Chapter I
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
The tobacco plant scientifically known as Nicotiana Tabacum is a plant grown for its
leaves w/c are smoked, chewed or sniffed for a vanity of effects. Tabacco is considered addicting
because it contains the chemical nicotine
Whenever someone lighten up a cigarette it inviting cancer. Cigarette smoking is a major
cause of lung cancer and many other illnesses. although smoking among the adolescents and
young adults is often associated as a bad, but temporarily habits. For college students the amount
of harm it causes to their health and health of others are largely unknown. For them they have
got to do what makes them happy, and smoking makes them happy. nothing can stop them from
getting rid of something we know bad habit. even it will cause ruining of health of other people.
Young adults ruin their health and health of their non-smoking friends, family members
and neighbours by making them breath in polluted by the cigarettes’ smoke air. Finally the
decision to smoke is their choice.
1
Statement of the Problem
This study determined the factors of smoking among freshmen and sophomore college
students of Camarines Norte State College, Daet Camarines Norte
This Study answered the following:
1. What is the profile of the students who are smoking in terms of age, gender, course,
consumption?
2. What are the factors to be considering why students are into a smoking?
3. What are the consequences that they may encounter because of smoking?
Basic Assumptions
This study is premised on the following assumptions.
1. The profile of the respondents vary
2. Factors to consider in smoking of freshmen and sophomore
3. Various effects that causes of smoking
Significance of the Study
This research is important and beneficial to the following:
Students. This study will make them aware of the effects to the second hand
smoke and causes why some are smoking at the early age.
Future Researchers. This study may give them ideas in conceptualizing their own
research problem.
2
Government. Will help for them to be aware of growth population among young
who are smoking.
Parents. For them to become aware of their children why they are into a
smoking . To understand and guide their Children.
Teachers. The results of this study maybe used by teacher educating students
regarding the use of smoke.
Community. The community will know the reasons why they have to stop
smoking.
Scope and Delimitation
This study focused on the factors and effects among young freshmen and sophomore
college student of Camarines Norte State College. This study was conducted March 24,
2010
Definition of Terms
Cancer. The proliferation of malignant cells that have capability for tissue
or organ invasion
Cigarette. A small roll of finely cut tobacco for smoking usually enclosed in a
wrapper of thin paper.
Filter-Tip Cigarettes. An instrument that put in the filter of cigar to lessen the amount of
tar and nicotine absorption.
Firsthand smoke. he one who is smokin
3
Mainstream Smoke. This is drawn into the smoker’s mouth.
Nicotine. A poisonous alkaloid, derived from the tobacco plant, used in
medicine and as pesticide.
Second-hand Smoke. A non-smoker who accidentally inhale the sidestream smoke
Sidestraem Smoke. Rising from the burning end of the cigarette.
Smoking. To draw in and exhale smoke from a cigarette.
4
Endnotes
Ernest H. Rosenbaum “Can you Prevent Cancer?” St. Louis Toronto 1983 p159
Curt Dewees “it pays to quit” Manila, Philppines 1996 p4
“The Grolier International Dictionary” USA 1996
Bonenkamper,Thomas W. et. al,Health and Safety for You CA DIVISION OF THE McGRAW.
Hill Companies(1954)pg.262
5
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature And Studies
The researchers conducted a review of related studies and literature to
conceptualize their research problem. It was in this stage of the research undertaking that
able to identify the research gap budget. They acquire concepts on preparing the draft of
the questionnaire, its design and format together with its contents. They were able to
gather a collection of studies literature that are integrated into this chapter. They consider
this as their baptism of fire in the field research.
Related literature
The more serious diseases related to smoking include CORONARY HEART DISEASE
which reduce blood flow through the lungs and the causes the lungs to absorb loss
oxygen. This effects causes shortness of breath. Smoking has been linked to career of the
lungs, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, esophagus, pancreas and bladder. Emphysema may
begin with a slight difficulty in breathing at times. Later, an activity such as a short walk
ma result in breathlessness.(bone keeper, Thomas W. et. al, 1957)
M.Mcginnis et al.,(1992) says that smoking is the single greatest cause of
preventable death. By itself and the interaction with other risk factors. It may also be the
chief cause of death in development countries.
Mc Creary et. al. (1989) cigarettes smokes also appear to be generally less
healthy-conscious and more likely to engage in other unhealthy behaviors than
nonsmokers.
6
Zwerling et al. (1992) smoker is also have more accidents and injuries at work, take
of more sick time and use more health benefits than nonsmokers.
Ershler et. al. (1989) smoking appears to serve as an entry-level drug for
subsequent substance use and abuse. Trying cigarettes smoke one significantly more likely
to use other drugs in the future.
Bauman, Koch and fisher (1989) parental cigarette smoking may lower cognitive
performance in adolescents by reducing the oxygen capacity of the blood and increasing
carbon monoxide levels.
E.Marshall (1986) the dangers of smoking are not confined to the smoker. Studies
of secondhand smoke reveal that spouses, family members of the smokers, and coworkers
at are risk for a variety of health disorders.
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Conceptual Framework
The framework of this study is based on the system concept.This concept based on the
input, the process, and the output.
The input is on covered the all things that related to our respondents.In this research, the
input refers to the personal profile.
The process which transform input and output sometimes to the transformation functions.
In this research provide the surveying and some questions. The process refers to the factors to be
considered in smoking among freshmen and sophomore of students in Camarines Norte State
College.”Smoking Among Teenagers.
The output system is focused to the some questioned that related to our respondents.
8
Conceptual Paradigm
9
INPUT
1. Profile of
the
respondents
2. Factors in
smoking of
young
college
students.
OUTPUT
Knowledge of the
Effects of smoking
in 1st hand smoke
and second hand
smoke.
Factors why
Freshmen and
sophomore are into
a smoking.
PROCESS
Data gathering
through interviews
and survey
questionnaire.
Analysis and
Interpreting Data
FEEDBACK
Endnotes
Sherlly E. Taylor. “health Behavior and Primary prevention”. Health Psychology, fifth
Edition, (2003) pg. 156-157
Tsuma Ted. K. et al. “substances abuse”. Health and safety for you. 7th Edition, (1987)
pg. 260-262
10
Chapter III
Methodology
This chapter presents the decision of the research methodology answer to the research
problems. This gives detail of respondents, data gathering tools and statistical and treatment used
in the study.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The researchers used the descriptive survey method to attain the objectives of the study.
In gathering data, they constructed questionnaire which served as the main source of information
about the subject. The researchers also conducted library research for some additional
information about the subject.
RESPONDENT OF THE STUDY
The respondent of the this study were the thirty (30) students of College of Business and
Public Administration, Camarines Norte State College. They were chosen using the random
sampling technique.
PREPARATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE
The researchers prepared a questionnaire which was used as used as the main data
gathering instrument. Inquiries were also made likewise, books, magazines, and other references
11
were read. The conglomeration of all information gathered served as the basis and guide in the
preparation of the draft of questionnaire.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA
Statistical tools used in this study were weighted arithmetic mean and percentage.
A. Percentage
This tools was used to get the distribution of respondents according to their age,
gender and course.
Formula:
P=f/N x 100
Where:
P= percentage
f= number of respondents with similar response of frequency of responses.
N= total number of respondents
100= constant multiplier
B. Weighted Mean
This was used to determined the extent to which the rates assessed the items.
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Formula:
W=∑ f w/N x 100
Where:
W= Weighted mean
∑= summation sign
f= frequency or number of responses
w= weighted or category responses
N=total number of respondents
100= constant multiplier
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End Notes
Bardon, Jenalyn P.; et. al “Effects of Smoking Among Fourth Year Students in Labo National
High School, Labo, Camarines Norte” (Undergraduate Thesis, 2001) p.9
14
Chapter IV
“FACTORS TO BE CONSIDER IN SMOKING AMONG FRESHMEN AND SOPHOMORE
STUDENTS IN CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE”
This chapter present analysis in interpretation of the date gathered.
Profile of the respondent.
Table 1.0
Age of the Respondents
Age Frequency Percentage%
16-17 10 33.33
18-19 15 50
20-21 3 10
22-23 2 6.67
Total 30 100
Table 1.0 show the age of the respondents out of 30,10 or 33.32% belong to 16-17 years
old, 15 or 50 % belong to 18-19 years old, 3 or 10% belong to 20-21 years old then the last 30 or
6.67% belong to 22-23 years old.
Majority of the students who take smoke is on 18-20 years old.
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Table 1.1
Sex of the Respondents
Sex Frequency Percentage %
Male 14 46.67
Female 16 53.33
Total 30 100
Table 1.1 shows the sex of the respondents out of 30, 14 or 46.67 % belong to male, 16 or
53.33 % belong to female.
Therefore the majority of our respondents is female than male.
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Table 1.2
Course of the Respondents
Course Frequency Percentage %
Economics 8 26.67
Entrepreneur 9 30
BSCE 7 23.33
HRM 4 13.33
BSOA 2 6.67
Total 30 100
Table 1.2 show the course of the respondents out of 30, 8 or 26.27 belong to Economics,
9 or 30 % belong to Entrepreneur, 7 or 23.33 % belong to B.S.C.E., 4 or 13.33 % belong to
H.R.M., 2 or 6.67 % belong to B.S.O.A.
Therefore the majority is on the course of entrepreneur based on our survey.
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Table 1.3
Personal Question # 1
Personal Question # 1 Frequency Percentage % Total
1. Yes 9 30 100
No 21 70
2. Yes 24 80
No 6 20 100
3. Yes 10 33.33
No 20 66.67 100
Table 1.3 show the personal question out of 30 students, the 9 or 30 %belong to
Yes, the 21 or 70% belong to No, 24 or 80 % belong to Yes, the 6 or 20 % belong to
No, the 10 or 33.33 % belong also to Yes, 20 or 66.67% belong to No.
Therefore, the majority answered of our respondents is No.
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Table 1.4
Personal Question # 2
Personal Question # 2 Frequency Percentage %
1. A 11 36.67
B
2. A
B 9 30
C
3. A
B 10 33.33
C
Total 30 100
Table 1.4 show the personal question # 2 out of 30, 11 or 36.67 % is belong to number 1,
9 or 30 % belong to number 2, the 10 or 33.33 % is belong to 3.
Therefore, the majority answered of our respondents is on personal question number 1.
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Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION
This Chapter Presents Briefly the Summary, Conclusion that was drawn from the finding of the
study.
Summary
This study determined the factors of smoking among freshmen and sophomore college students
of Camarines Norte State College, Daet Camarines Norte
This Study answered the following:
4. What is the profile of the students who are smoking in terms of age, gender, course,
consumption?
5. What are the factors to be considering why students are into a smoking?
6. What are the consequences that they may encounter because of smoking?
The researcher Conducted this study Strongly Believe that the findings is beneficial to the
students Especially to those who are in minor age of freshman and sophomore of Camarines
Norte State College, The study use Descriptive Method. The data were gathered using the sets of
questionnaire and there are 30 respondents from different colleges of Camarines Norte State
College. The Figures was analyzed by the researcher, presented and interpreted.
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FACTORS OF SMOKING IN FRESHMAN AND SOPHOMOR COLLEGE STUDENT
OF CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
Findings
After analyzing the data and Interview we gathered the following finding revealed:
1. Out of 30 respondents, 10 students or 37% consider to be smoking while 20 students or
67% are the non-smoking.It also came out that some are not well educated about the
second hand smoke 20% or 6 respondents. But mostly students are aware about the
effects of being a second hand smoke and a 1st hand smoke.
2. That some are smoking just to fulfil their wants, only for trip, some they say it is better to
be 1st hand than second hand smoke due the severances of the effect. Some of them to
calm down and relieve stress from school while others they get intensified sensation from
mixing tobacco and alcohol.
3. Out of 10 respondents that are smoking 9 of them introduce cigarette between the age
bracket of 16-18.5 of them are always smoking and taking 1-5 sticks per day. Another 5
students smoking occasionally especially when they are in party or w/friends.
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Conclusion
In view of these findings, the researcher derived the following conclusion
1. Majority of respondent are non-smoker and they are aware of the effect among smoker
and the secondhand smokes.
2. Most of Young teenager, whom smokes are only for the leisure and recreation, some has
no reason they just easily influence by the people around them.
Recommendation
The short-term benefits of quitting in smoking within one week your sense of taste and smell will
improve, increasing your enjoyment of eating foods and drinking. Hands and feet will feel
warmer, blood platelets will become activated, and coughing, wheezing and respiratory tract will
improve. Stamina and energy will increase.
Long-term benefits the longer we stay off in cigarette the longer our life will be. We reduce the
risk of getting cancer or illness.
Think of the money, today 2 php per stick times the consumptions per day is expensive it is like
burning your money.
Other benefits. Think of other, think of non smoker die from breathing secondhand smoke.
22
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Books
Ernest H. Rosenbaum “Can you Prevent Cancer?” St. Louis Toronto 1983 p159 -198
Curt Dewees “it pays to quit” Manila, Philppines 1996 p4 -5
“The Grolier International Dictionary” USA 1996
Bardon, Jenalyn P.; et. al “Effects of Smoking Among Fourth Year Students in Labo National
High School, Labo, Camarines Norte” (Undergraduate Thesis, 2001) p.9
Sherlly E. Taylor. “health Behavior and Primary prevention”. Health Psychology, fifth
Edition, (2003) pg. 156-157
Tsuma Ted. K. et al. “substances abuse”. Health and safety for you. 7th Edition, (1987)
pg. 260-262
23
Appendix A
THESIS PROPOSAL
I. Title
FACTORS OF SMOKING IN FRESHMAN AND SOPHOMOR COLLEGE
STUDENT
OF CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
II. Objectives
1. To determine the Factors of smoking among students
2. To Find Out what makes them to do it.
3. To know the various reasons of smoking of students
III. Research Method Descriptive Survey Method
IV. Proponents
Judith D. Espinosa
April Joy P. Lopez
Leah L. Reyes
Melanie Padilla
Jessica R. Pilapil
Ruby L. Samonte
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Appendix B
March 24, 2010
Dear Respondents:
Greetings!
We would like to inform that we are conducting a Survey in connection of our subject
Eng 02 Writing in the Dicsipline, we are deligated to work an undergraduate research paper as
partial requirements for our subject in this school.
In view of this we are requesting for your honest response to all questions.
All data gathered would be confidential and it will use only for the purpose of this study.
Thank You very much in your cooperation and God Bless.
Truly Yours,
Judith D. Espinosa
April Joy P. Lopez
Leah L. Reyes
Melanie Padilla
Jessica R. Pilapil
Ruby L. Samonte
25
Appendix C
FACTORS OF SMOKING IN FRESHMAN AND SOPHOMOR COLLEGE STUDENT
OF CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
Questionnaire:
Explanatory:
This questionnaire is formulated and administrate for the purpose of gathering
information needed to complete the study.
Direction: Please answer the following questions honestly and correctly.
Name: _________________________ Year/Course: ________________________
Age: _________________________ Sex: ______________________________
Part I. Please check (/) the blank that corresponds your answer.
YES NO
1. Are you smoking? _____ _____
2. Are you Aware of Second Hand Smoke? _____ _____
3. Is there a chance that your family/friends influence you? _____ _____
26
Part II.
1. How often do you smoke?
Occasionally _____ Always _____
2. How many sticks of cigarette do you take in a day?
1-3 ______ 4-6 ______ 7-up ______
3. At what age do you start smoking?
16-18 _____ 19-21 _____ 22-25 _____
4. Why are you smoking?
Just for Trip ____ Leissure/Appitizer ____
To Relax and Calm from stress ___ Part of Self Life System ___
5. Are you aware of the effects of smoking? if yes state at least 3.
_____________________________________________________________________
27
Appendix D
LIST OF RESPONDENTS
1. Abarca, Edmar T.
2. Abasolo, Sean D.
3. Alegre, John Carlo
4. Alto, Dominic John R.
5. Asis, Reggie
6. Autor, Hazel
7. Avenido, Joymie
8. Bautitsa, Divina S.
9. Bucaycay, Jesusa R.
10. Baluca, Jelmer
11. Calopez, Redrey U.
12. Capistra, Joshua
13. Dacillo, Carla M.
14. De Leon, Ryan Vener B.
15. De Vera, Jho Ana Mae S.
16. Ebona, Grace S.
17. Francisco, Geomil P.
18. Lacea, Vedda Rose
19. Lubiano, Christian
20. Mancenido, Baby Vanessa L.
21. Mancenido, Christine A.
22. Ocol, Lea
23. Oresca, Annelyn V.
24. Panotes, Reinoel G.
25. Refferente, Jomar R.
26. Siocson, Louie T.
27. Torzar, Rowena M.
28. Villagracia,Wilmore
29. Villamor, Julius
30. Yarte, Emmanuel
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PERSONAL DATA
Name: Reyes, Leah L.
Address: P-6 Magallanes Iraya Daet Camarines Norte
Date of Birth: September 25, 1992
Place of Birth: Daet Camarines Norte
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Latter Day Saints
Parents: Vicente A. Reyes
Felipa L. Reyes
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary: Camarines Norte State College
Daet Camarines Norte
BSBA Major in Human Resource Management
2009 - Present
Secondary: Moreno Integrated School
Daet Camarines Norte
2007 - 2008
Elementary: Baldovino Elem. School
Daet Camarines Norte
2003 - 2004
29
PERSONAL DATA
Name: Espinosa, Judith D.
Address: Brgy. Site Pob. 1 Basud, Camarines Norte
Date of Birth: March 18, 1993
Place of Birth: Sariaya, Quezon
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Parents: Espinosa, Rodrigo
Espinosa, Victoria
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary: Camarines Norte State College
Daet Camarines Norte
BSBA Major in Human Resource Management
2009 - Present
Secondary: Basud National High School
Basud Camarines Norte
2008 - 2009
Elementary: Basud, Elementary School
Basud Camarines Norte
2004 – 2005
30
PERSONAL DATA
Name: Samonte, Ruby L.
Address: Basud Camarines Norte
Date of Birth: August 8, 1992
Place of Birth: Pinagwarasan Basud Camarines Norte
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Parents: Samonte, Rodel
Samonte, Gina
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary: Camarines Norte State College
Daet Camarines Norte
BSBA Major in Human Resource Management
2009 - Present
Secondary: Plaridel High School
Basud Camarines Norte
2008 - 2009
Elementary: Plaridel Elementary School
Basud Camarines Norte
2002 - 2003
31
PERSONAL DATA
Name: Pilapil, Jessica R.
Address: Purok 3 Brgy. San Lorenzo
Sta. Elena Camarines Norte
Date of Birth: August 7, 1992
Place of Birth: San Lorenzo Sta. Elena Camarines Norte
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Iglesia Ni Cristo
Parents: Pilapil, Serafin
Pilapil, Welyn
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary: Camarines Norte State College
Daet Camarines Norte
BSBA Major in Human Resource Management
2009 - Present
Secondary: Rizal National High School
Sta. Elena Camarines Norte
2008 - 2009
Elementary: M-Hebrado Elem School
San Lorenzo, Sta. Elena Camarines Norte
2004 - 2005
32
PERSONAL DATA
Name: Lopez, April Joy P.
Address: Door #2 Lopez Apt. H-dames St.
Daet Camarines Norte
Date of Birth: April 5, 1984
Place of Birth: Manila
Civil Status: Single-Parent
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Parents: Lopez, Mauro F.
Padillo, Evangelina Jill C.
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary: Camarines Norte State College
Daet Camarines Norte
BSBA Major in Human Resource Management
2008 - Present
Secondary: La Consolacion College of Daet
Daet Camarines Norte
2000 - 2001
Elementary: La Consolacion College Of Daet
Daet Camarines Norte
1996 - 1997
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PERSONAL DATA
Name: Padillla, Melanie
Address: P2 Brgy. Camagsaan
Capalonga Camarines Norte
Date of Birth: August 20, 1992
Place of Birth: Capalonga Camarines Norte
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Parents: Padilla, Nestor R.
Padilla, Evangieline M.
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary: Camarines Norte State College
Daet Camarines Norte
BSBA Major in Human Resource Management
2009 - Present
Secondary: Capalonga Parochial School
Capalonga Camarines Norte
2008 - 2009
Elementary: Cap. Central Elem. School
Capalonga Camarines Norte
2004 - 2005
34