other
Page 18 of 169
A confrontation
At this point, a volunteer dressed in battle gear took the role of the point soldier, who
knows the rules of engagement and has to determine what is a threat and what is not as
he leads the section through the
village.
When a villager approaches
carrying what appears to be a
weapon, the soldier sends the
radio message that he has made
contact, and shouts at the villager
to show his hands.
Section 3 only gets a portion of
Section 1's message, because of
obstacles to transmission
involving direct line of sight—they
hear "One One Alpha" and know
only that something is happening.
Section 2 stops, but doesn't see
what is happening.
Section 1 is taking position to help the point man do his job. The point man is trying to
engage the villager, asking him to show he is not a threat. The soldier knows he could
be dealing with a member of the civilian police force, a local employee of a security
organization, or a possible threat. He continues to try to get the person to respond.
When he gets no response to several attempts, he shows a more aggressive posture
and tells the villager to put his rifle on the ground. The villager then pulls out a handgun
to try to shoot the soldier, and the soldier is forced to take action to neutralize the target.
Throughout the encounter, Section 2 had no visual, so it doesn't know what has
happened. They will try to get as close as possible to assess the situation. The section
leader has to see what is happening and what might happen in order to build a plan and
communicate it to the soldiers in his section, to Sections 1 and 3, and to headquarters.
At headquarters, someone is trying to determine exactly where the soldiers are, and
what is happening. The platoon commander knows he has one section engaged, and
has to reach the third section and pass along that information.
Figure 5.The point man in section 1 encounters what appears to be a villager with a weapon
Page 19 of 169
What is happening?
All of the soldiers are asking "What is happening?"
To answer that question, they need information. Where is everyone? What are they
doing? Where are they going?
The section leaders, who can feel very alone and can be faced with long lead times to
get assets, have to anticipate what the platoon commander will be asking, and what the
plan will be to respond to the situation.
The need for C4I
Captain Dionne summed up the demonstration by emphasizing the need for better C4I
capabilities to operate more effectively in the demonstration situation and similar
encounters. It set the scene for the questions that workshop participants would be asked
to address over the next three days:
What needs does the soldier have that this demonstration points out?
What is the C4I vision for the soldier?
What functionalities must the soldier have?
What technologies can provide those functionalities?
What research and development must be done to develop the needed
technologies?
Who has the capabilities to do the work?
Who can work together to realize the vision?
How long will it take?
More to come ...
Captain Dionne concluded by pointing out the triangle at the bottom of the first
demonstration slide (Figure 3. Three sections of dismounted soldiers proceed through a
village), and promising that it would be explained in a further demonstration, later in the
workshop (See "Demonstration of the Need for Sensors in the Field, in Part II. Soldier
Sensor Systems).
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1.2 Future Soldier C4I Capabilities Requirements, Mr.P. Comtois (DND)
Provides a vision statement for
C4I. Describes constraints and
limitations associated with C4I.
Outlines C4I functional and
performance requirements in a
range of theme areas that were
described to workshop
participants in a handout.
Concludes that the C4I vision
and requirements are
continuously evolving, and that
solutions must involve many
disciplines and require
involvement by many
participants.
______________________________________________________________________
Luncheon Speaker: Marine Expeditionary Rifle Squad (MERS): Trends and
Initiatives for Infantry C4I Systems, Mrs. S. Torfin (USMC)
Describes the Marine
Expeditionary Rifle Squad
(MERS) mission, and
methodology. Provides a
description of marine infantry
battalions, and a snapshot of
their deployment process.
Outlines current operations.
Explains the types of radios
deployed by MERS for various
missions. Provides feedback on
the quality of C4I from marine
infantry battalions. Outlines
future plans for C4I and soldier
systems.
______________________________________________________________________
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C4I Breakaway Session 1. C4I Needs—the Vision
The objectives of the first working session were to:
Discuss the overall vision of how DND/CF intends to meet the dismounted
soldier's C4I needs
Set a focal point for some of the C4I "theme" areas
Inputs to C4I Working Session 1
Working session inputs included the preceding presentations, and the participants pre-
existing knowledge based on their areas of expertise.
Before working session 1, participants were asked to sit with people from other
organizations, with a maximum of 3 non-industry participants at each table (coloured
cards indicated non-industry participants and helped ensure the required groupings at
each table). Participants were also asked to choose a leader and a recorder for the
discussion that was to follow.
In addition to the presentations that preceded the working session, the workshop
participants were given the following inputs:
A description of C4ISR Vision and Future Capability Requirements
A copy of participant input from the C4I/Sensors Visioning Breakout Session at
the Soldier Systems TRM Visioning Workshop held in June 2009
A vision statement
Instructions to follow during the discussion
Each of these is included on the following pages of this report.
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Participant Input from the Visioning Workshop Held in June, 2009
Page 23 of 169
Participant Input from the Visioning Workshop Held in June, 2009 (continued)
Page 24 of 169
A Vision Statement
The following vision statement was provided to workshop participants prior to working
session 1:
In the next 10 to 20 years, the soldier should be capable of obtaining a complete
relevant picture of an operation based on the current situation with 99% confidence
in the information accuracy in near real time within a transparent solution from a
weight, volume and cognitive load perspective.
Working Session 1 Instructions
The workshop participants were give the following instructions:
After introductions, please spend about 20 minutes on each exercise:
1. Answer the question: Is the C4I vision sufficient? (i.e., is there an important
dimension that hasn't been mentioned? Is it ambitious enough?)
2. Have your table pick two of the C4I "themes" that were discussed. Develop a
"vision" for one theme, and then again for the other (e.g., With respect to C4I, in
3 years, the dismounted soldier would be able to...; in 5 years, the dismounted
soldier would be able to ...; in 10 years...). Be as precise and quantified as
possible.
For report-back purposes, summarize your table's discussion on the flipchart
provided. Also summarize the discussion on the laminated sheet provided at each
table.
Results of C4I Working Session 1
Following the table discussions, a facilitated report-back was held, during which selected
tables presented their results and participants were invited to comment and ask
questions. The laminated sheets that participants at each table filled out to summarize
their discussions were collected. A summary of their contents follows. The detailed
content for each table, see Appendix D. Working Session 1 Participant Input.
Page 25 of 169
Is the C4I Vision Sufficient?
Vision statement lacks any mention of survivability or stealth.
Confiance de 99.9% semble idéaliste. Bon objectif, mais il faudrait place a une marge manœuvre plus grande
Better definition of use of robotics in terms of their use and outcomes
Vision timeframes are too long (3 years instead of 5)
The statement is too generic and requires elements of situation / context / interconnectivity
Vision statement needs clarity on the word ―transparent‖
Vision is overambitious in how it is measured. To achieve 99% confidence amounts to increased inputs, costs and redundancies.
Systems evolution requires standard interfaces between components to allow individual small upgrades
Vision statement is sufficient
Missing a networked concept to extend beyond the soldier.
More detail is needed in what is relevant for the soldier, to answer if this vision is ambitious enough
Vision scope is too large for timeline (incremental growth is 5-10 years while disruptive growth is 15+ years)
How do we define 99% Confidence?
How to ensure that industry will co-operate (open source, propriety, etc…)?
15 years is too far out due to the rapid change of technology – the next 5-10 years is more realistic
Vision statement lacked the fundamentals of a push/pull concept that would support technology/concept evolution (i.e. ‗Obtain‘ vs. ‗Collaborate‘ on complete relevant picture)
Page 26 of 169
Vision Statements
Increased capability that cannot compromise user‘s position, increase risk of attack, or reduce lethality.
A heavy enterprise solution which is mission specific and takes into consideration ITSEC.
Surcharge de poids : régaler ce problème en intégrant plusieurs fonctions dans un même équipement. Équipe multidisciplinaire doit travailler sur un même produit
Correction a l’énonce: ―obtenir un portrait pertinent au rôle de chacun‘
Information management hierarchy diffusion :
o SA definition
o BFT definition
o Colleagues for information requires definition
Application capability:
o To deliver CM information capability with accuracy and reliability
o Vision is too broad and required the highest confidence for decision takers instead of 99%
o Obtain and use complete relevant picture and a need to integrate human factors
Human Interfaces :
o The soldier should be able to interchange the suite of technologies
Communications:
o Introduction of commercial technologies to the dismounted tactical domain (i.e. customization, carbon nanotechnology)
Vision Statement:
To achieve this vision depends on the time horizon envisioned. Issues to be considered include
o 99% confidence is overly ambitions
o Cognitive load
o Ergonomics—sustainability/combat applications
o Prioritization
In 3-5 years we can achieve 1 meter/1 second accuracy with GPS for all
Page 27 of 169
Vision Statements (continued)
For non-GPS, we can achieve the same capability
In the next 5-10 years, the soldier will be capable of accessing high fidelity (i.e. good enough to make a decision), relevant operating data with an appropriate level of confidence in near real-time using compact, light-weight, seamlessly integrated operator-friendly technologies.
Issues to be considered for such an ambitious plan:
o Ability to effectively integrate devices
o Information overload
o Filter for COI
o Ability to provide only relevant information
o Ensure/ Improve Reliability
Advancement must provide immediate access to relevant information used for real-time situations.
Information must be interactive for all users
SA:
o evolution/ characterization/ generations of capability
Security: Increasing confidence in system
o Increased capability that cannot compromise user‘s position, increase risk of attack, or reduce lethality.
o A heavy enterprise solution which is mission specific and takes into consideration ITSEC.
Page 28 of 169
Themes
Timing:
How current is the data, refresh rate
Picture:
Need for better picture definition (i.e. day/night vision, target ID, tracking, etc…)
Data Transfer:
Need to addresses ability to send data and not just receive it
Communication:
Ensure that soldiers are active participants in the transmission of data and not just end recipients of information.
Geolocation:
Provide SA of unmapped areas/regions and share locations with allies in NATO standard language 3 year – GPS in radio/satellites 5 year – GPS Denial 10 year – Partial reliance of air/space signals
Communication:
3 year – Secure voice, data and GPS at a rate of 7Mbps
5 year – Secure voice, data, GPS and delivered by an ad hoc system at a rate of 20Mbps
Intégration Information et Connaissances :
Manque de temps
Interface usage:
5ans: Maximiser intégration au niveau textile (par exemple: écran flexible sur avant-bras).
5ans : Vision interactive; Partage champ de vision accessibilité des différents points de vue, adaptables en fonction des rôles.
15ans : Optimiser l‘utilisation des 5 ans (Un seul afficher pour les 5 sens)
Interoperability:
Data modelling
Adaptive equipment
Page 29 of 169
Themes (continued)
Geolocation:
Appropriate information is accurate
Communication to appropriate colleagues
Geolocation:
Need BLUE vs. RED forces tracking
Combination of GPS and other FFID technologies to ensure enemy neutralization in GPS denied zones.
Human Interfaces :
3 years: to use in one place; present technology multifazed;
5 years: BAA in one place
Communications:
Adaptable wave forms – definite radio ad hoc network (i.e. each soldier is a relay).
Communications:
3 years : Transparent regrouping
5 years : MILS / CDS
10 years : Multiband conveyance (LOS/BLOS)
Geolocation:
3 years ; 1 meter/1 second locator at a cost effective price
5 years: 3 axis (altitude, longitude, latitude)
10 years: Simultaneous location mapping
Communications:
3 years: Reliable encrypted data and voice communications to soldier
5 years: Combined PRMS integration 10 years: Wireless PAN
Geo-location:
A multi-technology solution (i.e. GPS, DR, Inertial Azimuth, Triangulation, TOA, DMC, MEMS)
Page 30 of 169
Themes (continued)
Information Integration and Situational Awareness:
Soldiers networked together to combine information for location
Architectural standards for Industry
Integration of cutting edge technologies within 5 years
Ensure pace is kept by Defence Industry with commercial progress / technologies
Information Management:
Who controls information, controls access, how to prevent information overload?
Geolocation:
10-15years 1meter/1second, GPS independent
Integration/Interoperability:
5 years: Device to convert data from any device into any format required by user (to be done at national level, not JIMP)
10-15 years – device to be made available at JIMP.
Geolocation:
Immediate GPS knowledge
Solution biometrics
Alternative solutions should satellite signals be lost
Human Interface Evolution:
PDA with GPS evolving to Goggles/sun glasses head-up display (similar to DARPA Ultras-Vis)
Holographic 3D display to know where you and your colleagues are within the terrain
Displays and Interfaces integrated into textiles
Auditory augmentation with protected hearing
SA:
5 years : Push location; receive SA
10 years : Receive filtered target; push : push into production
15 years : Receive : target fusion; producers as well as agents; enhanced soldier logistics for ammo types/levels and health
Security:
avoid security compromise – compromised SA will result in rejection of the system
Page 31 of 169
2. C4I Objectives, Driving Elements, Barriers, and Technical Challenges
This chapter provides abstracts of the presentations preceding the second working
session, and describes Working Session 2: The Challenges.
C4I Session 2 Presentation Abstracts
2.1 Overview of Army IM Strategy and C4IST Concept,
Mr. S. Hoag (DLCI-3)
Outlines the scope and
strategic environment evolution
of land forces C4ISR.
Describes key gaps.
Summaries strategy to 2028,
including four main thrust
areas—Governance and
compliance, Institutionalization
and sustainability, Capability
development and integration,
and Interoperability—and how
each will be addressed.
2.2 Soldier C4I Systems
Development Trends & Technical Challenges: an Industry
Perspective, Mr. L. O'Neill
(Industry Co-Chair)
Provides an industry
perspective on Soldier Systems
C4I. Describes what industry is
hearing, technical challenges
for information exchange—
including the soldier as a
sensor, easy connectivity,
support for standard interfaces,
and more. Describes what
industry needs to know.
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C4I Breakaway Session 2: The Challenges & Functionalities
The objectives of the second working session were to discuss:
The functionalities required to "move forward" within a theme area
The technological barriers/challenges to moving forward in that theme area
Inputs to C4I Working Session 2
Prior to the second working session, the workshop tables were organized by these six
themes:
1. Communication
2. Human interfaces
3. Geo-location
4. Integration
5. Interoperability
6. Security
Participants were asked to choose a table that corresponded to their domain of expertise
or interest.
Working Session 2 Instructions
The following instructions were provided to guide the discussion:
1. For your theme, set out some of the main "vision" characteristics.
2. To achieve that vision, what functionalities need to be provided to the soldier?
What would be a quantifiable objective for that functionality?
3. Identify the main technological obstacles/barriers/challenges that need to be
overcome, so that the functionality can be provided to the soldier.
A laminated working sheet was provided for each table to record the results of their
discussion.
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Results of C4I Working Session 2
Following discussions at the tables, a facilitated report-back was held, during which
selected tables presented their results. Participants were invited to comment and ask
questions.
The laminated sheets that participants completed (see example) were collected from
each table.
Figure 6. Example of completed worksheet for C4I Session 2
Based on the discussions that took place during the breakaway sessions, and the
collected input, fifteen main technical challenges were identified, grouped into the six
theme areas. The content was retained to be used in the next working session, during
which participants would propose potential solutions to address the challenges.
Figure 7 lists the challenges associated with each theme area. The detailed participant
input used to generate this summary is provided in Appendix E, C4I Working Session 2
Participant Worksheets.
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Figure 7. C4I Challenges Determined from Breakaway Session 2 Participant Responses
For detailed content of the working sheets, see Appendix E., C4I Working Session 2 Participant Worksheets
Challenge Theme
1. Lack of UI configurability/usability C4I Human Interfaces
2. Overcoming infection/comfort-related to C4I equipment
C4I Human Interfaces
3. Denied signal environment Communication
4. Inability to scan and use a range of frequencies
Communication
5. Spectrum availability Communication
6. Effective language recognition (including language/cultural AI)
C4I Human Interfaces
7. Lack of standards/agreed guidelines Interoperability/Integration
8. Power/energy limitations
9. Poor signature management Communication
10. Detecting and overcoming jamming/spoofing
Security
11. Inability to configure C4I devices to context (functional)
C4I Human Interfaces/Integration
12. Inability to configure C4I devices to context (cross-domain, interoperability, security)
Interoperability/Security
13. Over-reliance on technology solutions (no longer training the fundamentals)
C4I Human Interfaces
14. Poor bandwidth/capacity management Communication
15. Lack of High Performance User Interface Characteristics C4I Human Interfaces/
Page 35 of 169
______________________________________________________________________
Other Presentations
Collaboration Tool (ICee) Presentation, Mrs. M. Huard (IC/DND)
Provides an overview of the
Innovation Collaboration and
Exchange Environment (ICee),
a database and wiki that
supports the Soldier Systems
Technology Roadmap and can
be accessed at the roadmap's
web site. Explains the
objectives and concepts of the
ICee. Defines the wiki and
explains its importance for the
Soldier Systems TRM. Outlines
advantages for participants.
Describes steps that
participants can take to start using the ICee.
Overview of IRB Program, Ms. Nathalie Couture, Senior Manager, Industrial
and Regional Benefits
Policy (IC)
An update on offset policy in
Canada. Describes
enhancements to Canada's
Industrial and Regional Benefits
(IRB) Policy. Explains that the
program is client-driven and
market-driven. Outlines the
rationale for policy review.
Describes alignment of the key
drivers. Provides background
on the updating of Canada's
Offset Policy, the direction of
the policy, policy enhancements, and IRB opportunities under the Soldier Systems TRM.
______________________________________________________________________
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3. Potential Solutions/Options and Related Technologies
This chapter provides abstracts of the presentations that preceded the third breakaway
session, and describes Breakaway Session 3: Potential Solutions and C4I Technologies.
C4I Session 3 Presentation Abstracts
3.1 NATO LCG1 Soldier
C4I Architecture &
Symbology, Mr. C.
Lemelin (DND)
Summarizes NATO's approach
to Soldier Systems. Explains
the key is interoperability.
Describes interoperability
challenge, and the NATO
outlook to 2035. Outlines
lessons learned. Lists reasons
to migrate to XML as a
standard. Outlines a solution in
the making, including addressing systems architecture and security.
3.2 Soldier Communication & Software Radio Technologies: State-of-
the-Art Overview, Mr. J. Schelsak (CRC)
An overview of soldier radio
communications, including
description of tactical mobile ad-
hoc network, target
characteristics, and current
soldier radio communications.
Describes challenges
associated with design, key
technologies, radio spectrum.
Discusses adaptive radio and
adaptive channel aggregation,
MIMO systems and measured
channel MIMI capacity.
Page 37 of 169
Provides overview of networking techniques to support advanced radio. Discusses
software defined radio (SDR) and interoperability and implementation challenges.
3.3 Applications of Novel Biometrics Technologies to Soldier C4I
Systems, Dr. Q. Xiao (DRDC)
Describes biometric basics.
Outlines CF/DND biometric
activities. Describes common
access card (CAC) and its five
core areas. Describes
automated biometric
identification system (ABIS),
biometrics automated toolset
(BAT), and handheld
interagency identity detection
equipment (HIIDE). Outlines
US Navy biometric system and
describes future USN biometric
device. Describes smart gun.
Outlines possible biometrics to be embedded within the future soldier system.
3.4 Soldier Navigation Technologies in Complex Environment: State-of-
the-Art Overview, Mr. J. Bird (DRDC)
Describes soldier navigation in
complex environments, and
why it is so difficult. Provides
information about global
navigation satellite systems
(GNSS), the new military M-
Code GPS signal, and GNSS
limitations. Discusses
integration with other sensors.
Provides overview of NATO
RTO study. Describes a
number of systems and
devices associated with soldier
navigation.
Page 38 of 169
3.5 Human Factors Lessons Learned about C4I Interfaces for Soldiers,
Maj. L. Bossi (DND), Ed Nakaza, Sr Consultant, HumanSystems
Incorporated
Describes human factors
lessons learned and C4I
requirements with regard to
human factors. Discusses
digital maps, messaging, and
reporting, visual display
hardware alternatives, and
tactical cuing at night.
Describes possible input
devices and weapon-mounted
controls. Introduces potential
future soldier C4I control
devices. Describes future
soldier C4I interface research
needs.
Page 39 of 169
______________________________________________________________________
Luncheon speaker: NSERC: Overview of NSERC Research Partnerships
Programs, Mrs. M. Michalska
An overview of the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) and
its partnership programs. Outlines its budget, strategy for partnership and innovation.
Describes a four-point plan for industry-university collaborations, seven strategic target
areas. Outlines a range of grants available through NSERC, including interaction grants,
engage grants, and collaborative R&D grants. Discusses eligibility requirements.
Describes NSERC-related research chairs in Canadian universities. Explains "idea to
innovation (I2I)" concept.
______________________________________________________________________
Page 40 of 169
C4I Breakaway Session 3: C4I Technologies/Solutions
The objectives of the third working session were to discuss:
The specific technologies to work on to solve the C4I technical challenges
The time horizons for developing those technologies
Inputs to C4I Working Session 3
Before working session 3, the technical obstacles and challenges that each table of
participants described on laminated forms during working session 2 were analyzed and
used to define the challenges (see figure x) with the themes under which they apply.
Instructions to Participants
One of the walls of the conference room was divided into a grid, with the fourteen
challenges along the top, and time periods (5 years, 10 years, more than 10 years)
along the side.
Participants were provided
with pre-printed sticky notes
to fill in, like the example
shown here, and asked to
stick them on the wall under
the challenge they
addressed.
They were also given red and
green coloured sticky dots,
and these instructions:
Use the sticky notes
and go up to the wall
and populate the
columns with
―solutions‖ for that column, contributing technologies and their time horizons
Page 41 of 169
You have 3 sticky notes:
o Fill them in at your table
o Using the coloured dots supplied, colour-code them to indicate your 1st,
2nd and 3rd, indicating relative ―potential for progress":
Green = highest potential
Red = second highest potential
articipants were also asked to summarize the results of the sticky
notes for their table, using a laminated form provided:
The questions they were asked to address using the stickies were:
1. What technologies need to be worked on to overcome the challenges?
2. What would be the relative ranking of these technologies in terms of potential for
progress?
3. What would be the time horizon for developing each technology?
Figure 8. Example of a completed sticky from sensor working session 1
Page 42 of 169
Results of C4I Working Session 3
The stickies were collected and used to plot the distribution shown in Figures 7 and 8.
Figure 7 shows distribution by challenge and potential for progress. From left to
right, the columns for each challenge area represent high potential for progress,
medium potential for progress, and potential for progress left blank
Figure 8, shows distribution by challenge and timeframe (by the years 2015 and
2020) and includes a third column where no timeframe was specified
For detailed contents of the stickies used to generate these tables, see Appendix F., C4I
Working Session 3 Participant Stickies.
Page 43 of 169
Figure 9. Distribution of C4I stickies on the wall by challenge and potential for progress
From left to right, the columns for each challenge area represent high potential for progress, medium potential for
progress, and potential for progress left blank.
Page 44 of 169
Figure 10. Distribution of C4I stickies on the wall by challenge and timeframe
From left to right, the columns for each challenge area represent the time frame in which progress can be expected: by
2015, by 2020, and timeframe left blank.
Page 45 of 169
4. Technology Gaps and Collaboration Opportunities
This chapter provides abstracts of the presentations that preceded the fourth breakaway
session, and describes Breakaway Session 4: C4I Priorities and Collaborations.
C4I Session 4 Presentation Abstracts
4.1 Unattended Ground Sensors: State-of-the-Art Overview, Mr. B.
Ricard (DRDC) & Mrs L. Lamont (CRC)
Describes unattended ground sensor (UGS) technology. Explains what UGS is, why it is
used, and its benefits. Provides a state-of-the-art overview of UGS, including sensing
and networking aspects. Describes multi-hop ad hoc networking and clustering. Outlines
development trends, technical challenges, and gaps to fill. Presents a multi-day scenario
for UGS technology and the dismounted soldier.
Page 46 of 169
C4I Breakaway Session 4: Priorities and Collaborators
The objectives of working session 4 were to:
Choose the highest priority technologies to work on
Identify collaborators that should be involved in working on the technologies
Inputs to C4I Working Session 4
The workshop participants were asked to answer two questions:
1. Which technologies does it make sense to work on first? Why?
2. Whom would it make sense to involve in that collaboration for any variety of
reasons?
To provide their answers, participants were instructed to:
1. Highlight three (3) lines on the tables they had completed in working session 3, to
indicate these are the highest-priority technologies to work on
2. List the collaborators they believe should be involved in working on these priority
technologies
Results of C4I Working Session 4
The following table summarizes the participant input from the breakaway session. To
reiterate, this content is the result of
It indicates 40 technology focused projects that should be undertaken in priority to
address the technical challenges identified in session 2. Some of the key players or
collaborators that could contribute to the development of these technologies have also
been indicated.
Page 47 of 169
Figure 11. 40 Key Technologies to Research, and Suggested Key Players
Technologies
Number, if Noted More than Once Key Players
1. Wireless Networking Industry
General Dynamics
Lockheed Martin
Regent Technology
2. Mobile Ad-Hoc network (TLR 3) Industry
Radio Systems Developers
Network System Developers Ericsson
Communications Research Centre
Network / Research Centres of Excellence
3. Satellite with frequency scanning to send out multiple frequencies - user's interface also scans
2 Wireless Industry
Mining Industry
Geomatics Industry
IT Security Industry
UAV Industry
DRDC
4. Frequency agile transceivers Research labs
Universities
Government
5. Software development (TRL 3) 4 DND
Mobile Device Developers
Militarized Display Companies
6. Speech recognition 2 Nuance – speech software manufacturers
Commercial GPS Providers
Military GPS Providers
7. Voice/Language recognition software (TRL 5).
4 Universities
Software developers
Radio developers
8. Adaptive radio frequency 2 Spectrum Regulators
Radio Manufacturers
Spectrum Users
Academia
9. Artificial Intelligence , simulation, machine learning (TLR 5-6)
DND
Militarized Display Developers
Mobile Device Companies
Page 48 of 169
Figure 11. 40 Key Technologies to Research, and Suggested Key Players
Technologies
Number, if Noted More than Once Key Players
10. Flexible rollable OLED display
Samsung
Fujitsu
Panasonic
Large LED Manufacturers
11. Optical communication (ad hoc). (TRL 3).
Thales
Tulmar
Optical communication companies / researchers
12. Optical interface, tactile interface. Academia
End-Users
User Interface / Output / Display Hardware Developers
13. Know what standards already exist and are relevant (TRL N/A)
Universities
Industry
Government
14. Development of AI content of C4I to perform coarse GUI adjustment with operator fine adjustment (TRL 7)
DRDC Valcariter
Universities
Subject matter experts
15. Optimization algorithms with robust cost functions (TLR 6)
Communications Research Centre
Rockwell Collins
Harris Corporation
Telecommunication companies
16. Network monitoring dynamic priority based allocation (TLR 8)
Communications Research Centre
Rockwell Collins
Harris Corporation
Telecommunication companies
17. Tactical micro UAVs, improved MANET solutions matched to SWRs (TRL 6)
Communications Research Centre
Rockwell Collins
Harris Corporation
Telecommunication companies
18. Laser rangefinder, target locators with covert comms (TRL 6).
Thales
Communication researchers
Optics researcher
SAGEM
Page 49 of 169
Figure 11. 40 Key Technologies to Research, and Suggested Key Players
Technologies
Number, if Noted More than Once Key Players
19. Digital fused visible & near IR and possibly thermal technologies
Night Vision Laboratories
DRDC Valcartier
L3
Laval University
20. Li Battery, solar, bio-mech generation and capacitors + to store defined energy level.
4 Research in Motion
Motorola
Rockwell Collins
21. New material development + (organic). Photo voltaic organic material. (TRL 2).
Groupe CTT
Hydro-Quebec
Solar Energy Harvesting Companies
22. Fuel cell, wireless power (electromagnetic radiation).
4 Energy / Power Research Institutions
Power Generation Industry
23. MIMO – Multiple Input Multiple Output
Academia
Government
Industry
Military
24. Fielding the capability within the acquisition timeframe – obsolescence avoidance
Research in Motion
Motorola
Rockwell Collins
25. Alternative Energy Source Solar, Biochemical Processes, Energy Harvesting of motion and residual heat
Protonex
Ballard Power
Texas Instruments
Analog device producers
26. Algorithm Fractal Application Mapping Awareness
DRDC Valcartier
Universities
Subject matter experts
27. Artificial intelligence for detecting user context and info push
DRDC Valcartier
Universities
Subject matter experts
28. Active RF Power Control Commercial wireless manufacturers
Military
Academia
Industry
Page 50 of 169
Figure 11. 40 Key Technologies to Research, and Suggested Key Players
Technologies
Number, if Noted More than Once Key Players
29. Higher degree of soldier hw system integration continuing miniaturization efficiency in components
Academics
Power / Electronic industry
Battery producers
30. Make content and context based security filters which can be accepted and certified by NSA and NATO
DRDC Toronto
C4I companies
31. Power combination: chemical-battery-bio-kinetics-low power computing
Research Institutes
Electro-textile companies
Space Agencies
Companies developing / using mobile energy
Wireless power developers / researchers
32. Micro nuclear energy reactor Research Institutes
Electro-textile companies
Space Agencies
Companies developing / using mobile energy
Wireless power developers / researchers
33. Bidirectional neural interface Electro textile companies
Research Institutes
New material developers / processor companies
34. Sustainable Power Generation Tech
Industry
Textile companies
Universities
Research Organizations
35. Data centric comms. Software Developers
Universities
Research Organizations
Banking Industry
36. Open source approach (std) CLS
Innovation Collaboration Environment
WSC
MIP
Page 51 of 169
Figure 11. 40 Key Technologies to Research, and Suggested Key Players
Technologies
Number, if Noted More than Once Key Players
37. Smart Power Management Battery Companies
Fuel Cell Companies
Power Harvesting Companies
IT Companies
INTEL
Raytheon
ITT Corporation
Harris
Rockwell Collins
General Dynamics
CHI Systems
Draper Labs
Honeywell
38. Visual display WDR Camera Physiological Researchers
Physio - Physical Researchers
Display Manufacturers
39. Meta-data exchange/practice Academia
40. Defining intelligent default: PDA I-Phone type platform with robust development frameworks
Apple
DND
Mobile Device Companies
Militarized Display Companies
Page 52 of 169
5. ICee Contest Winner Presentations
In advance of the C4I/Sensors workshop, four names were drawn from a list of
organizations that contributed content to the ICee database or wiki. Each was then given
the change to present at the workshop. This chapter provides abstracts of those
presentations.
Rapid Intervention Tracking System, 3D RFID TAC
Describes the RFID TAC
Access Control™ system for
advanced real time location
(RILS) technology. Explains
the RFID TAC difference and
the RFID TAC wireless grid.
Summarizes field testing
results and presents
conclusions. Describes RITS
for first responders and for the
military.
innUVative Systems, Mr. Mike Meakin
An overview of Mr. Meakin's
background, which includes
eight years as a combat
systems engineering officer.
Describes elements of the 4CE
Control Station©, its history,
and the problem it addresses.
Explains how the solution
reduces risk to the soldier in a
number of ways, including by
providing organic air capability,
SUAV/MAV as precision
munitions, combined UGV/UAV
combat operations, and more.
Discusses counter IED operations and simplified interfaces.
Page 53 of 169
MicroDAGR, Rockwell Collins
Describes the MicroDAGR
handheld GPS, including
current features and potential
future enhancements. Provides
overview of the front, back, and
sides of the MicroDAGR. Shows
the main menu, as well as
pages for present position,
compass, map, mark waypoint,
planning, and setup.
Newtrax, Low Energy UGS Mesh Networks for Persistent Surveillance in
Remote Areas
Gives an overview of the
Newtrax L1 network. Describes
typical problems with UGS
deployments. Explains how L1
addresses the problems and is a
cost-effective solution. Provides
examples of deployment
scenarios, including a trail
scenario and waterfront
scenario.
Page 54 of 169
Part II. Soldier Sensors Systems
Introduction to Soldier Sensors
Part II describes activities on day 3 of the workshop, which focused on soldier systems
sensors.
Introductory Presentation Abstract
The day started with welcome and opening remarks from Mr. Geoff Nimmo of Industry
Canada, and with the following presentation.
Return on Lethal & Non Lethal Weapons Effects Workshop: C4I Related
Considerations, Mr. D. Compton
An overview of the results of
the Lethal and Non-Lethal
Weapons Effects Workshop
held in March, 2010. Describes
its purpose, number of
participants, and outcomes.
Summarizes key points,
including the vision for lethal
and non-lethal weapons.
Emphasizes the need for a
standard power rail.
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1. Soldier Systems Sensors Deficiencies, Vision, Themes/Needs, Goals, Objectives, Desired Systems Performance, Barriers, Technical Challenges
This chapter provides abstracts of the presentations focused on Sensor deficiencies,
vision, needs and goals, and describes Sensors Breakaway Session 1.
Sensors Session 1 Presentation Abstracts
1.1 Future Soldier Sensors Capability Requirements, Drivers, Challenges
and Gaps, Capt O. Sylvain, DND
An overview of soldier sensor
requirements, vision, and
scope. Provides key definitions,
including detection, recognition,
identification, location, tracking,
and engagement. Describes
current technologies, including
night vision and laser aiming
devices, binoculars, and sights.
Summarizes deficiencies.
Includes a demonstration of the
Need for Sensors (description
follows).
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Demonstration of the Need for Sensors in the Field
Captain Sylvain's presentation
included a demonstration—a
continuation of the mission
described by Captain Dionne
on day 1 of the workshop in his
Demonstration of the Need for
C4I in the field (See Part 1,
Chapter 1, soldier Systems C4I
Deficiencies, Vision,
Themes/Needs and Goals).
A workshop participant
volunteered to play the role of a
soldier for the demonstration.
Capt. Dionne equipped him with
battle gear to demonstrate the
weight of the equipment
typically carried, the options for
the various sensors the soldier could choose to carry or not, and the difficulty of
choosing among the options and of carrying the selected sensors in a way that makes
them usable.
Capt. Sylvain reminded participants of the mission described during the demonstration
on day 1, in which a platoon of three sections of soldiers set out to enter, pass through,
and exit a village. The point soldier for Section 1 was confronted by an unidentified
armed person, and followed a recognized engagement process to confront that person,
including reporting the situation to the other sections and the platoon commander via
radio.
The sensor demonstration revisited that mission from the perspective of observation
post Falcon's Nest, located to the south of the village, indicated in the graphic by a
triangle. Captain Sylvain reminded participants that situational awareness among the
soldiers was limited by line-of-sight and radio communication. For the purposes of the
sensors demonstration, however, CCAN15—a small UAV—is available for support, and
may be available to the observation post.
Figure 12. The sensors demonstration focused on observation post "Falcon's Nest," represented by the triangle in the graphic.
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Situational stages
Capt. Sylvain described the typical stages involved in handling a situation (although, as
he pointed out, not all of the stages are involved in all situations):
Detection. The realization that an object is present (e.g., something is raising
dust).
Recognition. The type of object is discerned (e.g., the dust is raised by
someone walking along a path)
Identification. Specific objects can be discerned (e.g., the person walking along
the path is carrying a shovel, not a weapon). Positive identification goes further
(e.g., the person is using the shovel to remove weeds from a garden.) Often,
confirmation is needed from multiple sensors to reach this point.
Location. Where is the object? Can involve using a laser location, a GPS grid, or
a description (e.g., at the corner of building 18).
Tracking. Knowing the location over time—especially difficult if the object is
attempting to avoid detection.
Engagement. When appropriate, sighting a weapon and firing.
These steps are followed by an assessment phase, after which the process is repeated.
What to carry, and where to carry it
Capt. Sylvain pointed out that soldiers already have many sensors available to them,
including the "Mark 1 Eyeball," which is the best sensor available and shouldn't be
blocked by other sensors.
He went on to discuss sensor needs, and available sensor devices, including night vision
goggles, laser aiming devices, kite sight and maxi kite magnification devices, binoculars,
C79 and holographic sights, hand-held thermal imagers, and thermal weapon sights. He
also outlined requirements for target handover from one soldier and device to another,
and for sensors that can identify friendly forces quickly.
During the discussion, Capt Sylvain used the volunteer to point out the difficulty of
choosing among the sensors to carry on a mission, and the logistical problems of using
more than one sensor at a time. For example, when the soldier needed binoculars, these
were out of reach, attached to equipment on his back. Asked whether he would like the
binoculars integrated into the sight on his helmet, the answer was a resounding "yes."
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What the demonstration showed
The demonstration illustrated the sensor needs of the soldier in the field, the existing
technologies available, the limitations of those technologies, and the need to integrate
technologies and devices and provide new technologies and devices to meet soldiers'
needs. Currently, the soldier cannot carry all of the sensors available, and choosing the
right devices is impossible because upcoming needs cannot be predicted.
As Capt. Sylvain explained, what is needed is:
Integration—"fewer boxes; multi-spectral sights; everything in one box"
Integration of sensors with weapons—"the weapon sights and binoculars need to
be integrated"
Devices for recognition, identification, location, tracking, and beyond, all need to
be integrated
Devices that can see through walls, around walls, and more—all without adding
to the weight the soldier carries
Integration of sensor information—"We already have more information than we
can process. How do we process it? How can we pre-screen the information to
use the right information at the right time?"
In short, the demonstration brought to life the sensor challenges and needs of the
dismounted soldier in the field, and challenged the workshop participants to address
them in the upcoming working sessions.
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1.2 Overview of Soldier Sensor Systems Development Trends &
Challenges: an Industry Perspective, Mr. Rick Bowes
(Industry Co-chair)
Provides an industry
perspective of Soldier Sensor
Systems. Outlines soldier
requirements. Describes key
trends, focusing on the trend
toward delegating decision
making to lower levels of the
command echelon. Describes
key challenges, including
continuous force
transformation; adaptable
mission solutions; integrating
mounted and dismounted
operations; and reduced size,
weight and power (SWaP).
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Sensors Breakaway Session 1. The Vision & Challenges
The objective of the first sensors working session was to discuss:
The vision of how DND/CF intends to meet the dismounted soldier‘s Sensor
Systems needs
The functionalities required to ―move forward‖ within a Sensor Systems theme
area
The technological barriers/challenges to moving forward
This working session for repeated, for sensors, the process carried out for C4I during
working sessions 1 and 2 on day 1 of the workshop. Because participants were already
familiar with the process, having gone through it on day 1, the two C4I sessions from day
1 were condensed into one session for Sensors.
Inputs to Sensors Working Session 1
Participants were asked to choose a Sensors theme from this list:
1. Personal sensors
2. Crew sensors
3. Area sensors
4. Weapons sensors
5. Sensors Integration.
They were given the following instructions, and asked to spend about 20 minutes on
each question.
1. For your Sensor Systems ―theme,‖ develop a ―vision‖ (e.g., With respect to
Sensor Systems, in 3 years, the dismounted soldier would be able to …: in 5
years the dismounted soldier would be able to …; in 10 years …). Be as precise
and quantified as possible.
2. To achieve that vision, what functionalities need to be provided to the soldier?
What would be a quantifiable objective for that functionality?
3. Identify the main technological obstacles/barriers/challenges that need to be
overcome so that the functionality can be provided to the soldier?
Each group was asked to organize its discussion on a flipchart for report-back, and to
record the discussion on a laminated form provided to each table.
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Results of Sensors Working Session 1
Following the table discussions, a facilitated report-back was held during which selected
tables presented their results and participants were invited to commend and ask
questions.
The completed forms were collected. A summary of their contents follows in provided in
the five tables on the following pages. This information was used to identify fifteen main
technical challenges that would be addressed in the second working session.
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Theme 1: Personal Sensors (3 tables reporting)
Theme vision elements
Brain-sensor interface prototypes (5 years) and fielded systems (10 years)
Reach an extended vision/audio (within the next 5 years)
Body worn sensors. Have all body worn sensors integrated and able to communicate to a soldier worn common display within 3 years. Within the 5 years range, those sensors would communicate to ‗network‘. Within 10 years, there would be an expansion of ―body worn se fused sensor suite‖.
Key Functionalities
Brain Sensor Interface functionality (―Thought controls‖)
Get a visual within 500m
Use a wide-angle vision/optics
Directional hearing
Common interface standards and protocols for body worn sensors
Enhanced navigation sensors
Expanded multispectral sensors
Bio-Metric sensors (health, environment, stress)
Environmental sensors
Technical Challenges/Drivers
Interpret brain signals
Improve brain interfaces (more precisely electro enchephalo gram).
Adaptable trainable interface
Train soldiers, while considering human factors of brain control.
Variable frequency ?
Resolution sensors ?
Merging of information from many cameras
High resolution display
New sensor detection,
Image processing capability
Multi-band
Algorithm
Processing
Power
Fault Tolerant Architectures (Micro Electro Technical Systems
Submicron integrated circuit technologies
New photonic materials extending E-O sensor performance
Fault tolerant data architectures suitable for wearable applications
Artificial intelligence useful for information fusion
Nano-material science
Other Barriers
N/A
Other comments
N/A
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Theme 2: Crew Sensors (1 table reporting)
Theme vision elements
Not provided
Key Functionalities
Long range ID of people in all lighting and weather line of sight, which is about 2 km
Non-line of sight ID – 500m (around the corners, in buildings, in coves)
Have an accurate location of targets –blue force – with one meter accuracy
Have an ability to share, record, and transmit pictures, video, target location within a section and outside of section
Have small, lightweight, and low power consumption capabilities
Data have to be filtered / proceed in a way to avoid information overload
Technical Challenges/Drivers
Fuse multiple sensors (digital fusion) in order to be able to identify the threats at night
No sensors that can see through walls yet
Bandwidth
GPS denied environments
Information overload
Many electronic devices required for long-range surveillance purposes
Other Barriers
N/A
Other comments
N/A
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Theme 3: Area Sensors (2 tables reporting)
Theme vision elements
Deliver an accurate and timely sensor product to the soldiers and that it fits is current area of interest
Within three years soldiers could access current existing ISR assets.
In five years those sensors could be fitted to organic interests
Within ten years, nothing less than available fused data.
The soldier deployed autonomous system (arial + crowd – RSTA system) must be situation adaptable.
Key Functionalities
―Wide Area Visual Allowing Zoom by Individual Soldier‖
Soldier Cueing‖ - wide area sensors (i.e. acoustic) and by moving target indication.
―Declutter‖
Allowing for observation and surveillance through multi-sensor
Endurance capability (72 hour mission)
―Threat Detection, Threat Elimination‖: data information (from detecting, recognizing, pursuing, to destroying)
Sensors reusability
Networked communication with other soldiers and soldier knowledge generation
Technical Challenges/Drivers
Camera resolution insufficient (Mav – Bandwidth)
Need for multi MAV solution
Building which lead to ground based processing
Processing power
Need for additional power
Weight
Heat
Integration to integrated to
existing displays
Artificial intelligence (to keep the soldier in the loop) and the operator interface (easy on the go identification of objects of interest)
Weight
The intermittent communications vs. no communications reality
Power storage
Choices of storage medium (conversion devices, fuel cells, ICE…)
Data communications protocols
Data display to soldier
Intelligent data fusion and filtering
Other Barriers
N/A
Other comments
The importance to have sensors that are passive.
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Theme 4: Weapons Sensors (2 tables reporting)
Theme vision elements
Within five years soldiers will have a single device that work as a rifle sight (day and night) through a range of 0-300m and is integrated over standard power/data rail.
Within three years soldier would be able to transmit the sight picture to its section level (day or night).
In five years, the section level will be networked with effective communication protocols.
Key Functionalities
Be able to detect and recognize identity (0-300m) in all light conditions.
Integrated targeting to enhance accuracy
Integrated geo-location to enable target hard-over
Networked interoperability
Combat I.D. to prevent fratercide
Power/data rail (being developed by NATO)
Image splitter on sight (exists)
Data management system (under development)
Transmission module
Technical Challenges/Drivers
Multi-spectral
High resolution
Low power sensor
Wide spectrum optics
Instantaneous zoom to range display
Size
Weight
Power
Night vision
―Boresighting‖ and ―parelax‖ for multi-sensor ballistic solution for different ammo types and moving targets
Bearing, range, elevation to accurately target, and DTED data in order to allow the soldier to locate accurately
Integrated DMC in sight
Other Barriers
N/A
Other comments
This table also wrote a general ―challenge‖ statement in which they express that there is a need to achieve industry teaming agreements. This would involve time and finances, and the standardization of protocols.
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Theme 5: Sensors Integration (1 table reporting)
Theme vision elements
Have all existing functionalities integrated in one box (in 5 years), i.e. basic integration of local assets (self and platoon support systems).
A systems approach oriented to provide simplified SA from COI (i.e. plug and play).
Within 3 to 5 years, it is about sensors integration through ―Manual Crosstell‖.
In 5 to 10 years, the integration will be automated.
In 15 years, there will be the true sensor integration (seamless, noven, common picture).
Key Functionalities
Local processing: forces stakeholders to think of a higher capacity FPGA, because soldier systems must be self-sufficient and connected
A way to ensure the best connection
Common data format
Fuse of different types of data (model situation)
Model of situation (difficulties are found at HI, processing, etc.)
Physical interface standards
Data interface standards
Sharing of the information (COI, Communities of interest)
Situational awareness to overlay simplified delivery
Technical Challenges/Drivers
Data / information exchange across unit and soldier centric (developing technology)
Information overload
Language (common engineering),
Security
Communications
Overload issues (human factors filtering)
Delivery of information in time
Other Barriers
Set standards (determine who sets the availability)
Other comments
N/A
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2. Potential Solutions/Options and Related Technologies
This chapter provides abstracts of the presentations preceding the second sensors
breakaway session, and describes Breakaway Session 2: Potential Solutions and
Sensor Technologies.
Sensors Session 2 Presentation Abstracts
2.1 See Through Wall
Sensing Technologies:
State-of-the-art Overview,
Mr. Pascale Sévigny
(DRDC)
Describes requirements for through-
wall sensing. Reviews technical
issues associated with seeing
through walls. Describes current
through-wall radar productions,
motion detection and localization
devices, imaging with stationary
radar concept, and Synthetic
Aperture Radar (SZR) imaging. Provides information about the DRDC experimental test
bed for SAR technology. Describes challenges.
2.2 Emerging Sensing
Technology Overview, Mr.
J. Maheux (DRDC)
Describes potential soldier sensor
systems, including acoustic small
arms fire localization, hearing
enhancement and protection,
translation devices, and day and night
vision sensors. Outlines current and
future technologies and current trends
in sensors.
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______________________________________________________________________
Luncheon speaker: Overview of Precarn Programs on Intelligent and
Communication Systems, Dr. H. Rothschild
Provides a brief history of
Precarn, Inc., which supports
pre-commercial development
and industry use of leading-
edge technologies. Describes
Precarn programs, including
the National Program, Small
Company Program, Industrial
T-Gap (Technology Gap
Assistance Program), Alliance
Program, and Application
Sector Funds. Provides
innovation summary and the
role of Precarn.
______________________________________________________________________
2.3 Physiological Status Monitoring Technologies: State-of-the-art
Overview, Dr. S.
Stergiopoulos
(DRDC)
An overview of assessment of
operational readiness in
combat casualty care, including
a description of the current vital
signs approach. Describes
challenges. Outlines different
treatment phases, including
remote triage. Provides
overview of wireless low level
communication technologies
and wireless secure
communication technologies. Discusses biometrics technologies for quantifying
operational performance. Outlines client needs, proposed investigations and
methodologies, and current efforts in biometrics for stressors.
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2.4 Nano/Micro Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Technologies: State-of-the-
Art Overview, Dr. F
Wong (DRDC)
Describes the situation,
mission, and key question
associated with airborne
sensors for the dismounted
soldier. Outlines technology
domains relevant to the
development of a mobile aerial
sensor. Summarizes current
options, including fixed wing,
ducted fan, rotorcraft, and
flapping wing. Explains the
R&D challenges associated
with miniaturization and with
power and autonomous navigation. Outlines R&D domains for a mobile aerial sensor.
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Sensors Breakaway Working Session 2: The Technologies
The objectives of the second working session were to discuss:
The specific technologies to work on that will solve the sensor challenges
The time horizons associated with developing those technologies
Inputs to Sensors Working Session 2
Before working session 2, the technical obstacles and challenges that participants
described on laminated forms during working session 1 were used to define the sensor
challenges (Figure 10).
Instructions to participants
The workshop participants were given pre-printed stickies like those provided during
working session 3 on day 1 of the workshop (recall that C4I sessions 1 and 2 were
compressed into Sensor session 1).
Participants were given the following instructions for using the stickies and the sheets:
Use the sticky notes individually and go up to the wall and populate the columns
with technologies and their time horizons—you have 3 notes; fill them in at your
table
Also, to help us keep it all straight, would you list all your table‘s solution
(technologies) on the plasticized summary sheet. Please write clearly
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Results of Sensors Working Session 2
The laminated tables completed during the working session (example below) were
collected.
Their contents are summarized in Figures 13 and 14, on the following pages:
Figure 13 shows the sticky distribution by challenge and timeframe for the 15
challenge areas identified in the first working session
Figure 14 shows the sticky distribution by challenge and potential for progress for
the 15 challenge areas idendified in the first working session
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Figure 13. Distribution of Sensor Stickies on the Wall by Challenge and Timeframe
The sticky distribution by challenge and timeframe for the 15 challenge areas identified in the first working session
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Figure 14. Distribution of Sensor Stickies on the Wall by Challenge and Potential for Progress
The sticky distribution by challenge and potential for progress for the 15 challenge areas idendified in the first working
session
Potential
for
progress
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3. Sensor Technology Gaps and Collaborations
This chapter describes the third, and final breakaway session of the Sensors workshop.
Sensors Breakaway Session 3
Inputs to Sensors Working Session 3
For the third working session, the workshop participants were asked to return to the wall
to review all of the stickies that were posted there. They were asked to use coloured
dots to identify which they believe have the most potential for progress:
Green = highest potential
Red = second highest potential
Results of Sensors Working Session 3
The following table shows the distribution of the coloured dots on the stickies, indicating
priorities for further collaborative effort by theme.
Technology identified by the participants as having the most potential.
Solution Description Technologies Timeframe
1. Soldier to Soldier and Soldier to communications center transmit priority handling
Master Slave or bandwidth on demand
2. Experience from video gaming industry to uncluttered the graphical display and to improve learning curve
2015
3. Dynamic model-based representation of environment and situation
Standard data format, interoperability
2015
4. Self sufficient data aware soldier as the main decision link
Priority in information handling
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Part III. Next Steps
Ongoing and Upcoming Roadmap Activities
The C4I/Sensors Workshop was just a part of the Soldier Systems Technology
Roadmapping process. It represents one step on the journey to a superior soldier
system for the Canadian Forces.
Ongoing C4I/Sensors Collaborations
One of the key results of the workshop was the identification of areas for ongoing,
collaborative effort. The C4I/Sensors Technical Subcommittee, with the guidance of the
Soldier Systems TRM Executive Steering Committee, will continue to clarify these
collaborations and, with industry and government participants, to work on moving them
ahead.
Sharing Knowledge with the ICee Database and Wiki
A key to the success of any technical roadmapping initiative is ensuring easy
collaboration among its participants. For the Soldier Systems TRM, the Innovation,
Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee) provide collaboration opportunities.
To reiterate, the Innovation, Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee) is an
online database of information relevant to soldier systems, and a Wiki that enables
online networking, communication, and contribution to the roadmapping process on an
ongoing basis. It is a password-protected single tool that includes sections for
communicating restricted, sensitive information meant for a selected audience.
The ICee is open to all who wish to participate in the Soldier Systems Technology
Roadmap. Participants can contribute to both the database and the Wiki. For more
information about the ICee tool visit http://www.soldiersystems-
systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca
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Upcoming Workshops
Discussion and collaboration in all aspects of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap
is expected to continue throughout this development phase of the roadmap and beyond.
To ensure this, additional Soldier Systems TRM workshops are planned in focus areas
that include:
Survivability/Personal Protective Equipment/Footwear/Clothing/Load Carriage
Human and Systems Integration
Overall Roadmap Integration
Dates for these workshops, and information about them, is available at the Soldier
Systems Technology Roadmap website:
http://soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca/
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A. Workshop Agenda
Monday, March 8
18h30 – 21h00 Networking Dinner (not hosted): Lapalme et Raphaël Bistro Français, 40-1155 rue Metcalfe.
Tuesday, March 9—C4I Focus Day 1
7h30 – 8h00 Registration, Continental breakfast
Soldier Systems TRM Introduction
8h00 – 8h05 Welcome and Opening Remarks, Mr. T. Page (CADSI) and Maj. S. Dufour (DLR-5)
8h05 – 8h15 Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Development and Implementation Phases, Mr. G. Nimmo (IC)
8h15 – 8h40 Soldier Systems Modernization Effort Update and Return on Power/Energy Workshop, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DRDC)
8h40 – 8h55 Overview of DRDC R&D Strategy and Program, Dr. G. Vézina (DRDC)
8h55 – 9h15 Focus Days Program and Process, Return on Visioning Workshop: C4I Elements, and Mindmap Exercise, Mr. P. Carr (SRG)
1. Soldier Systems C4I Deficiencies, Vision, Themes/Needs and Goals
9h15 – 9h45 1.1 Overview of current Soldier Systems Equipment and C4I Deficiencies, Capt. A. Dionne (DND) Demonstration of Current Soldier Equipment
9h45 – 10h15 Coffee Break (ICee Registration & Networking)
10h15 – 11h00 1.2 Future Soldier C4I Capabilities Requirements, M. P. Comtois (DND)
11h00 – 12h00 Breakaway Roundtables Facilitated Discussions (1)
12h00 – 13h30 13h10 – 13h30
Lunch (no host) Guest: Mrs S. Torfin (USMC), MERS Program Overview
13h30 – 14h15 Report Back (Plenary), Mr P. Carr
2. C4I Objectives, Driving Elements, Barriers, and Technical Challenges
14h15 – 14h35 2.1 Overview of Army IM Strategy and C4ISR Concept, Mr. S. Hoag (DLCI-3)
14h35 – 15h00 2.2 Soldier C4I Systems Development Trends & Technical Challenges: an Industry Perspective, Mr. L. O‘Neill (Industry Co-Chair)
15h00 - 15h30 Coffee Available
15h00 – 16h00 Breakaway Roundtables Facilitated Discussions (2)
16h00 – 16h55 Report Back (Plenary) and closure of C4I day 1 program, Mr. P. Carr
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16h55 – 17h10 Collaboration Tool (ICee) Presentation, Mrs. M. Huard (IC/DND)
17h10 – 17h30 Mr. D. Duguay (IC), Overview of IRB Program
17h30 – 18h00 Icee Registration/Individual training sessions
17h30 – 18h30 Cash Bar Reception
Wednesday, March 10 — C4I Focus Day 2
7h45 – 8h00 Registration Continental breakfast
8h00 – 8h05 Welcome and Opening Remarks, Mr. G. Nimmo (IC)
3. Potential Solutions/Options and Related Technologies (exploring solution sets)
8h05 – 8h15 Overview of Day 2 Content and Process, Mr. P. Carr (SRG)
8h15 – 8h35 3.1 NATO LCG1 Soldier C4I Architecture & Symbology, Mr. C. Lemelin (DND)
8h35 – 8h55 3.2 Soldier Communication & Software Radio Technologies: State-of-the-art Overview, Mr. J. Schelsak (CRC)
8h55 – 9h15 3.3 Applications of Novel Biometrics Technologies to Soldier C4I Systems, Dr. Q. Xiao (DRDC)
9h15 – 9h40 3.4 Soldier Navigation Technologies in Complex Environment: State-of-the-art Overview, Mr. J. Bird (DRDC)
9h40 – 10:00 3.5 Human Factors Lessons Learned about C4I Interfaces for Soldiers, Maj. L. Bossi (DND)
10h00 – 10h05 Breakaway Session Instructions, Mr. P. Carr
10h05 – 11h35 Brainstorming session: stickies on the wall (3)
10h00 – 10h30 Coffee Available
11h35 – 12h05 Report Back (Plenary), Mr. P. Carr
4. Technology Gaps & Collaboration Opportunities
13h30 – 13h50 3.6 Unattended Ground Sensors: State-of-the-art Overview, Mr. B. Ricard (DRDC) & Mrs L. Lamont
(CRC)
13h50 – 14h10 Return on Mindmap Exercise, Mr. P. Carr
14h10 – 15h30 Breakaway Roundtables Facilitated Discussions (4) (Instructions Mr. P. Carr)
15h00 – 15h30 Coffee Available
15h30 – 16h10 Report Back (Plenary), Mr. P. Carr
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16h10 – 16h15 Icee Contest Winners Introduction, Mr. G. Nimmo
16h15 – 17h05 Icee Contest Winners Presentations
17h05 – 17h15 Closure of Soldier C4I Focus Days, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DRDC) & Mr. L. O’Neill (Industry Co-
Chair)
17h15 – 18h15 ICee Tool Individual Support Sessions
17h15 – 18h30 Cash Bar Reception
Thursday, March 11 — Soldier Sensors Systems Focus Day
7h30 – 8h00 Registration Continental breakfast
Introduction
8h00 – 8h10 Welcome and Opening Remarks and Sensors Focus Day Program & Process, Mr. G. Nimmo
8h10 - 8h25 Return on Lethal & Non Lethal Weapon Effects Workshop: C4I Related Considerations, Mr. D. Compton
1. Soldier Systems Sensors Deficiencies, Vision, Themes/Needs, Goals, Objectives, Desired systems performance,
Barriers, Technical Challenges
8h25 – 9h05 1.1. Future Soldier Sensors Capability Requirements, Drivers, Challenges and Gaps, Capt. O. Sylvain (DND)
9h05 – 9h30 1.2. Overview of Soldier Sensors Systems Development Trends & Challenges: an Industry Perspective, Mr. R. Bowes, (Industry Co-Chair)
9h30 – 10h40 Breakaway Roundtables Facilitated Discussions (1)
10h00 – 10h30 Coffee available
10h40 – 11h20 Report Back (Plenary), Mr P. Carr
2. Potential Solutions/Options and Related Technologies (exploring solution sets)
11h20 – 11h40 2.1 See-Thru Wall Sensing Technologies: State-of-the-art Overview, Mrs. P. Sévigny (DRDC)
11h40 – 12h00 2.2. Emerging Sensing Technology Overview, Mr. J. Maheux (DRDC)
12h00 – 13h15 12h55 – 13h15
Lunch (no host) Guest: Dr. H. Rothschild : Overview of Precarn Programs on Intelligent and Communication Systems
13h15 - 13h45 2.3. Physiological Status Monitoring Technologies: State-of-the-art Overview, Dr. S. Stergiopoulos (DRDC)
13h45 – 14h05 2.4 Nano/Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technologies: State-of-the-art Overview, Dr. F. Wong (DRDC)
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14h05 – 15h15 Breakaway sticky-on-the-wall session (2)
15h00 – 15h15 Coffee available
15h15 – 15h45 Report Back (Plenary) and instructions for session 3, Mr. P. Carr
3. Technology Gaps & Collaboration Opportunities
15h45 – 16h30 Breakaway Roundtables Facilitated Discussions
16h30 – 17h10 Report Back (Plenary), Mr. P. Carr (SRG)
17h10 – 17h15 Closure of Soldier Sensor Systems Focus Day,
LCol. M.A. Bodner (DRDC) & Mr. R. Bowes (Ind. Co-Chair)
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B. C4I/Sensors Scope Definition
This background information on C4I/Sensors was sent to workshop participants prior to
the workshop.
Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Technical Workshop on Soldier C4I & Sensors Scope Definition - C4I and Sensors for the Dismounted Soldier
This definition is provided to participants of the C4I & Sensors Technical Workshop that
is part of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap. C4I-Sensors can have a range of
definitions, depending on the context and audience. The following definition will be used
to guide the discussion at this SSTRM Workshop. Additional definitions are provided on
page 2.
The Context and Scope
The SSTRM is about the needs of the dismounted soldier. Soldier System is defined as
everything (items or equipment), that the dismounted soldier conducting land operations,
wears, carries and consumes to fulfill his tasks as individuals, as members of fighting
teams (sections and platoon) and as parts of higher-level operational units (companies
and below) in a tactical environment. Future Soldier Systems are designed to enhance
tactical level individual and team performance in the five NATO capabilities areas:
Lethality, Mobility, Survivability, Sustainability, and C4I in the complex, network-enabled,
effects-based digitized battle space.
These future capabilities will enable the Adaptive Dispersed Operations (ADO) force
employment concept. Research has shown that use of the latest technologies in the
areas of command execution, target acquisition and situational awareness significantly
contribute to increased operational effectiveness at the lower tactical levels
C4I-Sensor or ―C4I-Sense‖ at the dismounted soldier and small team level also cover
technologies related to mission planning, navigation, information exchange, intra/inter
section data connectivity, weapons/body-worn sensors, and remote sensors (Small
Unmanned Ground Vehicles (SUGV), Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (MUAV), and
Small Unattended Ground Sensors (SUGS)). Also included are Unit STANO capabilities
(Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Night Observation) at the soldier and small team
levels (Unit).
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For the Workshop, Soldier C4I-Sensors is not:
Strategic, Joint, Army, Navy C4ISR
C4ISR and ISTAR at company level and above
C4I, Sensors, and Other Related Terms
The acronym C4I stands for "command, control, communications, computers, and
intelligence".
Command and control is about decision-making, the exercise of direction by a properly
designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of a
mission. Information, computers and communications technologies support command
and control, and are used to achieve information superiority. C4I systems provide also
tools to improve commanders with situational awareness—information about the location
and status of enemy and friendly forces.
Command and control (C2)—The exercise of authority and direction by a properly
designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the
mission. Command and control functions are performed through an arrangement of
personnel, equipment, communications, facilities, and procedures employed by a
commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in
the accomplishment of the mission.
Command—The authority that a commander in the Armed Forces lawfully exercises
over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment. Command includes the authority and
responsibility for effectively using available resources and for planning the employment
of, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling military forces for the
accomplishment of assigned missions and meet the commander intent.
Computing and communications—Two pervasive enabling technologies that support
C2 and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance. Computers and communications
process and transport information.
Control—Authority which may be less than full command exercised by a commander
over part of the activities of subordinate or other organizations. Physical or psychological
pressures exerted with the intent to assure that an agent or group will respond as
directed.
Intelligence (I)—The product resulting from the collection, processing, integration,
analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of available information concerning foreign
countries or areas. Information and knowledge about an adversary obtained through
observation, investigation, analysis, or understanding.
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The term "C4ISR" is often employed. The additional SR elements to C4I are surveillance
and reconnaissance, which are defined as follow:
Surveillance—The systematic observation of aerospace, surface or subsurface areas,
places, persons, or things, by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means.
Reconnaissance—A mission undertaken to obtain, by visual observation or other
detection methods, information about the activities and resources of an enemy or
potential enemy, or to secure data concerning the meteorological, hydrographic, or
geographic characteristics of a particular area.
Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconnaissance are also often
grouped under the ISTAR acronym:
ISTAR: is the capability linking several battlefield functions together to assist a combat
force in employing its sensors and managing information.
Two additional terms are commonly used in describing C4I capabilities:
Situational awareness—The knowledge of where you are, where other friendly
elements are located, and the status, state, and location of the enemy. Situational
awareness (SA) allows the Land Force to understand and assimilate the battle
dimensions to exploit enemy weaknesses from a position of strength. Shared situational
awareness (or situation understanding) enable collaboration and self-synchronization
and enhance sustainability and speed of command.
Information superiority—The relative advantage of one opponent over another in
commanding and controlling his force. Information superiority or dominance is achieved
by enabling better and faster decision-making using superior technical information.
Sense is the Army operational function which integrates sensor and sensor analysis
capabilities into a concept which allow for comprehensive sensor fusion and all source
analysis within an integrated system providing commanders with timely and relevant
knowledge. The Army Sense operational function includes all the C3ISR capabilities as
Command stand alone in the Army construct, and it includes:
Data Processing / Fusion
Includes automated processing, information management (IM), and modeling /
analysis of all sources.
Decision Support
Systems and knowledge bases (e.g. database) that enhance accurate and timely
human decision-making.
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Information Dissemination
Complete, accurate, timely distribution of information and analysis to all required
levels.
Integrated Information
Includes fusion of information from all sensors and sources enabling real-time
analysis, comprehension and decision making.
Intelligence Collection
Includes the collection of information and data on enemy forces, the environment
and friendly forces using the human intelligence (HUMINT), imagery, open
sources, reconnaissance and surveillance, signals intelligence (SIGINT), and
soldier surveillance, target acquisition and night observation (STANO).
NEOPS or Network Enabled Operations (NEOPS), is the concept involving the
integration of information systems, weapons and other effects-producing platforms such
as to increase the effectiveness of military operations. By linking knowledgeable entities
in a battle space, forces will be more capable of gaining information superiority and
resulting ultimately in greater mission effectiveness.
ADO or Adaptive Dispersed Operations is the ability to conduct coordinated,
interdependent, full spectrum actions by widely dispersed teams throughout the width
and depth of the Battlespace. The concept envisages networked and integrated
maneuver forces alternatively dispersing and aggregating over extended distances to
find, fix, and strike full spectrum threats throughout the Army of Tomorrow battle space.
These operations are dispersed in relation to time, space, and purpose.
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C. List of Workshop Participants
Participants at the Soldier Systems C4I/Sensors Workshop
Name: Last First Organization
Abielmona Rami Larus Technologies Corporation
Agnew Fred T. Valley Associates Group
Aitken Philip Halltech
Alessandro Voli SelexGalileo S.p.A.
Alexander Pete L-3 Ruggedized Command & Control Solutions
Anderson Leon DND
Anthony David IBM
Appleton Andrew CAE
Archibald Mark NAIT
Armstrong Patrick Xacore
Arsenault Gilbert Mannarino Systems & Software Inc.
Audette Celine Industrie Canada
Avishai Gadi KG Canada
Bahlis Jay BNH Expert Software
Bain Robert IBM
Bauml Pat Canadian Special Operations Forces Command
Beaudoin Bob Vanguard Magazine
Beaudry Julien IREQ (institut de recherche d'Hydro-Quebec)
Bédard Stéphane B-Temia Inc
Begriche Aldjia Groupe CTT
Beland Paul DRDC
Belanger Micheline DRDC
Belzile Jean Ecole de Technologie Superieure
Benaddi Dr. Hamid Stedfast Inc
Bensouda Karima LGFI
Bentahar Jamal Concordia University
Bentaouk Amine Purelink Technology, inc
Bertrand Hugo IREQ (institut de recherche d'Hydro-Quebec)
Bird Jeff DND/DRDC
Blais Pierre Harris Corporation, RF Communications Division
Bodner L.Col. Mike DND
Bosco Eric MiITACS Inc.
Page 86 of 169
Participants at the Soldier Systems C4I/Sensors Workshop
Name: Last First Organization
Bossi Maj. L. DND
Bouchard Tommy ETS
Bowes Rick DRS Technologies Canada Ltd
Brooks John Biopeak
Brown Doug General Dynamics Canada
Brunet Claude Canadian Space Agency
Buchanan Major Kevin National Defence
Bujold Alain Mawashi Protective Clothing, Inc
Croteau Dominique Revision Eyewear Inc
Cadapeau Norbert THALES ANGENIEUX
Campbell Matthew Harris Corporation
Carr Phil Strategic Review Group
Carson Clay Raytheon Canada Limited
Cayouette Richard Martello Defence Security Consultants Inc
Cervinka Alexandre Newtrax Technologies Inc
Charlebois Scott
Cherkaoui Soumaya Universite de Sherbrooke
Christopher Scott ITT Electronic Systems
Clairoux Gilles DMR a division of Fujitsu
Colbert Heather CAE
Compton David Colt Canada Corporation
Comtois M. P. DND
Connolly Peter Fidus Systems Inc
Cook Trevor Thales Optronics Ltd
Coomber Richard Revision Eyewear
Copeman Mike R. Nicholls Distributors Inc
Corriveau Robert CIPI-Canadian institute for Photonic Innovations
Couillard Denis Ultra Electronics TCS
Couture Nathalie Industrie Canada
Coxford Tom Senstar Corporation
Croghan William Rockwell Collins
Crossman Danny PSP Inc
Croteau Dominique Revision Eyewear
Curie Philippe Exensor France
Page 87 of 169
Participants at the Soldier Systems C4I/Sensors Workshop
Name: Last First Organization
Dabrowski Sue Mannarino Systems & Software Inc.
D'Anjou Richard CGI
Darling Marie Rockwell Collins
Davis Gregory BAE Systems
Dec Albert BAE Systems
Decoste Roch DND
Deegan Michael Boeing
Delorme Luc A. Communications Research Centre Canada
Deters Ralph Dept. of Computer Science / Univ. of Saskatchewan
Detombe John ADGA Group
Diefenderfer James L-3 Communication Systems-West
DiNardo George Larus Technologies Corporation
Dion Bruno CMC Electronique, Esterline
Dionne Capt. A. DND
Dixon Anthony Peerless Garments LP
Dore Steve IBM
Dosani Shazmin Strategic Review Group
Downing Warren DRS Technologies Canada Ltd
Dudek Gregory McGill University
Dufour Stephane DND Land Requirements
Duguay Dan Industry Canada
Dupuis Marc-Andre Rheinmetall Canada inc
Dwyer Brendan Australian Army STANREP
Edwards Eric Xiphos Technologies Inc
Egery Robert Valley Associates Group
Eisenhardt Dan Recon Instruments
Eklund Mike University of Ontario Institute of Technology
Elagizi Bill L-3 Communications Electronic Systems
El-Sheimy Dr. Naser University of Calgary
Emery George J. Strategic Review Group
Emond Laura Industrie Canada
Fakih Adel U. Waterloo
Feliziani Giulio SelexGalileo S.p.A.
Ferguson John Strategic Review Group
Findlay Dave TORONTO REGION RESEARCH ALLIANCE
Page 88 of 169
Participants at the Soldier Systems C4I/Sensors Workshop
Name: Last First Organization
Fisher Geoffrey R. LOGISTIK UNICORP INC
Fleming Barry DND
Fleurant Aude-Emanuelle Technopôle Defence & Security
Fortin Marc-Antoine Ecole de Technologie Superieure
Fotia Sam ACOA
Fullick Andrew Cobham Defense Communications
Gabiot Julien IREQ
Gagnon Francois Ecole de Technologie Superieure
Gagnon Claire DRDC
Georgaras Konstantinos Industrie Canada
Gerkema Adrian CAE Professional Services
Godin Michael CGI
Goergaris Stamati computer vision and robotics system's
Goodall Chris Alastair Ross Technology Centre
Gordon Eileen Strategic Review Group
Grant Kim Raytheon Canada Limited
Gray Mark Industrie Canada
Haddad Emilie MPB Communications Inc
Hall Fraser Recon Instruments
Harris Paul DRDC
Harrison Ronald BAE Systems
Hartman Leo CSA
Hassaine Fawzi DRDC
Hayes Kevin National Research Council
Heffner Kevin Pegasus Simulation Services
Heydari Shahram S. University of Ontario Institute of Technology
Hill Ian NRC
Hoag Mr. S. DND
Hoemsen Ray Red River College
Page 89 of 169
Participants at the Soldier Systems C4I/Sensors Workshop
Name: Last First Organization
Hoffman Joy Rockwell Collins, Inc
Hu Cheng NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation
Huard Mariane DRDC
Huber Dr. Kris Array Systems Computing Inc.
Hung Benjamin Array Systems Computing Inc.
James Jeremy Collaborative Robotics Inc
Jonassen Hans Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace AS
Jones Stephen T. Rockwell Collins
Kan Adir Elbit Systems
Kassouf Marthe IREQ (institut de recherche d'Hydro-Quebec)
Kellett Matthew DRDC
Kelly John rockwellcollins
Kessler John ITT
Kevser Dr. Taymaz DND
Khakhanov Yuri Russian Corporation of Nanotechnologies
Knight Darren Lockheed Martin
Kogut Bob The O‘Gara Group
Koniz Ronald Gentex
Lachapelle Dominic Groupe CTT
Lafond Eric CRC
Lamont Louise Communications Research Centre
Land William ICx Technologies
Landry Rene ETS
Lange Christian Canadian Space Agency
Langevin Pierre DND
Laou Philips Defence R&D Canada
Lapierre Marc DGLEPM/QETE
Larmor Jean-Louis LUXELL TECHNOLOGIES Inc
Larose Stephanie Univalor
Lavigne Marc Valley Associates
Lawrence Chris Canadian Police Research Centre
Lefebvre Vivier NRC
Lefrancois Sylvain Sagem
Page 90 of 169
Participants at the Soldier Systems C4I/Sensors Workshop
Name: Last First Organization
Lemelin C. DND
Lemieux Claudette Affaires étrangères et Commerce international Canada
LePoidevin Darren DND
Lesage Francois DRDC
Leungh Henry University of Calgary
Levesque Jacques Materiel Group, NDHQ
Levesque Jerome DRDC CORA
Liu Edward Thales Canada
Lo David DND
Lopez Damian Thales Canada
Lurz Patricia Harris Corporation
Lutes John
Lyngar Eivind Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace
Lypps Brian CAE
MacDonald Mark ING Engineering
MacKenzie James L-3
MacLennan Charles CFN Consultants
Magierowski Sebastian University of Calgary
Maheux J. DRDC
Makris Aris Allen-Vanguard
Mannarino John Mannarino Systems & Software Inc.
Marceau Jocelyn DND
March Brian Kaycom Inc
Marchildon Alain ImmerVision
Martin Guy computer vision and robotics system's
Mastalski Tony Cobham Defense Communications
May Roger Saft America Inc
McConnell Gregory Cross Match Technologies Canada
McCuaig Mathieu Advantech
McDonald Mike Dell Canada Inc.
McHugh Cathy Senstar Corporation
McKoy Rocky Cantec-Systems
Meakin Mike InnUVative Systems Inc.
Page 91 of 169
Participants at the Soldier Systems C4I/Sensors Workshop
Name: Last First Organization
Meliot Sebastien Consoltex INC
Merle Dr. Philippe G. DND
Merry David Insight Technology Incorporated
Michalska Ms. M. NSERC
Michaud Francois University of Sherbrooke
Michaud-Shields Max DND
Mison Ron
Mitchell Ian Instro Precision Limited
Moore Daniel Rockwell Collins
Morose Bob RFID Canada
Mouysset Laurent ETS
Mrad Nezih DRDC-DND
Nakaza Edward Strategic Review Group
Nelson Troy Red Ball Internet
Nerat Emerson Purelink Technology, inc
Nerguizian Vahe Ecole de Technologie Superieure
Newman Eric General Dynamics Canada Ltd
Nikonorova Elena
Nimelman Menachem MDA
Nimmo Geoff Industrie Canada
Noete Mark SED Systems
Nokovich David Cross Match Technologies
Noureldin Dr. Aboelmagd Royal Military College of Canada
O'Brien Bernie R. Nicholls Distributors Inc
O'Neil Laurence General Dynamics Canada
Page Tim CADSI
Pageau Gilles DND
Palmer Patrick CAE
Paquet Ron bulzi communications, PR firm for Sonomax Technologies
Paradis Stephane DRDC Valcartier
Parent Andre NRC-IMS
Parker Michael MDS Systems
Parslow Alan Deep Vision Inc.
Parsons Bob
Page 92 of 169
Participants at the Soldier Systems C4I/Sensors Workshop
Name: Last First Organization
Perreault Marie-Josee computer vision and robotics system's
Perron Denis Revision Eyewear
Perron Jean-Philippe Industrie Canada
Pich Cornell General Dynamics Canada
Plante Ghislain Chief of Land Staff / Director Land Requirements 2-8
Poole Richard L-3 Communications
Powell Craig ICx Technologies
Provencher Louis Gestion Univalor
Prudhomme Lcol Michel DND
Quéau Yannick Technopôle Defence & Security
Quintin Marc Conseil national de recherches Canada
Ramirez-Serrano Alex University of Calgary
Rancourt Etienne Canada Economic Development for the Quebec Regions
Reedel Gary MDA
Ricard Benoit RDDC Valcartier
Riendeau Sylvain IREQ (institut de recherche d'Hydro-Quebec)
Robinson John Electro-Optical Systems L3
Rochefort Pierre Cirrus
Rodi Colleen Visiontec Systems
Romano Paul Thales Canada
Romeo Paul ADGA Group
Ross George National Research Council
Rothschild Dr. Henri Precarn
Rousseau Marcel SolaCom Technologies Inc
Roy Claude RDDC
Roy Nathalie DRDC
Rozumovich Eugene 3DTAC Inc
Ruane William AVANCE
Russo Jason Strategic Review Group
Sampson Sammy Black Coral Inc
Sandron Litizia Peerless Garments LP
Sarkissov Souren Quantum-Laser
Schelsak Mr. J. CRC
Semeniuk Kevin Allen-Vanguard Technologies Inc
Page 93 of 169
Participants at the Soldier Systems C4I/Sensors Workshop
Name: Last First Organization
Senske Randall 2kPlus IS Consulting Inc
Senske Brian 2kPlus IS Consulting Inc
Sevigny P. DRDC
Sheitoyan Jean-Marc Mawashi Protective Clothing, Inc
Simard Steve computer vision and robotics system's
Sinai Dan University of Western Ontario
Singh Paul Corcan/Correctional Service Of canada
Skene Dave L-3 Electronic Systems
Stergiopoulos Dr. S. DRDC
Stewart Jef AirBoss-Defense
Stojanovic Ljiljana DND - DLCSPM
Stroup Adam US Army International Technology Center-Canada
Sylvain Capt. Olivier DND DLR 5-7-2
Tang Kevin Raytheon Canada Limited
Teed Brenton Colt Canada Corporation
Terry Bernadette British High Commission
Tessier Dominic Groupe CTT
Thibault Marc Gestion Marc Thibault Inc
Tindall Dan Ultra Electronics Tactical Commnication Systems
Tomanelli Francesca Thales Optronics Canada
Torfin Mrs. S. USMC
Trask Brett MDA Halifax
Tremblay Simon computer vision and robotics system's
Tremblay Lionel CSA
Tscissons Tim Ontario Center of Excellence
Turcotte Gilles Thales Optronics Canada
Underhill Major E.L.M. DND
Vallee Pierre evison Eyewear Inc
Van Ham Claude L-3 Electronic Systems
Vandenbroucke Jack-Eric ETS
Vandeventer Terrence Sagem
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Participants at the Soldier Systems C4I/Sensors Workshop
Name: Last First Organization
Vandeweerd Helena Tulmar
Vezina Dr. G. DRDC
Vidal Charles ING Engineering
Vincent-Herscovici Jesse MITACS Inc.
Voli Alessandro Selex Galileo
Walsh Bud Thales
Waterman Donald Global Marketing & Strategic Development
Webber Justin Vxsim
Webster Neil Biopeak
Weight John JPOM Inc.
Wensley Craig SEA (Group) Ltd
Williams Alan Cobham Surveillance
Winship John GENTEX
Wong Doug Allen-Vanguard
Wong Dr. F. DRDC
Woodliffe Elizabeth DND-DRDC Valcartier
Wright Neil General Dynamics Canada
Xiao Qinghan DRDC
Zelek John S. University of Waterloo
Zhulego Vladimir G. Russian Research Center "Kurchatov Institute
Zlotnik Zev Elbit Systems
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D. C4I Working Session 1 Participant Input
This appendix contains detailed content, by table, of the flipcharts completed during
Working Session 1.
C4I Working Session 1 Participant Input (15 Tables Reporting)
Table 1 Vision Statement Theme(s)
Vision statement lacks any mention of survivability or stealth
Increased capability that cannot compromise user‘s position, increase risk of attack, or reduce lethality.
Timing
How current is the data, refresh rate
Picture
Need for better picture definition (i.e. day/night vision, target ID, tracking, etc…)
Data Transfer
Need to addresses ability to send data and not just receive it
Communication
Ensure that soldiers are active participants in the transmission of data and not just end recipients of information.
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C4I Working Session 1 Participant Input (15 Tables Reporting)
Table 2 Vision Statement: Theme(s)
A heavy enterprise solution which is mission specific and takes into consideration ITSEC
Geolocation
Provide SA of unmapped areas/regions and share locations with allies in NATO standard language 3 year – GPS in radio/satellites 5 year – GPS Denial 10 year – Partial reliance of air/space signals Communication:
3 year – Secure voice, data and GPS at a rate of 7Mbps
5 year – Secure voice, data, GPS and delivered by an ad hoc system at a rate of 20Mbps
10 year – N/A
Table 3 Vision Statement: Theme(s)
Confiance de 99.9% semble idéaliste. Bon objectif, mais il faudrait place a une marge manœuvre plus grande
Surcharge de poids : régaler ce problème en intégrant plusieurs fonctions dans un même équipement. Équipe multidisciplinaire doit travailler sur un même produit
Correction a l‘énonce: ―obtenir un portrait pertinent au rôle de chacun―
Intégration Information et Connaissances : o Manque de temps
Interface usage: o 5ans: Maximiser
intégration au niveau textile (par exemple: écran flexible sur avant-bras). 5ans : Vision interactive; Partage champ de vision accessibilité des différents points de vue, adaptables en fonction des rôles.
o 15ans : Optimiser l‘utilisation des 5 ans (Un seul afficher pour les 5 sens)
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C4I Working Session 1 Participant Input (15 Tables Reporting)
Table 4 Vision Statement Theme(s)
Better definition of use of robotics in terms of their use and outcomes
Information management hierarchy diffusion :
SA definition BFT definition
Colleagues for information requires definition
Application capability:
To deliver CM information capability with accuracy and reliability
Interoperability:
Data modelling
Adaptive equipment
Geolocation:
Appropriate information is accurate
Communication to appropriate colleagues
Table 5 Vision Statement Theme(s)
Vision is too broad and required the highest confidence for decision takers instead of 99%
Geolocation
Need BLUE vs. RED forces tracking
Combination of GPS and other FFID technologies to ensure enemy neutralization in GPS denied zones.
Table 6 Vision Statement Theme(s)
The statement is too generic and requires elements of situation / context / interconnectivity
Human Interfaces :
The soldier should be able to interchange the suite of technologies
Communications:
Introduction of commercial technologies to the dismounted tactical domain (i.e. customization, carbon nanotechnology)
Human Interfaces :
3 years: to use in one place; present technology multifazed;
5 years: BAA in one place
Communications:
Adaptable wave forms – definite radio ad hoc network (i.e. each soldier is a relay).
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C4I Working Session 1 Participant Input (15 Tables Reporting)
Table 7 Vision Statement Theme(s)
Vision statement needs clarity on the word ―transparent‖
N/A Communications
3 years : Transparent regrouping
5 years : MILS / CDS
10 years : Multiband conveyance (LOS/BLOS)
Geolocation:
3 years ; 1 meter/1 second locator at a cost effective price
5 years: 3 axis (altitude, longitude, latitude)
10 years: Simultaneous location mapping
Table 8 Vision Statement Theme(s)
Vision is overambitious in how it is measured. To achieve 99% confidence amounts to increased inputs, costs and redundancies.
Systems evolution requires standard interfaces between components to allow individual small upgrades
N/A
Table 9 Vision Statement Theme(s)
Vision timeframes are too long (3 years instead of 5)
Obtain and use complete relevant picture and a need to integrate human factors
N/A
Table 10 Vision Statement Theme
Vision statement is sufficient
Communications:
3 years: Reliable encrypted data and voice communications to soldier
5 years: Combined PRMS integration - 10 years: Wireless PAN
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C4I Working Session 1 Participant Input (15 Tables Reporting)
Table 11 Vision Statement Theme(s)
Missing a networked concept to extend beyond the soldier.
More detail is needed in what is relevant for the soldier, to answer if this vision ambitious is enough?
In 3-5 years we can achieve 1 meter/1 second accuracy with GPS for all
For non-GPS, we can achieve the same capability
Geo-location
A multi-technology solution (i.e. GPS, DR, Inertial Azimuth, Triangulation, TOA, DMC, MEMS)
Information Integration and Situational Awareness:
Soldiers networked together to combine information for location
Table 12 Vision Statement Theme(s)
Vision scope is too large for timeline (incremental growth is 5-10 years while disruptive growth is 15+ years)
How do we define 99% confidence?
How to ensure that industry will co-operate (open source, propriety, etc…)?
In the next 5-10 years, the soldier will be capable of accessing high fidelity (i.e. good enough to make a decision), relevant operating data with an appropriate level of confidence in near real-time using compact, light-weight, seamlessly integrated operator-friendly technologies.
Architectural standards for Industry
Integration of cutting edge technologies within 5 years
Ensure pace is kept by Defence Industry with commercial progress / technologies
Information Management: o Who controls information,
controls access, how to prevent information overload?
Table 13 Vision Statement Theme(s)
N/A Issues to be considered for such an ambitious plan:
Ability to effectively integrate devices
Information overload
Filter for COI
Ability to provide only relevant information
Ensure/ Improve Reliability
Geolocation:
10-15years 1meter/1second, GPS independent
Integration/Interoperability
5 years: Device to convert data from any device into any format required by user (to be done at national level, not JIMP)
10-15 years – device to be made available at JIMP.
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C4I Working Session 1 Participant Input (15 Tables Reporting)
Table 14 Vision Statement Theme(s)
15 years is too far out due to the rapid change of technology – the next 5-10 years is more realistic
Advancement must provide immediate access to relevant information used for real-time situations.
Information must be interactive for all users
Geolocation:
Immediate GPS knowledge
Solution biometrics
Alternative solutions should satellite signals be lost
Human Interface Evolution
PDA with GPS evolving to Goggles/sun glasses head-up display (similar to DARPA Ultras-Vis)
Holographic 3D display to know where you and your colleagues are within the terrain
Displays and Interfaces integrated into textiles
Auditory augmentation with protected hearing
Table 15 Vision Statement Theme(s)
Vision statement lacked the fundamentals of a push/pull concept that would support technology/concept evolution (i.e. ‗Obtain‘ vs. ‗Collaborate‘ on complete relevant picture)
SA
evolution/ characterization/ generations of capability
Security: Increasing confidence in system
SA
5 years : Push location; receive SA
10 years : Receive filtered target; push : push into production
15 years : Receive : target fusion; producers as well as agents; enhanced soldier logistics for ammo types/levels and health
Security:
avoid security compromise – compromised SA will result in rejection of the system
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E. C4I Working Session 2 Participant Worksheets
This appendix provides the detailed participant input from the worksheets completed
during the first C4I working session. This is the input that was used to generate the
summary information in the body of this report. (See Figure 6. C4I Challenges
Determined from Breakaway Session 2—Summary of Participant Responses.)
The input is organized into these theme areas:
1. Communication
2. Human Interfaces
3. Geo-location
4. Integration
5. Interoperability
6. Security
Page 102 of 169
Theme 1: Communication ( 2 tables reporting)
Theme vision elements
Every soldier has to be connected with their respective section, section leaders, and the backbone network
Solutions must meet the demand
Resources available should be considered
Key Functionalities
Have access to any real time information requirements (i.e. such as position location; enemy; supply; OP status; control measures; friendly activities)
Need for an audio fashion of auto-translation of local language
Imagery
Need for an informal way of communicating (organic – external)
Information assurance (avoid over crowded E.M. spectrum)
Classes of service & prioritization
Rely on a 24/7 communication
Instantaneous allocation of bandwidth on demand and the importance that message formatting be compatible with NATO, or even interoperable among allies
Different bandwidth and ad-hoc to various groups at all levels of command
A cross domain solution which would consider secret and unclassified information
Expected range for COI (10km – 15km, etc.) and WPAN
Technical Challenges/Drivers
Human interface
Future display of those technologies
Operating environment
Compatibility with current equipment
Weight
Absence of an access mechanism u/e of users and the fact that prior technological investment is required
Missing a hidden node function
Jamming
Self interference under all environment conditions.
Underlined OTAZ (Reset for radio), OTAR, and SWAP
Other Barriers
Policy
Other comments
DND should consider the range extension
The engineering was more important than the design, while acknowledging that there might be a gap between the day it is designed and the user generation.
Page 103 of 169
Theme 2: Human Interfaces
Overall, three tables worked on Human Interfaces
Theme vision elements
Importance for human interfaces to be ‗intuitive‘, comfortable (or unobtrusive – easy to carry), and easy to use (cognitive and physically)
Reception and the sending of battlefield information: not only this information should go through an interface that senses and filters, but the soldiers should be able to provide such information without any overload and in a timely fashion.
Key Functionalities
Short term: 2D map with red and blue force tracking annotations, markers, and waypoints in terrain
Medium term: 3D version of the above functionality
Longer term: Immersive/augmented reality display overlaying the real world
Health status of the soldier
Equipment status
Viewing of images, in order to locate UAV‘s / to have a visual of the area / to have a visual from other soldiers
Importance of visual, audio, and tactical customization
A centralized system control on weapon
Covert operation is suggested
Multiple sensory inputs
Technical Challenges/Drivers
Resolution
Lag
Environmental security
Light spillage
Cost-effectiveness
Heat MGT/signature
Power processing
Satellite connectivity
Power limitations
Low weight
Data transmission
Bandwidth
Equipment hygiene
Power
Attention
Bandwidth
Visual overload
To have a common interconnected network
Configurability to any inputs
Realizing at the same time that SWAPS
Size
Weight
Power
Protocols
Connectivity
Jamming/detection
Bandwidth
Information overload
Prioritization of information
Other Barriers
N/A
Other comments
N/A
Page 104 of 169
Theme 3: Geo-location ( 1 table reporting)
Theme vision elements
Overlapping of information on graphical map
Use a common language
Share info with coalition partners
Key Functionalities
audible-visual-tactile component
Non-GPS connection
Need for multiple source of geo-location
The ability to publish technologies that are integrated + information transmission coming from enemy coordinates (sight) using trigger mounted targeting system
Technical Challenges/Drivers
Power
Bandwidth
Prioritization
Switching
Cost
Weight
Range
Security
Adaptability
Ergonomics
Other Barriers
N/A
Other comments
N/A
Page 105 of 169
Theme 4: Integration (1 table reporting)
Theme vision elements
The soldier systems should be integrated at multiple levels from the individual to the command
Key Functionalities
Efficient HMI (considering controls and displays)
Information fusion Modularity
Technical Challenges/Drivers
Easy reconfiguration
Interface standards
Power distribution
Single use devices
Different generations of users
Availability of power
Bandwidth
Cost
Weight
Volume
Other Barriers
N/A
Other comments
Participants wanted to make sure that the evolution of the theme would incorporate a training ease dimension to lead to a technology turn over.
Page 106 of 169
Theme 5: Interoperability (2 tables reporting)
Two tables worked on this theme.
Theme vision elements
Seamless aspect of communication and cooperation in their vision definition
Key Functionalities
Radio system/device must have multi-function abilities (leads to a challenge related to security)
Configurable
Allow soldier to communicate over a large distance
Harmonized transparent exchange systems Conceptualized as harmonized exchange, and different than a standardized exchange)
Technology agnostic, mission independent, and simplistic
Responsive/timely configuration
Technical Challenges/Drivers
Communication overload
Power consumption
Size
Bandwidth
No technical challenges were mentioned.
High degree of confidence is needed
Security
Overload of data
Other Barriers
N/A Politics
Policy
Soldier acceptance
Need to keep pace with change
The importance to avoid obsolescence with previous technologies
Other comments
One table focused on section platoon, while the other incorporated all necessary partners.
NATO should provide direction/standards
Page 107 of 169
Theme 6: Security (1 table reporting)
Theme vision elements
The transparency of the user must meet the requirements
Security must rely on a seamless interoperability with adequate protection.
Key Functionalities
Simple access control to support the need
Need for intrusion detection and response
Seamless interoperability (domestic, coalition, JIMP)
Technical Challenges/Drivers
Lack of federated IDM system
The maturity of technology at the DSS level
The maturity of technology at the DSS level
Power
Weight
Accreditation
Other Barriers
Security policy
Common understanding of the definition of simple access central
N/A N/A
Other comments
N/A
Page 108 of 169
F. C4I Working Session 3 Participant Stickies—the Challenges
The details of the solutions proposed during working session 3, and their related
technologies, are listed in the tables below. This information is summarized graphically
in the body of this report (see C4I Breakaway Session 3: C4I Technologies/Solutions).
The technical challenges for which solutions are proposed are:
1. Denied Signal Environment
2. Detecting and Overcoming Jamming/Spoofing
3. Effective Language Recognition
4. Inability to Configure C4I Devices to Context (Functional)
5. Inability to Scan and Use a Range of Frequencies
6. Inability to Configure C4I Devices to Context (Cross-domain, Interoperability,
Security)
7. Lack of Standards/Agreed Guidelines
8. Lack of UI Configurability/Usability
9. Overcoming Infection/Comfort-related to C4I Equipment
10. Over-reliance on Technology Solutions (No longer training the fundamentals)
11. Poor Bandwidth/Capability Management
12. Poor Signature Management
13. Power/Energy Limitations
14. Spectrum Availability
15. Lack of High Performance User Interface Characteristics
Page 109 of 169
1. Technical Challenge: Denied signal environment
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps*
Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 For radio comms (in different environments) use of lower frequency bands suited to such environments
Multi-channel radio e.g. 1 channel for denied
environment (low frequency and low bandwidth) and 1 channel soldier radio. (TRL 6)
2015
2 Vision system on a low power embedded device
Tech1: Computer vision (TRL 5) 2 2015
Tech2: Highly Parallel, low power, RISK embedded systems (TRL 5)
3 Line of site laser based send/receive capability? Fiber Optic Tether?
2015
4 High divergence/wide angle free space optical communications (FSOC)
Transmitter= laser + holographic diffuser receiver array of APDs and optical filters (TRL 7)
2015
5 Redundant connectivity on single product
2015
6 MANET with breadcrumb capability. All vehicles become wireless nodes and soldiers can deploy repeaters and mini UAV/aerostats that act as wireless repeaters.
Tech1: Wireless Networking 2015 *
Tech2: Cognitive radios
Tech3: Power Management
Tech4: Vehicles as mobile Servers large data storage and processing capability to offload bandwidth requirements on smaller portable radios.
Tech5: Peer to peer networking
Page 110 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps*
Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
Tech6 Distributed, wireless cloud processing to improve cross cueing of sensors and comms to better cover gaps
7 Satellite systems for BIOS, smaller than USAT antennas possibly using a larger teleport antenna
DUB-RCS, VSAT, Antennas (TLR 6) 2015
8 Multi UAV network as an intelligent relay system for short-range communications.
Tech1: multi robot swarms 2015
Tech2: enhanced power for mobile devices
Tech3: network/communication standards (TLR 7)
9 Store and forward approach for non-perishable data (messages, overlays, reports) so that it is delivered as soon as connectivity is re-established.
Distributed mailboxes with time stamped messages - only those generated during blackout are retrieved (TRL 2)
2015
10 Micro, accurate, intelligent transmitters. Size must be reduced while maintaining accuracy of the larger systems
Advancement of accelerometer and gyroscope size and cost
2015
11 Advanced server technologies
Visual optic, volumetric sensing, mm wave radar
2015
12 Cognitive radios that can switch to another frequency when jammed
2015
13 Millimetric radio Waveforms Software definable radios (TLR 4) 2015
Page 111 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps*
Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
14 Enhanced deployment of portable relays
Relay Communication Channels (TLR 6) 2015
15 Equipment to adapt to other communications means
Communications, Antennas, transmission, network technologies
2015
16 Magnetic wave communications
Antennas, amplifiers etc 2020
17 Micro UAV based network following COA
Flapping Wings 2020
18 Use radio signal for data propagation when dead air
IP based radios or RF to IP radios (TLR 9) 2020
19 Prevent limited line of site contacts in cluttered terrain
Communication relay by micro-UAV (TLR1) 2020
20 Lithospheric waves propagation
Signal to vibrations/seismic waves converter (TLR 2-3)
2020
21 Intelligent (stearable) antennas
RF modulation, efficient DSP 2020
22 Extra booster added to communications device when operating in a known dead signal area. Special satellites.
GPS's positioning devices, special software to communicate with other devices
2020
23 A continued operation in all environments
Improved inertial/dead reconning systems (TLR 4)
2020
24 Signal repeater integrated with communication terminal
Tech1: Mobile Ad-Hoc network (TLR 3) 2020 *
Tech2: Smart on frequency amplifier/repeater (TLR 3)
Page 112 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps*
Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
25 Every soldier is a retransmition node (for comms and for location. Droppable
Computers doing triangulation to track soldiers. Returns "Roc k" dropped outside of denied environment.
2 2020
26 Transmit signal at an entirely wide range of frequencies. Assume at leats one sucessfuly penatrates the barriers
Very Wide Range SDR
27 Allow Target localization within shorter ranges (1 meter)
Use of different satellites on one targeted and phased info differential (TRL 8)
28 Allocation of spectrum to suit different classes of services
Spectrum allocation - cross layering with MAC and routing
29 Middleware that provides various services
Service oriented architecture
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2. Technical Challenge: Detecting and overcoming jamming/spoofing
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps * Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Sense jamming frequency , use DSA dynamic spectrum access to locate non blocked/jammed spectrum
Satellite with frequency scanning to send out multiple frequencies - user's interface also scans
2 2015 *
2 Use of SAASM GPS embedded in system and augmented with embedded DRM solution and any sensor fusion/position update available
Micro DAGR/micro GRAM by Rockwell Collins with embedded DRM module (TLR 8-9)
2015
3 Cognitive radio Frequency agile transceivers 2015 *
4 Assured communications/blueforce tracking
Tech1: Improved military radios/GPS 2015
Tech2: automatic crypto-key distributions (TRL 6)
5 Emitter receiver radar Radar see through wall 2015
6 Radio with wideband pick and choose capabilities similar to DSL modems (often with water filling algorithm)
powerful and small DSP/FPGAs, switchable RF front-ends (TLR 2)
2015
7 Enhanced Authentication techniques? E-password (personal) or biometric authentication
Biometric screening 2015
8 Increase power output on use of physical link connection
Jamming technology evolves at the same speed as anti-jamming
2015
Page 114 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps * Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
9 Selectiveness of the volume and location for data processing instead of simultaneous communications
RFID TAC perform selective secure and quick data processing without collision
2015
10 MEMS adaptive phase array, anti-jamming digital processors
MEMS, micro electronics (TLR 2) 2015
11 Advance jam resistant signal encoding, wide band frequency hopping
Advanced jam-resistant encoding algorithms, wide band frequency hopping radios (TLR 7)
2015
12 Software enabled radio and dynamic spectrum allocation
(TRL 6) 2015
13 Radio/device with built-in search for hostile signals
Satellites with special signals for friendly signals 2 2020
14 ENGR solution. Current low
need that will increase over time
2020
15 Nano robot with sensors RFI in the cloth, interactive
Page 115 of 169
3. Technical Challenge: Effective language recognition (including language/cultural AI)
Solution Description Technologies # Reps * Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 IPhone has an application that recognizes song title.
NLP - Natural Language Processing (TRL9-9) 3 2015
2 AI learning - machine adapts itself to the specific user preferences/personal differences.
Genetic algorithms/machine learning (TRL 4-5)
2 2015
3 Icon/symbology development (i.e. more graphics, less text)
graphic designers. Cognitive recognition.
2015
4 Some automatic translation capabilities already exist but they could be improved and specialized to the specific domain (infantry troops)
Microsoft word speech recognition sw, combined with some more specialized automated translation (TRL 5)
4 2015 4
5 Text-to-speech, speech-to-text, translation
natural language processing/understanding language identification, speech processing (TRL 7)
3 2015
6 speech recognition of a limited vocabulary + automatic translation
Tech1: speech recognition 2 2015 *
Tech2: Automatic AI translation (TRL 5)
7 Commercial translation context sensitive databases. COTS voice recognition algorithms
COTS translation software. COTS voice recognition algorithms (TRL 8)
4 2015 4
8 Universal language recognition translator
Voice/Language recognition software (TRL 5). 4 2015 4 / *
9 Ability to provide translation in seamless fashion
SW + PC program 2015
Page 116 of 169
Solution Description Technologies # Reps * Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
10 look to commercial solutions commercial domain 2015
11 Speech to text of speech to Icon graphic algorithm (ability to transfer info to non-combattants). Speech to text for reports + returns (force to force)
not known: perhaps audio background noise filter algorithms (perhaps similar technology in TV closed captions world.
2 2015
12 Universal communication Tech1: Voice recognition (TRL 6) 2 2020
Tech2: automatic translation (TRL 3)
13 Complete database on language & cultural efficient software
Software development (TRL 3) 4 2020 4
14 Better certified intelligent algorithms
Compact high-speed processing unit (TRL 3-4)
3 2020
15 Automatic conversion of human language to standard machine language and back (TRL 2)
2020
16 Off the shelf solutions will allow a better update rate with supported languages and enhanced features.
google translator type with application similar to Iphone.
17 Use of graphics and international symbology to communicate - new development for basic exchange of info vice text or speech.
further development of mapping symbology strandardization.
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4. Technical Challenge: Inability to configure C4I devices to context (functional)
Solution Description Technologies # Reps Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Data centric security architecture based on authentication and labelling of information objects
Tech1: Public key infrastructure 2015
Tech2: Encryption algorithm
Tech3: Software quality assurance (TLR 5)
2 User interface should automatically be adjusted to the current C2 task to be done by providing appropriate decision support functionalities
Mixed initiative interfaces (TLR 4-5) 2015
3 Configure device to switch from secure to non-secure
Radios already exists, just need further R&D 2015
4 Self, mission roles and time phase appropriate automatic configuration
Tech1: Select biometric entry + roles cross reference database (TLR 4)
2015
Tech2: Additional soldier sensor fusion to adapt configuration (presented Info + CTLS) to subsystem/user (TLR 6)
*
5 Automatic identification of similar situations
Tech1: Automatic interpretation of written text 2015
Tech2: case based reasoning (TLR 4-5)
6 User serviceability of functions at soldier level. Very flexible system management
2015
Page 118 of 169
Solution Description Technologies # Reps Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
7 Data-centric architecture - allows device interfaces to configure based on exchange of objects described by metadata so devices can auto-configure as the situation requires
Standards, security, interoperability (TLR 6)
2015 *
8 Intelligent data fusion. Part of the problem is that it is
relatively easy to get more info, but more info will just
overload the user
2020
9 User devices recognizes the type of info required and
adapts the type and quality of info as situations evolve
Artificial intelligence based on user profile, better system design, software design (TLR 3)
2020
10 Make content and context based which can be accepted and certified by the NSAs at NATO
(TLR 3) 2020 *
Page 119 of 169
5. Technical Challenge: Inability to scan and use a range of frequencies
Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 No new technology needed 2015
2 Increased compression scheme for image data exchange. All Tx is data: voice image text
Standard format approval (TRL 6) 2015
3 Adaptive, configurable direct RF sampling
Tech 1: Wide band analog-Digital converters 2015
Tech 2: Adaptive filtering and decimation 2
Tech 3: wide band antenna (TRL 7)
4 Radio with wideband waveform capabilities (OFDM, DSSS, FHSS, VWB)* & smart interference detection/avoidance algorithms (*Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing; Direct sequence spread spectrum; Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum; Ultra Wide Band; Digital Signal Processor; Field Programmable Gate Array)
Powerful, small & affordable DSPs & FPGAs. Suitable wideband RF front-ends (TRL 2)
2015
5 Real time full band scan Tech 1: Fast filter selection or adaptation (TRL 8)
2 2015
Tech 2: Special waveform (TRL 2)
6 Agile electronics / wideband viewing – flexible RF
OAC/AOC converters, electronics capable filters
2015
Page 120 of 169
Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
7 Radios with multi-band operating i.e. L/S/C/ETC
Digital links that auto scan 2015
8 SDR + Wideband RF head High Speed A/D 2015
9 RFID TAC multi-channel technology working with any frequency
RFID TAC words with UHF, UWB, Wi-Fi, LF, etc.
2015
10 Regular communication driver with capability to provide wide spectrum of freq. in both secure and non secure mode
Tech 1: BW + Radio Freq. Control 2 2020
Tech 2: IP commonality
11 Cognitive / software define radios.
Better user of existing spectrum / use of white spaces
Beam forming antennas, automatic tuneable,
front ends. High power DSPs, Miniaturization of RF parts, etc.
2020
12 Adaptive radio Adaptive radio frequency 2 2020 *
13 Flexible Awd + combined SW
that operates in all environments. WW.
Provide new Awd/SW solution while defining a larger freq. range.
*
Page 121 of 169
6. Technical Challenges: Inability to configure C4I devices to context (cross-domain, interoperability, security)
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Develop a software translator for data exchange between dismounted, mounted C.F., NATO groups etc.
Small lightweight translator computer (TLR 3-4)
2 Multi domain, multi level communication capability
MILS/CDS data terminals
3 Need to evolve and elaborate interest management solutions beyond geospatial indexing to include other filtering and prioritization mechanisms
Smart push information exchange mechanisms - publish and subscribe using notification. For example the OMG - DDS standard should be evaluated as a possible candidate IEM. Work in the US at the Naval post-graduate school (NPS) on smart push technology is relevant - see VIRT (valued Information at the Right Time)(TLR 6)
*
4 Standards for software embedding and integration
Service oriented architectures UML, SysML
5 Use of common interfaces as in commercial technology. Use of wireless technologies.
Develop low power WPAN. Security is not compromised due to range limitations
6 Develop IA Crypted Key management policy for S to TUI, vice versa use MILS crypto solution within system with crypto bypass for management of black data passed on may then be formatted for desired interoperability
JANUS MCM by Rockwell Collins with turnstile CDS (TLR 8/9)
Page 122 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
7 Ability to subscribe to info/intel produced by OGDs and Allies and engage using chat or other means
Meta data tagging standards. Cross-boundary (domain) guards. Search engine (next generation)
8 Authentication of C4I devices Exploitation of biometric data (TLR 7)
9 Data centric systems Architecture. Renditions of objects allow for effective exchange with layered security for a high level of granularity and flexibility in configuration.
Standards, functional configuration (TLR 6)
10 Ability to move in, out, through networks seamlessly. Ability to move between modes of TPT seamlessly, Ability to EMPL VEHS as RRB
Software defined system
11 Bi-directional "data diodes" to link between secret Hi and TUI/SBU radio/data links that accommodate security level matching and data bridging
Tech1: Context parser for structured data (TLR 6-9)
Tech2: Data packet keyword parser for digitized VOX and Free text (TLR 5-6)
12 Artificial Intelligence Data Mining/neural networks
13 Automated projection of team member position/action
Artificial Intelligence , simulation, machine learning (TLR 5-6)
*
Page 123 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
14 Perform field trials to clearly identify all different contexts, define, selectable defaults for each context (OP'r selectable); add additional configurations for OP'r based on user trials
(TLR 5)
7. Technical Challenge: Lack of standards/agreed guidelines
Solution Description Technologies # Reps Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Commercial standards available cap/capan/georss/oasis/masas adopt or modify
Situation awareness + mapping (TRL 6) 2011
2 Make best use of available commercial standards
Information systems. 3 2015
3 Increased use of industry standards and open architecture
Publish standards and ontologies currently in use in operational systems
2015 *
4 Open Source Approach (standard)
2015 *
5 Common Functions – Scripted functions, visuals, audio, text, and images
Processors smart displays 2015 *
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Solution Description Technologies # Reps Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
6 Standards creation & agreement on data management, symbology for soldiers, interoperability
Xml, 2525c/App6b, 802.11*, C-BML 2015
7 Adoption of commercial standards where possible e.g. xml, c#, 80211N, Bluetooth
Xml, c#, 80211N, Bluetooth 3 2015
8 Use or augment existing commercial or industry standards vs. creating new military standards
Ethernet, USB, Firewire for communications 3 2015
9 Development of standards, understanding what we are talking about several standards
Jc3iepm (from the MIP) to be extended to support soldier systems (PDAs) or tablets (TRL 4)
2015
10 Technology life cycle modeling tools/standards
Product life cycle management, business process modeling uml/sys ML, model-based system engineering
2015
11 Use metadata based repository to harmonize ―objects‖ to be exchanged with or without standards dependence
Interoperability, security (TRL 6) 2015 *
12 Need industry participation and emphasis on need. Need to draw a link in the sand.
Non or what standards already exist and are relevant (TRL N/A)
2015 *
13 The use of international standards (EBTS)
Crossmatch is an extremely flexible company modeling their products to soldiers needs.
4 2015 4 / *
14 Use less energy Optimization sources code 2015
Page 125 of 169
Solution Description Technologies # Reps Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
15 International Alliance/Committee to determine the bases for standard
N/A 4 2015 4
16 Agreed, but the real lack is commonality amongst users
2015
17 Systems Integration hardware abstraction lawer for com. links
Make ethernet firewire wireless usb wifi all TCP/IP
2015
18 Use of Stanag 4586 and/or JAUS for ISR assets beyond unmanned systems (e.g. tower mounted cameras, traffic cams, etc.)
Uav, ugc, usv device (TRL 4) 2015
19 Publish a format of expected data from a soldier, example ―x,y‖ platoon name make it an open standard
Sdp protocol belongs to sip (voice example) 2015
20 Wiki-standard-pedia 2 2015
21 NATO Interoperability Consensus decisions that provide global standardization of C4I tools.
Existing agreements and efforts that are currently underway should enable future collaboration
4 2015 4
22 Create new group including industries and university researchers
TRL 2 2015
23 Industry engagement with policy developers and when regular, on-going meetings
Wiki, tele-presence 2 2015
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Solution Description Technologies # Reps Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
24 Adopt industry + already available standards as much as possible. Participate in standards bodies
W4c, ITU 2 2015
25 Communicate between countries and military groups (from top to fringe)
International standards 4 2020 4
26 Adopt industry standards N/A (TRL 3) 2
27 Need to elaborate a digitized representation of tasks and orders to support exchange between soldiers and soldiers and C2 systems and soldiers and robots
The coalition-battle management language is an emerging standard that addresses this need (TRL 3)
8. Technical Challenge: Lack of UI configurability/usability
Solution Description Technologies # Reps * Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Projector-based augmented reality display capable of mimic devices
Augmented reality computer vision 2015
2 Protection glasses / Read wanted display that does not mase the field of view of the user
Micro-projection system (TRL 5) 2015
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Solution Description Technologies # Reps * Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
3 One system - on set of equipment configurable for EA level of user ie Rifleman, Sect. leader, PI and Coy CMD. Ability to turn on/off data displayed. Enable a MSN Vice hinder it.
XML? Similar to web based designs and selection of user preference
2015
4 Better training provided to subject. Better understanding of the problem to be addressed. More powerful PDA/portable laptops to help.
Flexible displays. 2015
5 Danger: Restricted uses to avoid software hang up in a real time environment.
Use enable/disable function + layered on/off display.
2015
6 Better HFI design HFI - Man Machine Interface 2015
7 Configure device as per user preference
Touch pad easy interface for military apps. (TRL 8)
2015
8 Partner with commercial leaders in user interface (i.e. Apple, Ubisoft) to devise soldier interface rather than re-invent the wheel.
Adapt to interface standards which users will be familiar with from previous exposure.
2015
9 Allow for UI to "learn" its user
Utilized in Mercedes + high end vehicles machine learving. (TRL 8).
2015
10 Use of flexible display within uniform.
OLED & printable electronics 2020
11 have intuitive systems - machine model itself to the human; not vice-versa
thought generated control interface + machine learning (TRL 4)
2020
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Solution Description Technologies # Reps * Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
12 Hand held devices - scale/tailer multiple windows/including text + imagery) to reduced screen size.
Human factors R+D-develops new approaches to display information to meet cognitive requirements.
2020
13 Difficult - std GUI design/evaluation/cognitium, walkthium, heuristics)
Usability analysis - SW Development. 2020 *
14 Development role/context based GUI for C4I
Development of AI content of C4I to perform coarse GUI adjustment with operator fine adjustment (TRL 7)
2020 *
15 Software input/display interfaces
Software Development
16 Ongoing support of R&D in this area.
Also affects #9 high-prof UIs (TRL 6)
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9. Technical Challenge: Overcoming infection/comfort-related to C4I equipment
Solution Description Technologies # Reps * Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Garment integration Smart Textiles that would incorporate the C4I functionalities.
2015
2 Bone conducting vibrator frees up soldier ears for situational awareness
Hearing protection that cancels out high impulse noise; but allows soldier to hear (TRL 7+)
2015
3 Ear canal/in-ear and over-ear combination headsets - combined comms/hearing protection
Tech1: Ear canal vranning/moulding technologies for individual fit in-ear devices (TRL 6-7)
2015
Tech2: Head side/shape 3D scanning database. DND database available (P. munic DRDC did the work) not available to industry! Key for developing 5-95% headset fit.
2
4 Antibacterial materials (ear plugs)
8 nanotechnologies. Silver nanoparticles in solution.
2 2015
5 Develop device (headset) that controls noise level - low noise up and loud noise down, voice (Form Fitting)
headset tech. 2 2015
6 Apply accepted industry style guides (e.g. windows) as much as possible to increase operator familiarity, reduce training, ease operation under stress
TRL 6 2015
7 Use of antennas made from electroconductive yarns. Would reduce weight from antenna.
Deposit of electroconductive yarns to form irregular shapes.
2015
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Solution Description Technologies # Reps * Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
8 Swappable foam earplugs (disposable) with anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties. Antiseptic wipes. Use soft materials inside ear that are shaped/ergonomic.
Ergonomics antimicrobial/fungal - commercialized for t-shirt, socks, etc. (TRL 9).
2015
9 Intégrer directement les capteurs dans les tissus des vêtements.
Intégrer des capteurs MEMS dans les vêtements.
2015
10 System in a box. Miniaturization of electronic, radio/CPV/Display all in the same box (TRL 5).
2015
11 Human factor engineering. Integrated woven vest-body armor head gear. (TRL 7)
2015
12 Prevent ear discomfort/infections due to headsets.
Audition by in durting mech. vibrations in the jaw bone (TRL 6)
2015
13 Hearing - antimicrobial conformal ear plug perhaps air inflatable ear plug.
Chloramides - syringe to inflated 2015 *
14 Wireless systems low power wireless (communication) conductors fabrics
-
15 Custom Fitting - Self decontaminating materials
Nano-Technology. 2 -
Page 131 of 169
10. Technical Challenge: Over-reliance on technology solutions (no longer training the fundamentals)
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Ensure personnel can perform their tasks without technology (maps + compass, range finding, hand signals etc.)
Good basic training, technology should enable, not cripple
2 2015
2 Using simulation to train for different technologies in the same environments (e.g. map/compass vs. blue force tracking in same environment)
Add-ons to existing services games (e.g. VBS2) (TLR 6)
2015
3 Use commercially available gaming technology to train soldiers to sue military equipment
Interface between commercial games platform and military C2
2015
4 Adopt tools role/phase + Resource option - basic training + Structure
Enabling tools (display, Avoid, etc.) to auto-train users based on task (TLR 7)
2015
5 Dual-use devices (e.g. holographic weapons that have a fixed iron sight on top in event prism is damaged).
Likely requirements based - SOR needs to define objective to threshold capabilities on a device for dual use.
2015
6 Define basic principles of the equipments (maps, and compass navigation, light and electromagnetic waves introduction)
Training of fundamentals (TLR 9) 2 2015
7 Introduction in education system - easy to train but likely hard
Education System 2020
Page 132 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
8 Drive a combat team with a computer generated forces (one SAF, for example) and play war-gaming. Use same for pre-mission brief to do what-if scenarios
Dismounted soldier simulator (DRDC Toronto) - use it more (TLR 9)
9 Training at appropriate
level/ongoing continuous in various modes developed in consultation with user (soldiers); and are appropriate technology
Wiki (self learning/sharing)
10 Prior to provide training to the soldier with advanced
technology the soldier should be educated in the basics and trained in that area.
(TLR 1)
11 Use of training methods that
date back to the old days where soldiers did not have access to sophisticated equipment
In addition to the current and future training,
use fundamental training using basic weapons and war scenarios (TLR 8)
2
12 Built-in software for training
on fundamental underlying skills
Software development
13 Continue to train the basics
to provide necessary understanding. User application will evolve
(TLR 9)
14 New code of cognitive solution for training new generation of soldiers
New application on Apple iPhone
15 Fundamental shift in training operations. Build better, simpler UI interface
Focus on more general approach to training (vs. unit-specific while teaching "offline" alternatives.
2
Page 133 of 169
11. Technical Challenge: Poor bandwidth/capacity management
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Increase Spectrum efficiency MIMO Technologies/more efficient modulation, computer algorithmes
2 2015
2 Mission based management of RF resources
2015
3 Better frequency detection and allocation
optimization algorithms with robust cost functions (TLR 6)
2015 *
4 Better compression, optimized code at low-level monitor, allocate, throttle users, change resolution
Network monitoring dynamic priority based allocation (TLR 8)
2015 *
5 Make some soldiers wireless access points, allowing I/P communication when in close proximity permitting relay to headquarters
COTS wireless routers and access point (TLR 7)
2015
6 Use centralized infrastructure at a teleport
DSA, Hubs (TLR 8) 2015
7 Policy- based, dynamic network management
software definable radios (TLR 5) 2015
8 Tactical area aerial rebroadcast and advanced managed mesh networks
Tactical micro UAVs, improved MANET solutions matched to SWRs (TRL 6)
2015 *
9 Make use of infrastructure free 3G mobile phone technology - leverage power of COTS road maps etc. to deliver military capacity
(TLR 6) 2015
Page 134 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
10 Send only the required information, thus limiting the bandwidth requirements
Data synch guard, use of geo-tagged information - get what concerns soldier (TLR 7)
2015
11 Use efficient packaging/compression of data to limit bandwidth requirements
Use of packaged data units (PDUs) - a form of compression XML being used with CIEM (TLR 9)
2015
12 Software defined radios combined with capacity management solutions
MPLS, SW defined radios (TLR 6) 2015
13 Better planning for end user system use. Adherence to well developed standards.
The art of getting a consensus among working groups
2015
14 Smart applications adapting to available radio connectivity
2015
15 Process and compress data at one service
Artificial intelligence (TLR 5) 2 2015
16 Radio that has a capacity to transfer video to all members over a range of up to 100 m without passing connectivity due to physical instances.
Multi-band, ad hoc networking radio (TLR 7) 2015
17 Algorithm needed to automatically determine center of mass of an organization based on locations of elements
Geographical approximation algorithms 2015
18 Define meta data for heavy information sources and publish meta data on the net instead of raw data.
OLAP technology (TLR 9) 2015
Page 135 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
19 Frequency planning and management for related zone
Frequency management and planning software
2015
20 Frequency reuse, TX at minimum power, better control of information needed to be transmitted to end user
Cell phone frequency reuse techniques, training on bandwidth management
2015
21 Increase available bandwidth on communication devices
New communication technology that overcomes bandwidth issues (TLR 1)
2020
22 Automatic bandwidth
allocation with cross reference
Artificial Intellect (TLR 5) 2 2020
23 Dynamic spectrum allocation,
Adaptive channel aggregation, adaptive radios, adaptive modulation
MIMO, better processing power 2 2020
12. Technical Challenge: Poor signature management
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Soldiers are not stealthy; they wear camouflage vests but blast out RF. Use 2010 Emission Control (EMCON) and wired PAN.
Electro textiles, ultrasonic PAN (Personal Area Network), cabling (TRL 9)
2015
2 Display dimming capability 2015
Page 136 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
(smart/automatic)
3 Display technology that does not produce visible light signature
Display technology based on an infra-red (TRL 6).
2015
4 Real time signature database
database 2015
5 Algorithm fractal pattern mapping identification application awareness
Using to analyze digital imagery + from satellite and find of a target.
2015 *
6 Improved, low weight shielding alternatives
New Material developments 2015
7 Tool for squad/platoon to check their RF emissions prior to a mission
Tool also becomes a detector for enemy RF emissions
2015
8 IR: The use of a new material already address this signature reduction: RF; This is inevitable and must be controlled through emission control & RF power management & brainstorming.
RF Power management & brainstorming technique.
2020 *
9 NVG viewable PDA screen Dual view display nvg/naked eye; Covert Display Technology
2020
10 ANR type solution - Apply ANR type solution to other types of electromagnetic ENERGY
Sense signature and broadcast "noise" canceling waveform.
2020
11 Electromagnetic emissions control systems
Magneto - inductive technologies. 2020
Page 137 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
12 Direct optical Communications at Video rate.
Laser rangefinder, target locators with covert communications (TRL 6).
*
13 Visual Display that is visible in low light - high light - and near IR without the user constantly making adjustments.
Digital fused visible & near IR and possibly thermal technologies
*
14 Smelling sensor identification to target and pine point.
Fire Security System
15 Use of more efficient power supplies and CPU cards.
Phare-shifted resource converters increase power supply efficiency (TRL 9).
16 (relating to IR) Reduction of power consumption and development of low radiation finishes.
Reduction of power consumption of system and improved finishing techniques/progresses (TRL 5).
17 Auto correcting to minimize power output to stay connected vice high power low power settings.
Sensors to autocorrect power output.
Page 138 of 169
13. Technical Challenge: Power/energy limitations
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Device that converts motion info electric current which would then charge the system battery (ies) & lower energy consumption.
Permanent rare-earth magnet generating a current when the magnetic flux cuts through a coil. (TRL 5)
2015
2 Very high density power source and cloat-embedded power distribution.
Micro hydrogen fuel cell (TRL 6). 4 2015 4
3 Integrated Power/Data Bnsg smart power management.
Intelligent textiles, universal connector, energy harvesting + storage
4 2015 4
4 Reduce power usage with not keeping communication, location, etc. devices active all time.
RFID TAC technology keeps devices silent and sleepy till selective activation performed.
2015
5 Use energy efficient signal processing algorithms combined with low power.
Low power processors, low power algorithms 2015
6 For night vision/thermal imaging /fuzzed - need power demand < 3 watts max.
2015
7 Use other than regular AA batteries
LiSOCL7 batteries: same shape as AA batteries, more energy.
4 2015 4
8 Lower consumption devices. ongoing product improvements 2015
9 1 single power source w/distribution (smart) system to dispatch energy "on-demand".
Portable fuel-cells + smart energy dispatcher. (TRL 7)
4 2015 4
Page 139 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
10 Wider use of renewable sources of energy
Photo elements (TRL 8). 2015
11 Low power, low energy waveforms
Develop high efficiency manet waveform not based on beaconing.
2015
12 (Referring to power as computational power) - Development of faster DSPs/FPGAs/GPPs.
More efficient higher energy density portable batteries (voltage).
4 2015 4
13 Higher degree of soldier system hw-integration ¿ phone type of common unit for the soldier.
2015
14 No one solution. May require a combo of syst. to sustain syst. operability for defined periods/missions.
Li Battery, solar, bio-mech generation and capacitors + to store defined energy level.
4 2015 4 / *
15 New micro electric integration. Innovative software management. Self Power generation.
Solar panel technology. Micro-pump power generation. (TRL 2-3).
2015
16 Use of thermal energy to generate electrical energy.
Integrating thermoelectrical materials within uniform.
4 2015 4
17 Energy harvesting from other devices + wearable systems.
2015
18 Dynamic re-allocation of smaller amount of resources based on available signals ¿ universal configurable channels.
Reconfigurable FPGA chips based on sensed environment (TRL 7).
2015
Page 140 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
19 Build solar + kinetic capabilities into soldier uniforms to charge power sources (TRL 2).
2015
20 Integrated (clothing, equipment, etc.) solar cells and docking stations to either recharge or slowdown batteries consumption
Robust protective film for cells. 2015
21 Adaptive communications, reduce power to necessary level based on SNR
Communications electroniks 2015
22 Energy harvesting photovoltaïque.
Solar cells, flexible panels (textiles). 2 2015
23 Integrate multiple devices into a single product to reduce total power requirements.
Software defined radio instead of 2 different radios.
2015
24 Provide common power source that will complete the mission apps for 24, 48,72 or more hours
Establish low voltage supply / ability to storage energy + to be self contained.
2015
25 Use of novel triggering/cueing technologies with unattended sensors to minimize power usage. (TRL 4).
2015
26 Explore new technologies Replacement of Lithium to lighter efficient power energy retainers (TRL 7).
2015
27 Longer lasting batteries power manager, energy storage cell. 2015
Page 141 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
28 Combination of improving technology - chemical battery - Bio-Kinetic - Low Power Computing
Non-battery - motion harvest systems CPU manufacturing. (TRL 6).
2015 *
29 Cooperative beam forming to extend radio range - utilize all radio's within squad to generate extended range/directionality. (TRL 4).
2015
30 Develop aggressive power management techniques for comms & sensors designed into as many systems as possible.
Aggressive power mgmt (see newtrax) technologies approach to power management.
2020
31 Further reliance on natural sources for generating energy (solar, wind, etc.). Use of wireless electrical devices for battery recharge.
Energy storage capabilities. Wireless electricity generation. (TRL 3).
2020 *
32 New battery and/or energy generation capability
Beam forming 2020
33 New photo voltaic material for improved efficiency battery solar cell.
New material development + (organic). Photo voltaic organic material. (TRL 2).
2020 *
34 Better batteries or energy sources
Chemistry, fuel cells, solar 4 2020 4
35 Avoir une source d'énergie portable et légère
Les piles à combustibles à hydrogène (TRL 4).
2020
Page 142 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
36 Profile where / how power is used and how / where power is lost - wasted (do you need 10W radio far 1km range segmentation). Smart Power management (on-demand power throttling) - power management in cell phones + MP3 players are very much on-demand type. What energy you don't use are shutted down.
Power management tricks used in mobile devices + semi-conductor industry.
2020 *
37 Micro nuclear energy reactor Possible? Nuclear fusion? TRL 3. 2020 *
38 Smart Power solutions that know when to provide power.
self monitoring power circuit. 2020
39 Combination of improving technology - chemical battery - Bio-Kinetic - Low Power Computing
Non-battery - motion harvest systems CPU manufacturing. (TRL 6).
2015 *
40 Cooperative beam forming to extend radio range - utilize all radio's within squad to generate extended range/directionality. (TRL 4).
2015
41 Miniaturization Power sources improvement - higher energy density.
2020
42 For night vision/thermal/fuzzed - need sleep model - instant on.
2020
43 Energy harvesting solar cell, piezoelectric 2 2020
44 Bared-in energy recuperation system.
Electro-textile that charge up with movement (TRL 1).
4 2020 4
Page 143 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
45 New Power source, such as power cell.
Fuel cell, wireless power (electromagnetic radiation).
4 2020 4
46 Movement harvesting energy
Piezoelectic fibers or embedded in uniform. 4 2020 4
47 Alternative energy source, solar or biochemical sources energy harvesting from motion or residual heat.
Functional material like piezoceramics nanotechnologies. (TRL 4).
2020 *
48 Personal nuclear energy pack.
2020
49 Alternative sources (other than batteries) such as energy harvesting.
Mechanical generation (from soldier movement) to charge batteries (TRL 3)
2020 *
50 Lighter, last longer, rapidly rechargeable, low cost, environmental friendly.
2020
51 Harvesting Human Kinetic Energy
Efficient harvesting of kinetic energy. -
52 Kinetic power generation from soldier movement. Thermal power generation from soldier heat.
Refrigeration, electrical (TRL 1).
53 Continuing miniaturization of components.
Improved battery technology. Ad hoc networking. (TRL 8).
4 - 4
54 Power harvesting from walking or from curyload system movement. Micro generator engine.
-
Page 144 of 169
14. Technical Challenge: Spectrum Availability
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Opportunistic use of the spectrum
Uncontiguous bandwidth waveform for example: OFDM based (TRL 8)
2 2015
2 Prioritizing users according to agreed on protocols, could be updated as situation changes, remotely managed
2015
3 Data image compression Energy efficient high speed processor (TRL 7-9)
2015
4 Increased GARDR (RMS) bandwidth modulations with longer high rate spreading codes
Tech 1: Increased sampling rate with lower power
2015
Tech 2: Wider antenna with LNA
Tech 3: Greater dispreading gain
5 Multi radio system on each soldier simultaneous
2020
6 DSA Radios. Better compression
Miniaturization of RF and Filter parts 2020
7 Increase spectral efficiency of new radios
MIMO – Multiple Input Multiple Output 2020 *
8 Not technology: Military has to pay for use of frequency space in competition with the civilian word
2020
9 Opportunistic use of radio spectrum to increase bandwidth availability – dynamic spectrum access, need real time spectrum mg.
Highly adaptive radio (cognitive) with frequency + bandwidth agility (TRL 3)
2 2020
Page 145 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
10 Implementation of new modulation techniques
Spread spectrum 2020
11 Automatic spectrum allocation dynamic spectrum changes
New miniature pf components radio signal processing
2 2020
12 Automated spectrum ‗hole‘ management
SDR with dynamic spectrum ‗hole‘ seek + capture capability-non-disruptive (TRL3)
2020
13 In war time, interferers can be shot down (remember day 1 in Baghdad and what the F-117 did), artillery, air force can all destroy unwanted emitters as required
Direction finding ESM (TRL 9)
15. Technical Challenge: Lack of High Performance User Interface Characteristics
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 design of brdw: trackball, board headset, a radio sensors
noise reduction, dynamic audiosensors, H.R. screens
2015
2 Requires a "Definition/Requirements Identification" from users to enable industry to develop.
2015 *
3 Improve human factor software buil & engineering
Following the iphone application sdk metaphor. (TRL 7)
2 2015
Page 146 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
4 Intuitive, easy-to-use, easy to learn UIs.
Design for usability user trials, involvement, best practices (e.g. iphone). (TRL 9).
2015
5 See through display Tech1: Variable light transmission (TRL 4). 2015
Tech2: Free form lens design (TRL 4).
6 Adaptive user interface based on location, situation and user skills
Artificial intelligence, machine learning algorithms.
2015
7 Engage video game software developers (TRL 4).
2015
8 Install a lightweight camera (wide dynamic range) on helmet or eyewear
Sensors toward CMOS. Target detection/recognition. (TRL 4).
2015 *
9 Multi-modal interface capability
No hands or hands optional controllers. (TRL 3).
2015
10 New devices that are like an i-phone that allows easy control of interface GUI.
New software for ease of configuration. 2 2015 *
11 Direct manipulation graphic environment.
HTMLS, WebGL, Wikis, Web 2.0. 2015
12 New tablets PC need to be made more robust, and have less power consumption.
more efficient batteries and less power consuming tablets (should exist in R&D labs).
2015
13 Defined UI requirements. Optical interface, tactile interface. 2015 *
14 See through HMD visible at night and in bright sunlight
Digital display (OLED) + begun splitter + micro-shutter (MEMS) instantly adjustable. (TRL 4).
2 2015
Page 147 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
15 Utiliser des UAV pendant les opérations des soldats pour faire une map avec les positions des soldats. (TRL 6).
2015
16 Use COTS handheld device with custom applications for military.
IPhone, Ipad. (TRL 7). 2 2015
17 Sunglasses (ballistic) with projected display on back side of sunglasses that are distortion free and aligned to normal vision.
pre-distorted digital projection display that corrects for glass curvature + eye tracker and computer to align projected display with natural FOV (TRL 3)
2 2020
18 Multiple interface modalities (sound, vib. visual, text, video) embedded in cloat aud equipment.
Tech1: soldier personal embedded network (TRL 4).
2020
Tech2: Laser display
Tech3: Flexible rollable OLED display
*
19 bidirectional neural interface to soldier (so it can receive data, like commands, and control devices and send data)
Related neura sciences... standards! (TRL 3). 2020 *
20 Adaptive trained soldier system based on game simulator
Warfighting simulator. Each soldier should go through a trainer which will define his profile. The way he fights, etc. Once done, his profile is loaded in a database, automatically loaded when he log himself on a system (TRL 3-4).
2020
21 Increased S.W. sophistication to load of UI i.e. Facial recognition, behaviour recognition, etc.
video cameras, TI etc. + software devel. and behaviour theory (TRL 5).
2
Page 148 of 169
Solution Description Technologies #
Reps* Time frame
Priority (from
BS 4 - * and 4s)
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
22 Display C4I Symbology on real scans.
See trew tech.
23 Optical detectors - multiple -immaterial so no wire links necessary (to torso CPV) between sensor weapon etc.
Optical communication (ad hoc). (TRL 3). *
24 Not technical - procedural. Require access to soldier user community for voice of customer exercise. Has been done before in Canada for Sam5.
Page 149 of 169
G. Sensors Working Session 2
The details of solutions proposed and their related technologies are listed in the tables
below. The column repetition (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have identified
more than once to create different solutions that can help solve same or different
technical challenges.
The technical challenges for which solutions are proposed are:
1. UAV Weaponization
2. Increasing Bandwidth
3. Enabling Brain to Sensor Control
4. Improving Configurable User Interfaces
5. Enabling High-Performance User Interface
6. Increasing Sensor Resolution
7. Managing Multiple Autonomous Vehicles
8. Developing Multifunction Sight
9. Enhancing Power Availability and Endurance
10. Developing Power/Data Interface to Weapon
11. Processing Multiple Input Signals/AI
12. Enabling Different/Intermittent Communications
13. Improving Signature Management
14. Enhancing Signal Processing and Security Standards
15. Developing Technologies to Enable Devices Recovery
Page 150 of 169
1. Technical Challenges: UAV Weaponization
Solution Description Technologies
# Reps* Time frame
Priority
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Smaller and different weapons
UAVs that understand that it has a weapon
2015
2 Self propelled munitions that do not impact flight of UAV
GPS
Tx + Rx data and video
3 Ceaseless ammo (40-50% lighter)
Also better for infantrymen
I4 multifunction sight/fire control system requires new gun, combine with electronic fire control for precision
2015
4 Careful pick of weapon strap them on
Weapons development now
5 Permit self selective destruction of loitering munitions + other UAVs without authorization
2015
6 UAV battery punctures self before crashing into enemy camp
Power/energy 2015
Page 151 of 169
2. Technical Challenge: Increasing Bandwidth (to improve multi-band resolution)
Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Time frame
Priority
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Synthetile – Vectorize background algorithm
2015
2 High Speed electronics D-A conversion, High speed image processing
Crew Sensor Systems 2015
3 Saleable/Adaptive BW wireless Link w/Low power/short range for weapon to soldier
Compact hi Frequency Transmitter electronics
2015
4 Spread Spectrum/broadband RF
Encoding for secure communications
Higher communications frequency transceivers
2015
5 Dual/multi-band optics and weapon sights
Lower pitch micro-bolometers
I2 + NIR + SWIR + LWIR
2015
6 Utilize, for short distances with wideband technology, and higher order modulation for high BW short distance communications between sensor and receiver
COTS UWB devices requiring low power/size
2015
7 Don‘t bother, too much data already – extract information on board and send as a pulse only when absolutely necessary
Data ->information 2015
8 Radio Frequency Communication at 50 Ghz with Ghz BW
Monolithic Microwave integrated circuit
2020
Page 152 of 169
Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Time frame
Priority
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
9 Soldier to Soldier and Soldier to communications center transmit priority handling
Master Slave or bandwidth on demand
*
3. Technical Challenge: Enabling Brain to Sensor Control
Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Time frame
Priority
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Use all faculties - touch, voice, movement
Voice recognition, dense force sensors, smart sensor filters
2 Helmet with EEG type sensors Phase 1 Tech to use brainwaves to control prosthetic limb
Phase 2 tech to turn on/off switch
2020
3 Algorithm data processing/compression
2015
4 Thinking to control digital objects control functionality
Vyborg
Neuroscience
Bioengineering
2020
5 Lightweight sensor to control weapons systems and to monitor inputs
Medical field 2020
Page 153 of 169
4. Technical Challenge: Improving Configurable User Interfaces
Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Timeframe Priority
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 All sensors (personal) feed to central processing which can display and transmit selected information
Eye touch screen iPhone type technology but which move icons with motion of users eyes. Sense and track focus of attention and movement
2020
2 Focus interface on data user wants and allow it to be organized into layers based up on priority or context and provides a ―moving} filter to display
2015
3 Provide AI in C4I to interrogate terrain, movement, and instruction to configure HCI without operator input
Development of AI, algorithms and fusion of data
2015
4 Strategic system architecture, open well engineered standards, continuous maintenance/upgrade
5 Reduce user data access time by iconic graphical user interfaces
Data (numeric) mostly sent for upwards analysis
6 Multi modal interface providing access to different levels of granularity of info based on mission needs
Data fusion
Preference handling
Modal interface
Page 154 of 169
5. Technical Challenge: Enabling High-Performance User Interface
Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Timeframe Priority
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Provide imagery to the eye without impacting night vision or field of view
Holographic imagery/heads up display
2020
2 Intuitive user configurable weapon centric fused data display, contextual controls
LCD, OLED, Bone speakers, haptic feedback
3 Self training, self guiding operation interface leveraging existing & intuitive controls (e.g. 4CE control station SW)
STANAG 4586 interoperability standard
JAUS interoperability standard
2015
4 Experience from video gaming industry to uncluttered the graphical display and to improve learning curve
2015 *
5 Use glove type interface to control payloads
New gaming gloves 2015
6 Finger motion detector
Eye motion detector
Voice/sound recognition
Biometric sensors
Noise synthesizer
2015
7 User interface is where all sensor input is integrated – needs to communicate with current and future sensors
Integration technologies and an interface standard and protocol
Page 155 of 169
6. Increasing Sensors Resolution
Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Timeframe Priority
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Un cooled /cooled detectors with smaller pixel pitch
InGaAs detectors
2 New fabrication technology of sensors, high speed electronics, D-A conversion
SWIR, MWIR, LWIR
Fused Imaging sight/system
2020
3 Adaptable zooming, automatic target acquisition, light sensitive screen
New lens technology
New material for screens
2015
4 New High Density solid state detectors, detector stitching
New fab process 2015
5 Digital image fusion High resolution Displays approaching photo cathode resolution
Signal processing algorithms
2020
6 Foveal systems – wide FOV with high resolution only where the operator is looking
Accomplished with optics – wide angle objective for SA and telephoto tied to eye tracker plus digital stitching of images
2020
7 Requires materials and structures of higher sensitivities e.g. micro/nano structures and advanced E-O materials (e.g. InGaAs etc.)
MEMS, uncooled E-O Sensors
8 Multi sensors in multi-static configurations (multiple input, multiple output concept)
Sensor fusion
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7. Technical Challenge: Managing Multiple Autonomous Vehicles
Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Timeframe Priority
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Coordinated autonomous flight, in band remote programmable control
2015
2 Simple icon (map) based interface which gives the vehicles position on a map – when selected, control/view is switched to the second vehicle
Signal jamming prevention, PDA/tablet interfaces, User interface design, Integration of different vehicle control into one platform
2015
3 Software development and improvement to C4I software
Track file software and algorithms enabling multi sensor fusion
2015
4 Vehicular algorithm interactive Autopilot 2015
5 Advanced UI (e.g. 4CE control station) with operation queuing and self guiding corrective actions; interoperability standards
Stanag4586 Interoperability standard
JAUS Interoperability standard
2015
6 Artificial Intelligent system/tech
Data fusion
Collaborative surveillance systems
2020
7 Universal controls, mission configurable aggregate displays, semi autonomous functions
Autonomous control systems
Computer situational awareness
8 Cooperation between those vehicles
Artificial intelligence in autopilots/decision making
2015
9 If they are autonomous they can manage themselves, self and situational awareness
Data -> Information (perceptive capability)
2015
10 Some mission autonomy – soft challenge algorithm
15,2, 9.10,14 2020
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Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Timeframe Priority
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
11 Swarm theory Artificial intelligence 2020
12 Self coordination of ‗swarm‘ through message exchange to complete tasks. Automation/AI
MANET, AI, MIMO 2020
13 Develop waypoint navigation with alerts to operator if irreconcilable issues arise
GPS interaction
Transmit data to operator
14 Automated coordination of a team of autonomous vehicles based on mission intent and localization
Artificiel intelligence, augmentation, position estimation, planning
8. Technical Challenge: Developing Multifunction Sight
Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Timeframe Priority
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Common optical chain for main spectral sight
Composite material to be developed to refract multi-spectral
2020
2 Modular day/night + multi spectral sight elements (with camera output and data input capabilities)
Microelectronic fusion of I2
SWIR, Thermal Tech
Compact lightweight glass/optic elements
2020
3 Multiple detectors and electronic zoom
IR 2020
4 Quickly identify moving object within sight and to zoom it
Algorithm/processing power 2015
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Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Timeframe Priority
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
5 Fuse thermal (for human detection) with visual -> SWIR detector for ID and situational awareness
Micro bolometer or InSb + electron bombardment CCD
2015
6 Long range (500 m to 2 Km) target id at night
SWIR scope + laser illuminator (both CW + gated)
2015
7 Incorporating (fusing) multiple sensors in a module design that can be integrated on a single optical path
Optical material that work in the SWIR, MWIR and digitization
8 Enable confirmation of target location and capability to ―hand off‖ targets to others for confirmation/engagement
Laser range finding
Pointing (digital magnetic compass)
GPS + Communications network
2015
9 HUD with multi input box capable of lasting long hours
NVG, IR, laser range finder, GPS
2015
10 Modular plug and play architecture with common and optional blocks
VSB, near-field induction 2015
11 Networking of distributed sensor via section radios and transfer of data into sight in operator accepted format
Networking radios and weapons STA system integration
2015
12 Integration of current technologies
Miniaturization of components 2015
13 Nanotechnology – based optical materials that allows waveleband specific pixel fabrication in same substrate
Mew materials, development, processing methods for high density self assembling technologies
2020
14 High resolution sensors
Low power cooling
Wideband optics (visible through IR)
2020
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9. Technical Challenge: Enhancing Power Availability and Endurance
Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Timeframe Priority
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 New rechargeable batteries or energy storage device – long life recharcheable
Chemical cell technology 2015
2 Light weight fuel cell to replace Lion battery integrated with prop motor to generate FC pumps. Extended flight duration, reduces weight
Fuel cells 2015
3 Multi function platform replacing 50-60% of single technologies
RFID, RTLS, TAC 2015
4 Low RPM high output ratio rotor turns from reaction torque of vertical prop. Wing is reconfigurable to swept-wing flying wing for high speed
Aeronautics 2020
5 Reduced electronic geometries (sub-micro) uncooled sensors, intelligent power management
Energy recovery systems
6 Combination of improved batter chemistry – solar – low power electronics
Nano meter manufacturing
Chemical engineering
2015
7 For fixed wing make battery the shape of the wing and easily detachable for recharging
Research into higher energy density batteries
2 2015
8 Energy harvesting form Photovoltaic cells
Placing photovoltaic cells in textile substrates
2015
9 Power management chips with programmability
Circuit design and low-volume manufacturing methods
2015
10 More efficient power sources Miniaturized thermo-electric and thermoacoustic generators/sterling engines
2020
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Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Timeframe Priority
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
11 Smart power, power cell reduction
Battery research 2 2020
12 Smaller size, increased amperage
rechargeable
solar 2020
13 Inductive or conductive physical interface
Wireless data transmission standards
USB, Bluetooth, inductive power
14 Micro fuel cell - battery is not as energy dense. Power source to replace in UAV applications and soldier portable power
Micro fluidics
10. Technical Challenge: Developing Power/data Interface to Weapon
Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Timeframe Priority
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 Wireless connection between soldier and weapon
Low range high throughput data communications using magnetic induction
2020
2 NATO STANAG resolution on power data rail
2015
3 Wired to wireless integrated power/data exchange via sling + future transceiver (see tech 2) + inductive power transfer
1 Robust integrated in-textile cabling (sling)
2 Inductive power transfer Interface
2015
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11. Technical Challenge: Processing Multiple Input Signals/AI
Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Timeframe Priority
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
1 High/fast data processing electronics/computing
Neural network
Collaborative Surveillance systems
2020
2 MTI and video MTI; operator selectable declutter, data fusion algorithms
Positional technology (GPS etc.)
3 Fuse multiple signals of different types and quantities and make sense of them
Machine learning - AI 2015
4 Sequential processing with high speed and low energy consumption
Wireless communication grid within RFID RTLS Technology
2015
5 Redundant info and image enhancement from multi spectral sources
We already use redundant edge information in video compression
2015
6 Algorithm design matched to threaded or vector processor architectures
Algorithm design, generation of new concepts for data fusion and filtering
2015
7 Dynamic model-based representation of environment and situation
Standard data format, interoperability
2015 *
8 High speed, compact processing unit
Digital; senso/EI2 2015
9 Wide-angle sight Integrating many cameras within a helmet to get 180o in front of soldier
2015
10 Utilize core processing of C4I System to process raw sensor data to reduce distributed processing, weight and power
Development of processing techniques to sustain C4I functions and sensor processing of multiple threads
2015
11 Neural networks, quantum computing
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Solution Description Technologies # Reps* Timeframe Priority
* The column repetitions (# reps) indicates that similar technologies have been identified more than once, to create different solutions that can help solve same or different technical challenges.
12 Self sufficient data aware soldier as the main decision link
Priority in information handling *
12. Technical Challenge: Enabling Different/Intermittent Communications
Solution Description Technologies # Reps Timeframe Priority
1 The only reliable means of sensors communicating with a common display/processing module is by hard wiring them on the soldier
Miniature wires integrated in fabrics first then nanowire technology
2 Communications that self adapt to the SA and environment
2020
3 Multiple/dynamic communications with always DES and connected e.g. ad-hoc or cell based multi frequency, hard wire when applicable
Dynamic spectrum allocation
Plug and play
2015
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13. Technical Challenge: Improving Signature Management (passive)
Solution Description Technologies # Reps Timeframe Priority
1 Packaging for shielding and size reduction of all electronics
Ceramic packaging for high frequency
2015
14. Technical Challenge: Enhancing Signal Processing and Security Standards
No discussion on this technical challenge were recorded during the breakaway session.
15. Technical Challenge: Developing Technologies to Enable Devices Recovery
No discussion on this technical challenge were recorded during the breakaway session.
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H. C4I/Sensor Mind Maps
Thinking about technology in the context of the soldier
system did not begin with the Soldier Systems Technology
Roadmap. Earlier projects include a DND project to
develop mind maps showing technologies involved in the
soldier system.
Mind maps focusing on weapons were provided to the
Soldier Systems TRM workshop participants in a handout
following Day 1 of the workshop. Participants were invited
to provide their feedback on the mind maps. Several
participants handed in their comments, and these were
compiled and retained to provide additional soldier
systems information.
The mind maps included in the handout, and the
accompanying table and Technology Readiness Level
(TRL) scale, follow.
Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Description
1. Basic principles observed and reported.
Lowest level of technology readiness. Scientific research begins to be translated into applied research and development. Examples might include paper studies of a technology's basic properties.
2. Technology concept and/or application formulated.
Invention begins. Once basic principles are observed, practical applications can be invented. Applications are speculative and there may be no proof or detailed analysis to support the assumptions. Examples are limited to analytic studies.
3. Analytical and experimental critical function and/or characteristic proof of concept.
Active research and development is initiated. This includes analytical studies and laboratory studies to physically validate analytical predictions of separate elements of the technology. Examples include components that are not yet integrated or representative.
4. Component and/or breadboard validation in laboratory environment.
Basic technological components are integrated to establish that they will work together. This is relatively "low fidelity" compared to the eventual system. Examples include integration of "ad hoc" hardware in the lab.
5. Component and/or breadboard validation in relevant environment.
Fidelity of breadboard technology increases significantly. The basic technological components are integrated with reasonably realistic supporting elements so it can be tested in a simulated environment. Examples include "high fidelity" laboratory integration of components.
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6. System/subsystem model or prototype demonstration in a relevant environment
Representative model or prototype system, which is well beyond that of TRL 5, is tested in a relevant environment. Represents a major step up in a technology's demonstrated readiness. Examples include testing a prototype in a high-fidelity laboratory environment or in simulated operational environment.
7. System prototype demonstration in an operational environment.
Prototype near, or at, planned operational system. Represents a major step up from TRL 6, requiring demonstration of an actual system prototype in an operational environment such as an aircraft, vehicle, or space. Examples include testing the prototype in a test bed aircraft.
8. Actual system completed and qualified through test and demonstration.
Technology has been proven to work in its final form and under expected conditions. In almost all cases, this TRL represents the end of true system development. Examples include developmental test and evaluation of the system in its intended weapon system to determine if it meets design specifications.
9. Actual system proven through successful mission operations.
Actual application of the technology in its final form and under mission conditions, such as those encountered in operational test and evaluation. Examples include using the system under operational mission conditions.
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